豇豆种质资源遗传多样性和亲缘关系的SRAP和SSR分析

为从分子水平上揭示豇豆种质资源间的亲缘关系,为其种质资源搜集、鉴定、利用和遗传改良提供一定的理论基础,利用SRAP和SSR分子标记对41份来自中国和马来西亚的豇豆种质资源进行遗传多样性研究。从65对SRAP引物和10对SSR引物中分别筛选获得稳定清晰且多态性强的31对SRAP引物和5对SSR引物,对41份栽培豇豆资源的DNA进行SRAP-PCR和SSR-PCR扩增。2种PCR扩增共获230条扩增条带,其中SRAP检测到196条扩增条带,平均每对引物扩增等位基因数为6.3条,多态性片段为161条,多态性比例为82.14%;SSR检测到34条带,平均每对引物扩增等位基因数6.8条,多肽性片段为25条,多态性比例为73.53%,表明本研究搜集的豇豆种质间的遗传多样性比较丰富。基于SRAP和SSR标记的结果,利用UPGMA构建了41份豇豆资源的聚类树状图,其遗传相似系数为0.1667~0.9516,大多在0.674以上。结果表明,SRAP和SSR分子标记能有效地将41份豇豆资源分开,且部分种质间的遗传距离较远,这为豇豆资源的开发利用及新品种的选育提供科学依据。

     

汽爆玉米秸秆同步糖化发酵产乙醇的工艺优化

该文对同步糖化发酵玉米秸秆生产纤维乙醇的工艺条件进行了研究,分别利用单因素试验和正交试验考察了影响发酵的工艺条件。结果显示：温度37℃、pH值4.8、底物15%（质量分数）、表面活性剂Tween-20 0.15%（质量分数）、纤维素酶用量30 U/g、酵母用2%的葡萄糖溶液活化,接种量5‰（相对底物干质量）、培养基的组成：KH2PO4 2.5 g/L,(NH4)2SO4 2.0 g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 0.15 g/L,CaCl2 0.35 g/L、发酵时间60 h为同步糖化发酵（SSF）生产乙醇的最优工艺条件,该条件下乙醇的体积分数为2.85%,乙醇得率达理论值的88.12%。     

Labile, recalcitrant, and microbial carbon and nitrogen pools of a tallgrass prairie soil in the US Great Plains subjected to experimental warming and clipping

Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fluxes are largely controlled by the small but highly bio-reactive, labile pools of these elements in terrestrial soils, while long-term C and N storage is determined by the long-lived recalcitrant fractions. Changes in the size of these pools and redistribution among them in response to global warming may considerably affect the long-term terrestrial C and N storage. However, such changes have not been carefully examined in field warming experiments. This study used sulfuric acid hydrolysis to quantify changes in labile and recalcitrant C and N fractions of soil in a tallgrass prairie ecosystem that had been continuously warmed with or without clipping for about 2.5 years. Warming significantly increased labile C and N fractions in the unclipped plots, resulting in increments of 373 mg C kg⁻¹ dry soil and 15 mg N kg⁻¹ dry soil, over this period whilst clipping significantly decreased such concentrations in the warmed plots. Warming also significantly increased soil microbial biomass C and N in the unclipped plots, and increased ratios of soil microbial/labile C and N, indicating an increase in microbial C- and N-use efficiency. Recalcitrant and total C and N contents were not significantly affected by warming. For all measured pools, only labile and microbial biomass C fractions showed significant interactions between warming and clipping, indicating the dependence of the warming effects on clipping. Our results suggest that increased soil labile and microbial C and N fractions likely resulted indirectly from warming increases in plant biomass input, which may be larger than warming-enhanced decomposition of labile organic compounds.     

生物质微米燃料富氧燃烧特性分析

采用热重分析法对生物质微米燃料在不同体积分数氧条件下的燃烧特性进行研究,结果表明:随着氧体积分数的增加,生物质微米燃料的挥发分初析出温度、着火温度和燃尽温度不断降低,可燃性增强;平均和最大质量损失速率呈增加趋势,提高了燃烧强度.燃烧特性指数随着氧体积分数的增加而变大,当氧体积分数达到60%后,改善趋势变缓.     

粗皮桉种源/家系的遗传变异

粗皮桉是生产锯材的潜力树种之一。对其进行了种源/家系早期选择试验，结果表明：2年生试验林的平均树高和胸径分别为7.69m和7.08cm，保存率为75.08%，且各指标在种源和家系水平上都存在极显著差异；树高的遗传力随树龄的增加而增大，2年生时树高和胸径的遗传力分别为26.3%和22.8%，用指数选择法选出17861等8个种批（平均树高7.82-7.93m，平均胸径6.99-7.38cm)和211等15个家系（平均树高7.80-9.43m，平均胸径8.00-8.69cm)为推荐的潜力优良材料。     

新植蔗施肥模式与宿根蔗产量及糖分关系的研究

本文研究了新植蔗不同施肥模式对宿根蔗的后续效应,旨在探讨新植蔗不同施肥模式下,宿根蔗产量和蔗糖分差异及其原因,为进一步优化甘蔗三高施肥模式提供理论依据。试验结果表明,在新植蔗不同施肥模式下,就模式间进行比较,宿根蔗蔗茎产量和收获株数存在显著差异,其规律与新植蔗的结果相一致;宿根蔗的株高在施肥情况下存在显著差异;宿根蔗茎径差异不显著;株高的变异系数存在明显差异,且施肥与否规律相同;生长中后期的叶片Ｎ含量存在明显差异,在施肥情况下差异更加明显;蔗汁锤度无显著差异;叶片Ｐ和Ｋ含量无明显差异。试验结果也表明,在新植蔗不同施肥模式下,宿根蔗施肥比不施肥,蔗茎产量和株数显著增加;叶片含Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ量明显增加;株高的变异系数明显较低;而其他性状则无明显的差异。分析试验结果可以看出,新植蔗不同施肥模式下宿根蔗产量的差异主要是由于株数、株高、叶片含氮量、株高整齐度的差异所致,宿根蔗的株数,乃至产量又与新植蔗的有效茎数有密切关系     

电喷雾萃取及电离质谱法分析大豆水提液快速鉴别种子活力

为快速评价大豆种子活力,该文以人工加速老化后的大豆种子为原料,采用电喷雾萃取电离质谱（extractive electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry,EESI-MS）直接检测不同活力大豆种子水提液,获得其正离子模式下指纹图谱,结合主成分分析（principal component analysis,PCA）、聚类分析（cluster analysis,CA）和判别分析（discriminant analysis, DA）,建立鉴别大豆种子活力的方法。结果表明,在正离子模式下,电喷雾萃取电离质谱结合多变量分析方法可以有效鉴别不同活力大豆种子。主成分分析提取了前3个主成分因子,累计贡献率达到94.80%,聚类分析和判别分析的正确率都为100%,对外部验证样本进行判别分析,正确率为95%。电喷雾萃取电离质谱能快速鉴别不同活力大豆种子,为种子活力检测提供了一种快速、准确、高效的新方法。     

乌鲁木齐河下游地区湖泊沉积物的粒度特征与沉积环境

根据乌鲁木齐河下游尾癌湖泊东道海子钻孔沉积物＾１４Ｃ年代和粒度分析,表明沉积物的粒度特征随着入湖水量的波动而发生有规律的变化。最近３０ｋａＢＰ以来该钻孔基本上处于比较稳定的湖泊沉积环境,说明东道海子至少有３万年的发育历史,这也说明古尔班通古特沙漠边缘地带的纵向沙垄具有相当程度的稳定性。最后几十年的湖泊变４干、环境退化过程主要是人类活动造成的。     

利用SSR和SRAP标记分析花椰菜自交系的遗传多样性

为选育优质花椰菜新品种,指导种质资源引进和利用,本研究采用简单重复序(simple sequence repeat,SSR)标记和相关序列扩增多态性(sequence-related amplified polymorphism,SRAP)标记对38份花椰菜自交系进行了遗传多样性分析,分别从48对SSR引物、48对SRAP引物中各筛选出4对有效引物。4对SSR引物扩增的总条带数为47个,多态性条带为39个,平均多态性比率达83.0%;4对SRAP引物扩增的总条带数为86个,多态性条带为51个,平均多态性比率为59.3%,该结果显示花椰菜自交系间具有较丰富的遗传多样性。UPGMA聚类分析揭示了花椰菜自交系的熟期与其遗传差异相关。     

Genetic analysis of ORF5 of recent Korean porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSVs) in viremic sera collected from MLV-vaccinating or non-vaccinating farms

The 23 open reading frame (ORF) 5 sequences of Korean type II porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) were collected from viremic sera from the (modified live vaccine) MLV-vaccinating and non-vaccinating farms from 2007 to 2008. The samples were phylogenetically analyzed with previous ORF5 sequences, including type I Korean PRRSV, and previously reported or collected sequences from 1997 to 2008. A MN184-like subgroup of type II Korean PRRSV was newly identified in the viremic sera collected from 2007 to 2008. And of the type I PRRSVs, one subgroup had 87.2~88.9% similarity with the Lelystad virus, showing a close relationship with the 27~2003 strain of Spain. The maximum parsimony tree of type II PRRSV from 1997 to 2008 showed that they had evolved to four lineages, subgroups 1, 2, 3 and 4. Most of the recently collected type II PRRSVs belonged to subgroup 4 (48%). The region of three B-cell epitopes and two T-cell epitopes of ORF5 amino acids sequences was considerably different from the MLV in subgroups 3 and 4. In conclusion, the existence of type I PRRSV, which was genetically different from Lelystad virus (Prototype of type I PRRSV), and heterologous type II PRRSVs of viremic pigs detected even in the MLV-vaccinating farms indicated the need for new vaccine approaches for the control of PRRSV in Korea.