番茄种子经卫星搭载后的变异初探

番茄种子经卫星搭载处理后，种子的发芽势（率）降低，植株生长势减弱，畸形花、畸形果的数量增加，经分析测定幼苗期叶绿素含量有所降低，过氧化物酶同工酶（ＰＯＤ）谱带发生了变异。植株群体中出现了新的变异株系。卫星搭载处理番茄种子为育种者提供了一种获得育种材料的有效方法。     

Effects of Single and Multifactor Treatments with Elevated Temperature,CO2 and Ozone on Oilseed Rape and Barley

We investigated the effect of elevated [CO₂], [O₃] and temperature on plant productivity and if these climate factors interacted with each other in multifactor treatments. The climate effects were studied in 14 different cultivars/lines of European spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Seven genotypes of each species were cultivated in six single‐ and multifactor treatments with ambient or elevated CO₂ (385 ppm and 700 ppm), O₃ (20 ppb and 60 ppb) and temperature (12/19 °C and 17/24 °C). Growth and production parameters were measured. Elevated CO₂ increased yield and biomass. Seed number increased by about 47 % in barley and by 26 % in oilseed rape, but in oilseed rape, the TSW was significantly decreased, possibly because of shortening of the seed filling period. Higher temperatures decreased yield and biomass significantly in both species. A significantly decreased yield and thousand grain weight was also seen in barley due to elevated O₃. The multifactor combination of elevated CO₂, O₃ and temperature showed a decrease in growth and production in the two species, though not statistically significant for all parameters. This trend suggests that the expected increase in the plant production in northern Europe, indicated by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as a consequence of increased [CO₂] and temperature, may not hold, due to interactions between these abiotic factors.     

Construction of synthetic immunogen: use of new T-helper epitope on malaria circumsporozoite protein

The circumsporozoite (CS) protein of Plasmodium falciparum is the focus of intense efforts to develop an antisporozoite malaria vaccine. Localization of sites for T-cell recognition on this molecule is critical for vaccine design. By using an algorithm designed to predict T-cell sites and a large panel of H-2 congenic mice, a major nonrepetitive T-cell site was located. When a synthetic peptide corresponding to this site was covalently linked to the major B-cell site on the molecule, an immunogen capable of eliciting a high-titer antibody response was formed. This peptide sequence could prime helper T cells for a secondary response to the intact CS protein. The new helper T-cell site is located outside the repetitive region of the CS protein and appears to be the immunodominant T site on the molecule. This approach should be useful in the rational design and construction of vaccines.     

泸州市蔬菜产业概况及发展对策

泸州市位于四川盆地南缘,是川、渝、滇、黔四省市交界处,属中亚热带湿润季风气候,冬无严寒、夏季湿热,雨量充沛,土质肥沃,是川南鱼米之乡。泸州蔬菜在四川占有重要地位,是四川省五大优势蔬菜产区之一的川南春提早、秋延后蔬菜栽培的生产区,具有较好的产业基础。为合理利用区域和气候上的优势,充分发展泸州蔬菜产业,提高竞争力,对其现状、问题进行了分析,并对今后的发展提出了相应的对策。     

Relative prevalence of upper respiratory tract obstructive disorders in two breeds of harness racehorses (185 cases: 1998-2006)

Reasons for performing study: Two genetically and phenotypically distinct horse breeds are used for harness racing in Scandinavia: the Standardbred (SB) and Coldblooded Trotter. These racehorses have identical environmental, management and racing conditions. Therefore, this study was undertaken to identify and compare the relative prevalence of upper respiratory tract (URT) obstructive disorders in these 2 breeds. Objectives: To determine whether these 2 phenotypically different breeds of harness racehorses have different predispositions for URT disorders. Methods: Retrospective study of 88 Norwegian Coldblooded Trotters (NCT) and 97 SBs referred to this hospital for URT evaluation between 1998 and 2006. Case records of all horses diagnosed with an URT disorder during resting endoscopy, and all horses undergoing high‐speed treadmill videoendoscopy (HSTV) with one or more periods of induced poll flexion were evaluated. The relative prevalence of URT disorders between the 2 breeds was analysed using a Fisher's exact test. Results: There was a significant (P<0.05) breed predisposition regarding 6 URT disorders. Bilateral dynamic laryngeal collapse associated with poll flexion and flaccid epiglottis was significantly more frequent in the NCT. Alar fold collapse and nasopharyngeal collapse were significantly more frequent in SBs. Epiglottic entrapment and nasal flutter were only diagnosed in the SBs. Dynamic disorders were more common than resting disorders in both breeds. Conclusion: URT obstructive disorders (dynamic laryngeal collapse associated with poll flexion, flaccid epiglottis, pharyngeal collapse, alar fold collapse, nasal flutter and epiglottic entrapment) are breed related, indicating an anatomic or functional cause. Periods of induced poll flexion during HSTV was essential to declare harness racehorses free of URT disorders. Potential relevance: Further anatomic or physiological studies comparing these breeds could potentially provide insight into the pathogenesis of certain URT obstructive disorders. Induced poll flexion should be included in routine HSTV examinations of all harness racehorses.     

Identification of lactoferrin and glutamate receptor‐interacting protein 1 in bovine cervical mucus: A putative marker for oestrous detection

Accurate detection of oestrus is important for artificial insemination. The aim of this study was to identify oestrous‐specific bovine cervical mucus proteins that could be used to determine the optimal time for artificial insemination. Non‐oestrous and controlled internal drug release (CIDR)‐induced oestrous‐stage mucus proteins were purified and subjected to surface‐enhanced laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and MALDI‐TOF/TOF. Among differentially expressed proteins, lactoferrin (LF) and glutamate receptor‐interacting protein 1 (GRIP1) showed a twofold increase during the CIDR‐induced oestrous stage compared to the levels in non‐oestrous stage in bovine cervical mucus. The RT‐PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry results showed that LF and GRIP1 expression was significantly increased during the oestrous stage in the uterus. This study demonstrated that bovine LF and GRIP1 exist during the oestrous stage, but not during the non‐oestrous stage, suggesting that cervical mucus LF and GRIP1 are useful oestrous detection markers in cattle.     

The effect of trematode infection on amphibian limb development and survivorship

The causes of amphibian deformities and their role in widespread amphibian declines remain conjectural. Severe limb abnormalities were induced at high frequencies in Pacific treefrogs (Hyla regilla) exposed to cercariae of a trematode parasite (Ribeiroia sp.). The abnormalities closely matched those observed at field sites, and an increase in parasite density caused an increase in abnormality frequency and a decline in tadpole survivorship. These findings call for further investigation of parasite infection as a cause of amphibian deformities in other sites and species.