Dissecting Genetic Basis of Deep Rooting in Dongxiang Wild Rice

Deep rooting is an important trait in rice drought resistance. Genetic resources of deep-rooting varieties are valuable in breeding of water-saving and drought-resistant rice. In the present study, 234 BC₂F₇ backcross introgression lines were derived from a cross of Dongye 80 (an accession of Dongxiang wild rice as the donor parent) and R974 (an indica restorer line as the recurrent parent). A genetic linkage map containing 1 977 bin markers was constructed by ddRADSeq for QTL analysis. Thirty-one QTLs for four root traits (the number of deep roots, the number of shallow roots, the total number of deep roots and the ratio of deep roots) were assessed on six rice chromosomes in two environments (2020 Shanghai and 2021 Hainan). Two of the QTLs, qDR5.1 and qTR5.2, were located on chromosome 5 in a 70-kb interval. They were detected in both environments. qDR5.1 explained 13.35% of the phenotypic variance in 2020 Shanghai and 12.01% of the phenotypic variance in 2021 Hainan. qTR5.2 accounted for 10.88% and 10.93% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. One QTL (qRDR2.2) for the ratio of deep roots was detected on chromosome 2 in a 210-kb interval and accounted for 6.72% of the phenotypic variance in 2020. The positive effects of these three QTLs were all from Dongxiang wild rice. Furthermore, nine and four putative candidate genes were identified in qRDR2.2 and qDR5.1/qTR5.2, respectively. These findings added to our knowledge of the genetic control of root traits in rice. In addition, this study will facilitate the future isolation of candidate genes of the deep-rooting trait and the utilization of Dongxiang wild rice in the improvement of rice drought resistance.     

油菜单倍体植株叶原生质体培养再生植株

以我校选育的９４５９１、３７３和９５３８６３个油菜品种的花粉植株为材料,切取其无菌试管苗幼嫩叶片,将其切成１－２ｍｍ细条游离原生质体。原生质体培养采用液体浅层培养,双层培养法,培养基为加有不同细胞分裂素,生长素和天然有机成分的ＭＳ液体培养液。     

基于无线传感器网络的精细农业智能节水灌溉系统(英）

在精细农业相关应用和理论研究基础上,自行设计用于监测农田水分含量和水层高度的无线传感器,构建农田水分无线传感器网络体系结构,设计基于水分无线传感器网络的智能节水灌溉控制系统,通过实时农田水分数据和农作物水分需求专家数据形成灌溉决策,由灌溉控制系统实施定量灌溉。实际应用表明,该系统体现出可行性和高效性,有利于精细农业的发展和水资源的可持续利用。     

灌溉效益分摊系数的数理统计分析方法

传统的灌溉效益分摊系数的计算公式中没有考虑随机因素和交互效应的影响,针对这一问题提出了相应的数理统计分析方法,并利用一组历史数据,计算了某一地区的灌溉效益分摊系数。     

玉米新品种选育与栽培技术分析

本文对玉米的新品种的选育和栽培进行分析,以沈育801 为例,分析了该玉米品种的选 育工作和高产栽培技术,为玉米的种植培育提供了一些理论知识,希望可以促进玉米的高产丰 收。     

有益元素对水稻种子萌发的生理效应

将水稻种子浸于从0到10mg·L-1不同浓度梯度的亚硒酸钠溶液中,对其生理指标进行测量可溶性糖含量、呼吸强度及发芽率等.结果表明在低浓度亚硒酸钠溶液浸种的前提下,亚硒酸钠对以上各项生理指标均有促进作用,而高浓度亚硒酸钠溶液浸种,表现出较大抑制作用,同时.由于植物体内复杂多样的同功酶系统的存在,在一定范围内对亚硒酸钠的毒害作用有某种程度的适应与调节能力.     

皖西南春棉田主要害虫和天敌种群时序动态格局

为探索直播春棉田害虫与其天敌之间的相互作用和竞争共存机制,采用直接观察法,系统研究了棉田主要害虫和天敌种群的时间动态变化,及其生态位宽度和生态位重叠值。研究结果表明,在直播春棉的不同生育期,棉田害虫和天敌的优势种不同。主要害虫和天敌的发生高峰期多集中在6—7月,而棉蚜高峰期在5月下旬,棉叶蝉高峰期在9月下旬。不同种群的时间生态位不同,害虫中棉盲蝽的生态位宽度最大,其次是棉铃虫,棉叶蝉和棉叶螨的生态位宽度较小;天敌中蜘蛛类天敌的生态位宽度最大,其次是小花蝽,黑襟毛瓢虫的生态位宽度最小。而黑襟毛瓢虫和瓢虫类天敌与棉蚜、棉叶螨生态位重叠度较大。因此,皖西南棉区直播春棉田可利用瓢虫类天敌抑制棉蚜和棉叶螨的危害,保护并利用好蜘蛛类天敌,需重点防治棉盲蝽和棉铃虫。     

The atomic structure of Mengo virus at 3.0 A resolution

The structure of Mengo virus, a representative member of the cardio picornaviruses, is substantially different from the structures of rhino- and polioviruses. The structure of Mengo virus was solved with the use of human rhinovirus 14 as an 8 A resolution structural approximation. Phase information was then extended to 3 A resolution by use of the icosahedral symmetry. This procedure gives promise that many other virus structures also can be determined without the use of the isomorphous replacement technique. Although the organization of the major capsid proteins VP1, VP2, and VP3 of Mengo virus is essentially the same as in rhino- and polioviruses, large insertions and deletions, mostly in VP1, radically alter the surface features. In particular, the putative receptor binding "canyon" of human rhinovirus 14 becomes a deep "pit" in Mengo virus because of polypeptide insertions in VP1 that fill part of the canyon. The minor capsid peptide, VP4, is completely internal in Mengo virus, but its association with the other capsid proteins is substantially different from that in rhino- or poliovirus. However, its carboxyl terminus is located at a position similar to that in human rhinovirus 14 and poliovirus, suggesting the same autocatalytic cleavage of VP0 to VP4 and VP2 takes place during assembly in all these picornaviruses.     

农田土壤湿度的人工神经网络预报模型研究

基于多层误差反传网络结构模型和一维时间序列拓展的方法,发展了一种新的旱季农田土壤湿度预报模式。该模式不公预报准确性高,而且不受中期降水预报准确性的影响。一般只要具备３８６以上的计算机条件即可进行工作,十分便于业务预报推广。