Fine Mapping of QTLs for Stigma Exsertion Rate from Oryza glaberrima by Chromosome Segment Substitution

Stigma exsertion is an important trait for outcrossing ability in rice. Stigma exsertion rate (SER) of male sterile lines (MSLs) is a key factor affecting F₁-seed production in hybrid rice. In this study, seven QTLs for SER were detected on five chromosomes using a set of single-segment substitution lines (SSSLs) derived from O. glaberrima. Three of the QTLs were mapped in the estimated intervals of 92.5–333.0 kb. qSER-5 was located in a substitution segment of 92.5 kb. qSER-1b and qSER-8b were respectively limited to 333.0 kb and 107.5 kb by secondary substitution mapping. qSER-1b and qSER-3 had bigger additive effects of 11.5% and 11.9%, respectively, while the other five QTLs had smaller additive effects from 5.7% to 8.6%. Open reading frames were identified in the regions of qSER-5 and qSER-8b in O. sativa and O. glaberrima genomes. Fine mapping of the QTLs laid a foundation for the cloning of genes, and QTLs for SER will be used to develop MSLs with strong ability of outcrossing.     

大豆高光效,高产近等位基因系形态及生理验证

本文通过对大豆品系哈９６－４２５１,哈９６－４２６１形态及生理特征分析,发现二者具有相同的增产潜力和较高的单叶光合速率,同时二者的干物质分配,糖代谢和光合生理参数表现出相同或相似值或趋势。因此,我们推断哈９６－４２５１,哈９６－４２６１为近等位基因系。它们是我们目前实现“九五”超高产目标最佳的构筑理想波浪冠层群体材料之一。     

Boll size affects the insecticidal protein content in Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) transgenic cotton has been planting in large-scale for more than 10 years in China. It was observed that resistance to bollworm was reduced with the application of big-boll cultivars in China. The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of boll size on the contents of CryIA insecticidal protein in boll shell and cotton seed during the course of boll development. Two experiments were conducted at the Yangzhou University Farm, Yangzhou, China. In 2004, three cultivars including Sikang 1 (small-boll), Xiangza 3 (medium-boll) and Kemian 3 (big-boll) were compared for boll shell volume and 100-seed weight from 10 to 40 days after flowering (DAF), and insecticidal protein contents in boll shell and cotton seed from 10 to 50 DAF. As expected, the differences between cultivars were significant for all the four characteristics. Cultivars with bigger boll shell volume had higher 100-seed weight but lower insecticidal protein contents in both of the boll shell and cotton seed. The correlation between boll size and boll insecticidal protein content was negative (−0.653). The correlation between 100-seed weight and cotton seed insecticidal protein content was significantly negative (−0.645). In 2005, leaf cut (LC) and square removal (SR) treatments were applied to Sikang 1 and Sikang 3. The boll shell volume and 100-seed weight were decreased by LR, but increased by SR. LC significantly enhanced and SR significantly reduced the insecticidal protein contents of boll shell and cotton seed. The correlation between boll size and boll insecticidal protein content (−0.870) and the correlation between 100-seed weight and cotton seed insecticidal protein content were both highly significant and negative (−0.841). Therefore, the results of the study indicated that the boll insecticidal protein content was significantly affected by boll size. The implications of the observed results in breeding, cultural practices and pest management were discussed.     

小鼠脑组织高能X射线照射后K+、Na+、Ca2+、LDH的变化

以１５０Ｇｙ高能Ｘ射线１次或分２次（每次７５Ｇｙ,间隔２４ｈ）照射小鼠全脑,１周后处死小鼠,立即取出全脑称重（湿重）后测定。结果,１次与分２次照射,对脑组织靶区产生相同的放射生物学效应,即引起脑组织乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）活性和Ｎａ＋、Ｃａ２＋含量明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）,Ｋ＋含量下降（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

IRMS as a tool to obtain the carbon turnover (δ13C) in organs of weaned piglets fed glutamic acid and nucleotides

Early weaning of piglets causes stress characterized by a decrease in feed intake followed by a decline in growth rates; thus, a fast recovery represents an essential step for proper growth of these animals. Considering that IRMS is a potential tool for non‐destructive sampling and the fact that it provides time‐integrated estimate of assimilated and not just ingested nutrients turned possible its application to evaluate the effects of dietary nucleotides and glutamate on carbon turnover (δ¹³C) in organs of weanling piglets. At day 0, three piglets were slaughtered (prior to diet switch), the remaining eighty‐four piglets weaned at 21‐day‐old were randomly assigned in a complete block design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments (two Nu levels: 0 and 0.1% and two Glu levels: 0 and 1%), being three piglets per treatment slaughtered on trial days 3, 6, 9, 14, 21, 35 and 49. The samples were analysed by IRMS and adjusted to first‐order equation by a non‐linear regression analysis using NLIN of SAS, in order to establish exponential graphics. After that, the turnover data were submitted to analysis of variance using GLM of SAS. The turnover value (t_95%) verified for spleen was faster (p < 0.05) when glutamate was supplemented in diets. For pancreas and liver, the turnover rates were faster (p < 0.05) for the mixture of additives. However, for renal tissue, the turnover rate (t_95%) was greater (p < 0.05) for the free additive diet. The results obtained suggest that the mixture of additives was more efficient to develop the digestive tract at post‐weaning phase, taking into account the functional importance of pancreas and liver for nutrients’ digestion and processing.     

光周期对大豆杂交F2群体变异的影响及广适应性种质选育的研究

采用不同光照反应类型的大豆品种进行杂交，对其Ｆ２代进行光照诱导，研究短光照对大豆杂交Ｆ２代谢体变异的影响，并通过杂交育种等手段选育光钝感大豆新种质。试验结果表明，不同类型的杂交组合在Ｆ２代进行短光照处理后，其群体的变异明显不同，双亲均为不敏感的组合Ｃ１，基Ｖｅ－Ｒ１的天数、株高和主茎节数处理与对照相比差异不大，而亲本之一为光照敏感材料的组合Ｃ２和Ｃ３却表现出差异很大；选育出哈９１－７１１６，哈９２     

两种国兰MADS-box家族B类基因PI/GLO的克隆与时空表达特性分析

为了挖掘国兰PISTILLATA/GLOBOSA（PI/GLO）基因的功能,利用生物信息学方法对两种国兰PI/GLO进行鉴定分析,并利用实时荧光定量的方法对其表达模式进行分析。结果表明,所克隆的两个 PI/GLO均为MIKC型MADS-box基因,均有保守的MADS区和相对保守的K区,且与春兰（AD158461.1）同源性较高,分别为98%、99%。两个基因的登录号为：MW654194,MW654193。RT-qPCR试验分析得出, CfPI1 在蕙兰各组织器官中的相对表达丰度顺次为：花萼>花瓣>唇瓣>花蕾>子房>盛花期花葶>合蕊柱, CsPI1 在墨兰中的相对表达丰度顺次为：花瓣>唇瓣>花蕾>花萼>合蕊柱>子房。两个基因均在盛花期的表达远远高于花蕾期和营养生长期,且主要参与花器官的生长发育。     

大豆杂种后代的子粒性状遗传

本文应用不同花色、粒形、粒重和脐色的48个品种配制成24个杂交组合,研究其后代子粒性状的遗传特征。结果表明,近圆形×椭圆形,其F_1代为椭圆形,粒形指数和百粒重略高于中亲值;双亲花色相同而脐色不同的组合,无色脐×褐脐(或无色脐),F_1代均为无色脐,无色脐为显性,褐脐为隐性,其F_2代无色脐和褐脐的分离比例为3:1;双亲花色不同而种脐均无色的组合,F_1代为无色脐或蓝脐,蓝脐主要是白花亲本携带R基因所致,其F_2代蓝脐与无色脐的分离比例为9:7。种皮光泽度不同的品种杂交,F_1代种皮光泽度介于双亲中间,无显隐性之分。     

蓬蘽叶中茶多酚的微波提取

以蓬藁叶为原料,采用乙醇作为提取溶剂,通过正交试验,探讨在微波辐射下微波功率、溶剂浓度、料液比、提取时间和提取级数对茶多酚提取率的影响,获得从篷蘽叶中提取茶多酚的最佳工艺条件.结果表明,微波辅助法从蓬蘽叶中提取茶多酚的适宜工艺条件为:蓬蘽叶在40%乙醇溶液中料液比(W:V)1:10,提取功率320 W,提取时间60 s,微波浸提2次,此条件下茶多酚提取率为88.78%.     

计算机病毒的概述

介绍网络中的计算机病毒,如邮件病毒、蠕虫和木马的特点与其它类病毒的区别和联系,同时根据当前计算机病毒发展的趋势,提出了一些防治建议。