红花刺槐茎段组织培养研究

红花刺槐为刺槐的变型,其组织培养至今尚未见报道。为提高红花刺槐的繁殖系数,进行了红花刺槐茎段外植体诱导成活、初代培养基和继代培养基以及生根培养基的筛选试验,并对愈伤组织成苗进行了探索。结果表明当年生枝条茎段组织培养春天比秋天成活率高,绿色致密的愈伤组织能够成苗。初代培养以SH为基本培养基为好,继代培养以B5为基本培养基为好,生根培养以1/2MS为基本培养基为好,繁殖系数达每芽30天4.7株,生根率为84.4%。表7参22。     

景观工程施工技术初探

随着人们生活水平的提高,人们对于居住环境及景观空间的要求也越来越高。景观工程施工作为景观空间营造的关键环节,施工质量的好坏影响到后期使用及景观效果。本文笔者在多年工程施工经验积累的基础上,精心总结,按照景观工程施工的先后顺序（工序）撰写成文,并着重指出各阶段工程施工的技术要点以及注意事项,积极探索技术方法以求高效完成景观工程施工各环节工作任务。     

河北零叶蝉的研究

河北零叶蝉系一新种，是吸食柿树叶片汁液的害虫。分布河北、安徽。此虫在河北西部山区１年发生２代或３代，以卵在柿树当年生小枝皮层内越冬。在大发生地区，可用４０％氧化乐果喷冠、涂干或干基钻孔挂瓶输药进行化学防治。天敌有日本高姬蝽、红点平盲蝽、紫斑突额盲蝽、碎斑平盲蝽等。     

组合式分娩栏对母猪活动和躺卧的影响

为了研究不同型式分娩哺育栏对母猪行为的影响,该试验设计了组合式分娩哺育栏,并进行了饲养试验,同时与普通矩形分娩哺育栏进行了比较。分别记录母猪在哺乳期的采食量以及仔猪的日增质量。在母猪哺乳期的第9、11、14、18天,采用监控设备对8头母猪的行为进行了录像。试验结果表明：组合式和矩形分娩哺育栏内母猪的站立时间分别占各种行为发生时间的22.74%和6.73%,坐立时间分别占2.22%和7.72%,躺卧行为分别占72.50%和84.55%,组合式分娩哺育栏内母猪走动时间占1.13%,矩形分娩哺乳栏内母猪不发生走动行为。组合式分娩哺育栏组母猪的姿势转换次数高于矩形分娩哺育栏组,每天平均数分别为99次和53次。组合式分娩哺育栏组和矩形分娩哺育栏组每头母猪的采食量分别为5.92 kg/d和5.24 kg/d,仔猪日增质量分别为229.93 g/d和224.85 g/d。组合式分娩哺育栏增加了母猪的活动空间,减少了对母猪身体的限制,母猪可以自由的表达各种行为,母猪的活动量增加,提高了母猪的福利状况,母猪的采食量和仔猪的日增质量因此而得到提高,提高了母猪的生产性能。     

Rhizospheric and heterotrophic respiration of a warm-temperate oak chronosequence in China

Plot trenching and root decomposition experiments were conducted in a warm-temperate oak chronosequence (40-year-old, 48-year-old, 80-year-old, and 143-year-old) in China. We partitioned total soil surface CO₂ efflux (R_S) into heterotrophic (R_H) and rhizospheric (R_R) components across the growing season of 2009. We found that the temporal variation of R_R and R_H can be well explained by soil temperature (T₅) at 5 cm depth using exponential equations for all forests. However, R_R of 40-year-old and 48-year-old forests peaked in September, while their T₅ peaks occurred in August. R_R of 80-year-old and 143-year-old forests showed a similar pattern to T₅. The contribution of R_R to R_S (RC) of 40-year-old and 48-year-old forests presented a second peak in September. Seasonal variation of R_R may be accounted for by the different successional stages. Cumulative R_H and R_R during the growing season varied with forest age. The estimated R_H values for 40-year-old, 48-year-old, 80-year-old and 143-year-old forests averaged 431.72, 452.02, 484.62 and 678.93 g C m⁻², respectively, while the corresponding values of R_R averaged 191.94, 206.51, 321.13 and 153.03 g C m⁻². The estimated RC increased from 30.78% in the 40-year-old forest to 39.85% in the 80-year-old forest and then declined to 18.39% in the 143-year-old forest. We found soil organic carbon (SOC), especially the light fraction organic carbon (LFOC), stock at 0-10 cm soil depth correlated well with R_H. There was no significant relationship between R_R and fine root biomass regardless of stand age. Measured apparent temperature sensitivity (Q₁₀) of R_H (3.93 ± 0.27) was significantly higher than that of R_R (2.78 ± 0.73). Capillary porosity decreased as stand age increased and it was negatively correlated to cumulative R_S. Our results emphasize the importance of partitioning soil respiration in evaluating the stand age effect on soil respiration and its significance to future model construction.     

半干旱地区海涂海水灌溉对不同品系菊芋产量构成及离子分布的影响

在半干旱海涂以不同品系菊芋（Helianthus tuberosusL．）为材料进行田间试验，研究了海水灌溉对不同品系菊芋产量构成及离子分布的影响。结果表明：（1）南芋2号根和地上部生物量较其他品系大，南芋5号和南芋3号株高在各浓度海水灌溉下均显著高于其他菊芋品系，而茎粗在各处理下变化不一致，在30％海水灌溉下，南芋1号根和地上部物质积累未受到抑制作用，其他各品系菊芋的根和地上部物质积累受到了一定抑制。（2）各菊芋品系块茎产量差异较显著，在30％海水灌溉下，南芋2号产量显著高于其他品系，各菊芋品系块茎单重在各处理下差异也较显著，南芋1号和2号块茎单重最大，各菊芋品系块茎总糖和菊糖含量差异较显著。（3）随海水浓度的增加，各品系菊芋根、茎和叶的C1-和Na^＋含量均增加，但品系间差异较显著，叶片的Na’含量显著低于根和茎的Na’含量。从生物积累量和块茎产量、总糖和菊糖含量及离子分布看，南芋1号和南芋2号较其他品系更适合在半干旱海涂利用适当浓度海水进行灌溉种植。     

提水泵站空流段流量配合问题探讨

通过对水泵性能差异引起的水泵出水量的变化分析,提出了调节级间流量差的小机组流量的确定方法,解决了多级提水泵站空流段的级间流量配合问题。     

Analysis of 18S rRNA gene of Octostigma sinensis (Projapygoidea: Octostigmatidae) supports the monophyly of Diplura

The phylogenetic position of Diplura within Hexapoda has been controversial. There are three major lineages in Diplura: Campodeoidea, Projapygoidea, and Japygoidea. However, most of the previous studies were restricted to Campodeoidea and Japygoidea. Until now, only preliminary morphological study on Projapygoidea was reported, and no sequence data from Projapygoidea was available. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the phylogenetic position of Octostigmatidae, one of the three families of Projapygoidea, in Diplura and to test if Diplura are monophyletic. The complete 18S rRNA gene sequences of Octostigma sinensis (Projapygoidea: Octostigmatidae) from subtropical China, together with representative species of Campodeoidea and Japygoidea, and several species of Protura and Collembola were analyzed. The phylogenetic trees were obtained by different methods (neighbor-joining, maximum parsimony, and maximum likelihood) with a chelicerate species as outgroup. Our results suggested that Octostigma was closer to the genus Parajapyx (Japygoidea: Parajapygidae) than to the representative genus of Campodeidae (Campodeoidea). All phylogenetic trees supported the monophyly of Diplura.     

吉林省半干旱地区种植机械化生产工艺的改革与试验

阐述了吉林省半干旱地区种植机械化生产工艺改革的依据与特点,介绍了耕整地联合作业机和镇压式抗旱播种机性能与结构设计的原则和成果,并报导了施肥对播种出苗的影响、深松与镇压对种床土壤墒情的影响等。     

湖南绿色食品产业发展现状·问题与对策

对湖南绿色食品产业发展中存在的问题进行了分析,认为湖南的绿色食品存在总量偏少、结构单一、加工能力较弱、区域发展不平衡等不足,提出通过加大政府支持力度、发展绿色食品支持性产业以及加快食品加工业发展等对策,推动湖南绿色食品产业的发展。