The role of toll-like receptors in the pathogenesis of Streptococcus suis

Streptococcus suis is an important agent of swine and human meningitis. Sequence type (ST) 7 emerged in China and was responsible for the human epidemic caused by S. suis in 2005. The virulence of S. suis ST7 is greater than the wild type pathogenic S. suis, ST1; however, the mechanisms for this increased pathogenicity are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the role of different toll-like receptors (TLRs) involved in regulating the host response to the S. suis infection and to speculate on differing mechanisms used by ST7 strains to induce disease. Here we compared two ST7 strains isolated in the 2005 Sichuan outbreak to two ST1 strains. Our data show TLR2, 6 and 9 are involved in the recognition of heat-killed S. suis independent of the ST type. We found the TLR-dependent cytokine production differed between the two types of strains using whole cell lysate proteins. TLR6 played a greater role in cytokine production induced by the whole cell lysate proteins from the ST7 strain than in that induced by the ST1 strain lysates. The data suggest that mechanisms of inflammation induced by S. suis strains differ where this will be useful in designing efficient strategies in combating streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome caused by the S. suis ST7 strains.     

乳酸乳球菌Z-2不同处理方式对鲤益生作用的离体研究

为探究乳酸乳球菌Z-2(Lactococcus lactis Z-2)不同处理方式对鲤的益生作用,试验共设置L. lactis Z-2菌株6种不同处理[活菌及上清液的混合物(mixture of live cells and supernatant,LCS)、无细菌培养上清液(cell-free culture supernatant,CS)、活菌(live cells,LC)、菌热灭活(heat-killed cells,HK)、菌超声破碎(ultrasonic broken of cells,UB)和胞外多糖(exopolysaccharides of CS, EPS-2)]与鲤[体重(47.66±0.43)g]头肾单核细胞体外共培养,检测其对鲤头肾单核细胞的增殖能力和吞噬活性,及孵育液中一氧化氮(NO)和免疫相关细胞因子表达量的影响。结果表明:LCS、LC、UB和EPS-2处理组较之对照组,均能显著增强头肾细胞的增殖能力和吞噬活性,HK处理组仅能显著增强头肾细胞的吞噬活性(P<0.05),其中LC(1.580±0.032)和LCS(1.520±0.058)分别对鲤头肾细胞增...     

5HP-25型粮食干燥机设计与试验

为了提高干燥系统的能量利用效率,增强干燥机的通用性、可靠性、作业效率和年利用率,该研究围绕增大干燥动力系数和工艺能力指数,基于粮食的物性特征,从干燥工艺方式、机械结构参数和运动参数间的内在关系入手,把几何因子和运动参数有机结合,揭示了粮食在干燥机内流动特性;按照引风降压,连续闪蒸降温,强化传热传质,自适应排粮的设计思想,研制了一款粮食通用的干燥机,实现了粮食在干燥机内连续流动过程中,自发地改变流态、连续回转换位,强化了传热传质,改善了干燥的均匀性。设计的升角为6°的变截面角状盒,与传统的横流方法相比,可使干燥动力系数增大2～4倍,干燥稻谷时的爆腰增率可控制在1%以内,发芽势提高76%以上,发芽率达到95%;设计往复式差速排粮机构,实现了自适应无损排粮,有效解决了粮食架桥、堵塞问题,避免了粮种的机械损伤。设计的5HP-25型粮食干燥机,实际应用效果显示,在粮食平均干燥强度为1.37～2.70 %/h的条件下,干燥水分单位热耗为2 900～4 300kJ/kg,与国标7 400 kJ/kg相比,降低了单位热耗量。研究结果为实现优质、高效、节能干燥工艺及装备设计提供了参考。     

生物质流化床气化与结渣特性中试试验

为优化生物质流化床气化工艺,该研究在中试规模流化床实验台上进行了成型树皮和成型秸秆的空气气化试验,研究了空气当量比、气化温度与送风温度对成型树皮和成型玉米秸秆气化特性的影响,同时采用电子探针显微分析仪与X射线光谱分析仪对气化过程中结渣的微观结构与成分进行了分析。结果表明：气化效果随着空气当量比增大先升后降,空气当量比较佳值在0.24左右,此工况下树皮与秸秆合成气热值分别为5.66和3.92 MJ/m3,气化效率分别为59.62%与33.92%;气化温度增加促进气化效果提升,气化温度从700 ℃升高至800 ℃,树皮合成气热值与气化效率分别提升了1.01 MJ/m3与14.28%;一次风温度的提升对气化效果无显著影响（P>0.05）,但明显提升了炉膛底部温度,容易导致结渣,不利于设备稳定运行。2种生物质都有明显结渣现象,其表面呈现熔融玻璃状。结渣主要由KAl(SiO3)、K2MgSi5O12等复杂化合物与SiO2组成。导致结渣的原因主要是生物质中K、Mg等碱金属元素在床料中富集,与石英砂床料反应形成低熔点熔融盐;树皮含有较多Ca,气化中形成高熔点的CaSO4进而抑制结渣,而秸秆成灰率高,含有较多的K,导致结渣更为严重。     

大麦条纹病原菌的RAPD遗传多样性分析及大麦亲本抗性评价

为了明确大麦条纹病菌-麦类核菌(Pyrenophora graminea)在甘肃省河西走廊地区不同地理位置的遗传差异性,并鉴定大麦亲本品种对其抗性,运用RAPD(Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA)技术,对甘肃农业大学农学院麦类实验室保存的20个采自河西不同地区的大麦条纹病菌株进行遗传多样性分析,采用"夹心法"对30种大麦亲本材料进行抗性评价。结果表明,在遗传相似系数(GS)为0.7166时可将20个麦类核菌(P.graminea)菌株划分为4类,菌株XTB和JT聚为一类,且这2个菌株的地理位置相隔较远,菌株YC和HYH各自单独为一类,剩余16个菌株聚为一类;20个供试菌株中,菌株QQ和SW、菌株HZ和QWC的遗传相似系数(Genetic Similarity,GS)均为0.936 5,遗传相似性最高,遗传距离值分别为0.052 3和0.045 5。菌株YC的遗传相似系数最小,为0.624 1,与其他菌株间的遗传距离范围是0.372 2～0.633 0,得出不同地理来源的麦类核菌菌株存在一定的遗传差异性;在供试菌株中,菌株CJZ和SW的地理位置接近,遗传距...     

四川冬春季参考作物蒸散量时空变化及其成因

为深入认识四川冬春季参考作物蒸散量(ET₀)的变化特征,利用1980—2016年四川35个气象站的逐日气象观测资料,采用泰森多边形、气候倾向率和克里金空间插值等方法对其冬春季ET₀的时空变化特征进行分析,并通过敏感性和贡献率分析了ET₀的变化成因。结果表明:ET₀的年代际变化呈先降后增的趋势,空间上呈明显的西南高东部低的分布特征,且高值区范围持续扩大,低值区范围波动缩小。ET₀的年际变化呈上升趋势,春季ET₀气候倾向率和空间差异明显大于冬季,且ET₀高值区与低值区空间分布受海拔高度影响明显。ET₀的同一日多年平均值自初冬至初春逐渐上升,1月22日—5月2日仅有8 d的ET₀值低于多年日平均值,具有明显连续的高值时段。ET₀对日照时数的变化最敏感,其次是对相对湿度与平均气温,对三者均呈高敏感性。平均气温的正贡献率是引起ET₀变化的主导因子,其次是相对...     

广东省海丰县现代林业建设的几点建议

现代林业是当前林业建设的重点,建设现代林业就是要极力构建效益显著的生态体系、充满活力的产业和富有感染力的生态文化体系,不断满足人民群众对林业提供生态产品和物质产品等多样性的需求。就所在地区林业建设实际,立足现代林业建设理念,着眼建设人与自然和谐共处的宜居宜业环境,对现代林业发展模式进行有益的探求。     

维生素C废水厌氧处理生产运行的新技术研究

对生产规模上流式厌氧污泥过滤器处理维生素Ｃ废水的工艺流程和设备进行了合理的改革，以厌氧出水回流与高浓度废水混合稀释降低进水ＣＯＤ浓度，提高进水的总碱度，同时控制反应器水力负荷，从而提高了反应器的处理能力。     

An 8bp indel in exon 1 of Ghrelin gene associated with chicken growth

Ghrelin, acts as the endogenous ligand for growth hormone secretagogues receptor (GHS-R), is a novel growth hormone (GH) releasing peptide with reported effects on food intake in chickens. In this study, an 8 bp indel polymorphism in exon 1 of the chicken Ghrelin (cGHRL) gene was genotyped in a F(2) designed full-sib population to analyze its associations with chicken growth and carcass traits. Later, mRNA level in the proventriculus was determined by real-time PCR to reveal the expression feature of cGHRL gene. Result showed that this 8 bp indel was significantly associated with body weight at the age of 28 days (BW28) and 56 days (BW56), eviscerated weight (EW) and leg muscle weight (LMW) (P<0.05), highly significantly associated with hatch weight (HW), BW14, 21, 35, 42, 49, 90 and body length (BL), dressed weight (DW), eviscerated weight with giblet (EWG), wing weight (WW), breast muscle weight (BMW) and head and neck weight (HNW) (P<0.01). Meanwhile, A allele (with 'CTAACCTG') was positive for chicken growth as individuals with AA genotype had the highest value of all traits. Analysis on cGhrelin mRNA level revealed that it differed significantly among individuals with three genotypes (P<0.05). Individuals with AB genotype had the highest mRNA level, whereas that of AA had the lowest one. It was concluded that this 8 bp indel of cGHRL gene was significantly associated with most body weight and body composition traits, and negative effect of endogenous Ghrelin on chicken growth were indicated by this study.     

四川省凉山黑绵羊疫病防控现状及对策

凉山黑绵羊是我国十大优异畜禽遗传资源之一。通过问卷调查、实地调研和查阅资料等方式,发现近年来凉山黑绵羊产业得到了前所未有的发展,但疫病防控也面临着羊病流行情况复杂、免疫效果不佳、疫病监测预警能力弱等诸多短板,由此提出提高疫病综合防控能力和养殖户疫病防控意识,优化科学合理的免疫程序,加强监测预警能力建设,科学防治寄生虫病等防控策略,旨在提升凉山黑绵羊产业疫病防控能力,助力乡村振兴,保障国家核心畜禽种源安全。