香菇多糖提取纯化研究

用0.2mol/L三氯乙酸、0.2mol/L氢氧化钠、1.0mol/L乙酸、蒸馏水为提取溶剂,结合超声波处理等方法从香菇子实体中提取香菇多糖,提取液经甲醇除杂、沉淀处理得粗多糖。粗多糖用CTAB络合沉淀,沉淀物乙酸溶解后取上清再用甲醇沉淀,沉淀物冻干得纯化多糖。分析检测结果显示干香菇三氯乙酸提取的纯化多糖的含量高达93.1%、提取得率达0.324%。薄层分析表明,纯化香菇多糖由葡萄糖、甘露糖、半乳糖、木糖组成。纯化多糖用Sephadex G-100凝胶层析,洗脱液经苯酚-硫酸法检测为单一吸收峰,红外光谱显示其具有多糖类的特征吸收峰。     

微量元素锌在金针菇培养中的应用研究

采用单因素完全随机设计，于金针菇培养期间用不同浓度的硫酸锌溶液对培养料进行处理，研究微量元素锌对金针菇的茵丝生长、子实体产量及其多糖含量、富锌量等的影响。试验结果表明：0．1～100mg／L的硫酸锌处理对茵丝生长均有促进作用，以10mg／L处理的茵丝生长速度最快；10mg／L和100mg／L的硫酸锌处理对子实体具有明显的增产效果；不同浓度的硫酸锌溶液处理均可提高金针菇子实体多糖及其富锌量，以100mg／L处理的多糖含量最高、富锌量最大。采用不同浓度的硫酸锌溶液对培养料进行处理时浓度以100mg／L为佳。     

未来的人居建筑及其设计策略

本文研究了未来的人居建筑的发展趋势及其3个主要特点，即智能型、有机性和生态化。并且从建筑师的角度提出了相应的设计策略。     

亚麻屑刨花板生产线工艺设计特点

本文以１．００万ｍ＾３／ａ的生产规模为例，介绍亚麻屑刨花板生产线的工艺特点和设备选型。     

THE QUICK DETERMINATION METHOD OF RESIN CONTENT IN LARCH WOOD

The resin content in larch wood is usually determined by the traditionalBenzene-Alcohol Extract Method(BAEM).In order to meet the requirement of production prac-tice,the authors present two simple quick determination methods,IR lamp method and hydrogenperoxide solution method.Compared with the results of traditional method,the results of newmethods are nearly the same as former,therefore,both two methods can reflect the change condi-tion of resin content in wood.     

In vitro plantlet formation from embryonic explants of eastern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.)

A protocol is described for the in vitro production of plantlets from embryonic explants of eastern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.). Bud induction was optimal when embryonic explants were cultured for 20-25 days on half-strength Quoirin and Le Poivre mineral salts containing equimolar concentrations (10(-6) M) of N(6)-benzyladenine and 2-isopentyl adenine. Bud development was achieved in phytohormone-free medium in the presence of activated charcoal. Maximal shoot elongation occurred on half-strength Quoirin and Le Poivre salts, whereas shoot multiplication was optimal on half-strength Bornman's MCM salts in the presence of cytokinin. Hardened shoots, dipped in commercial rooting powder containing indole-3-butyric acid, rooted optimally in mist under non-sterile greenhouse conditions. Both rooting and subsequent plantlet growth was best when Redi-Earth((R)) was used as a substrate. Over 250 plantlets per embryo can be produced annually by this technique.     

Carbon return and dynamics of litterfall in natural forest and monoculture plantation of Castanopsis kawakamii in subtropical China

The amount of carbon returned through litterfall and its seasonal pattern were studied in a natural forest of Castanopsis kawakamii (NF) and adjacent monoculture plantations of C. kawakamii (CK) and Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) (CF) in Sanming, Fujian Province, China. Mean annual carbon return through total litterfall over 3 years (from 1999 to 2001) was 5.097 t·hm⁻² in the NF, 4.337 t·hm⁻² in the CK and 2.502 t·hm⁻² in the CF respectively. Of the total carbon return in the three forests, leaf contribution accounted for 58.96%, 68.53% and 56.12% and twig 24.41%, 22.34% and 26.18%, respectively. The seasonal patterns of carbon return from total litterfall and leaf-litter were quite similar among the three forests. A peak of carbon input from litterfall in the NF and the CK occurred in spring except for the highest annual C return through branch litter of the NF in summer, while the CF showed the maximum C return in summer. The results of this study demonstrate that the natural forest has a greater C return through litterfall than monoculture plantations, which is beneficial to the increase of soil organic matter storage and the maintenance of soil fertility. [Supported by the Teaching and Research Award Program of MOE P.R.C. (TRAPOYT) and the Key Basic Research Project of Fujian Province (2000F004)]     

泡桐木材仿红木染色工艺的研究

对家具贴面用单板进行染色试验，通过正交方法就木材染色主要因素ＮａＣｌ、乙酸、染料浓度等和它们之间的交互作用对染色单板色差的影响进行了系统地研究。泡桐单板仿红木色最佳染色工艺参数是ＮａＣｌ浓度１．５％、染料浓度０．５％、乙酸浓度２％、渗透剂浓度０．１％、染色温度９０℃和染色时间４ｈ。     

Influence of Ammoniacal Copper Quaternary treatments on mechanical properties of blue-stained Lodgepole Pine wood

Three concentrations （2.8%, 2.0%, 1.2%） of Ammoniacal Copper Quaternary （ACQ） was selected to treat Lodgepole pine wood for evaluating ACQ treatment on mechanical properties of blue-stained wood. The bending modules of elasticity （MOE）, modules of rupture （MOR）, toughness and shearing strength parallel to grain on tangential surface, are tested according to the criteria GB1927-1943-91. Non-treated sample were also tested according to the same procedure. The results showed that the three groups specimen impregnated by different concentrations of ACQ solution met the AWPA standard 2003 of America （UC4A 6.4g/cm^3）. There were significant difference of toughness between treated wood and non-treated wood （p=0.01）, but there were no statistically significant differences among three concentrations in terms of toughness, and toughness of treated wood was approximately 20% lower than non-treated. MOR, MOE as well as sheafing strength parallel to grain were found to be not significantly different between treated wood and non-treated one, and there were no statistically significant difference among three concentrations of ACQ too. Toughness, MOR, MOE and sheafing strength parallel to grain increased with decrease of concentration of ACQ, but they were hardly affected by ACQ preservatives.     

ＦＲ—１、ＦＲ—２及ＰＦ树脂对木材阻燃、防腐、尺寸稳定等效果的研究

功能性改良药剂ＦＲ－１、ＦＲ－２及ＰＦ树脂处理马尾松、毛白杨后对木材阻燃、防腐、尺寸稳定及ＭＯＥ／ＭＯＲ的研究结果表明，ＦＲ－１处理的马尾松吸药量为３４．５kg/m^3时，氧指数可达６１％。ＦＲ－１处理的马尾松、毛白杨达到阻燃标准时，其用药理根据板材的厚度进行了初步确定，剂量范围为３０－９０kg/m^3。ＦＲ－１及ＦＲ－２在达到阻燃用药量的同时，处理后的马尾松、毛白杨耐腐试验的重量损失率小于或按拉１０％。ＦＲ－１处理的马尾松、毛白杨、吸药量分别为７５．６及９３．５kg/m^3时，吸水至饱和时，木材抗湿胀率（antiswelling ef-ficacy,ASE)分别为３０％、４６％；ＰＦ树脂处理的马尾松、毛白杨 、吸药量分别为７９．０％、６３．８kg/m^3时，ＡＳＥ分别为４６．２％、４１．４％。各处理对抗弯弹性模具（ＭＯＥ）影响为，ＦＲ－１处理的马尾松，ＭＯＥ差异不明显，ＦＲ－１处理的毛白杨，ＭＯＥ增加幅度为６．１％，ＰＦ树脂处理的马尾松，毛白杨、ＭＯＥ增加幅度分别为１０．６％及１７．９％。ＦＲ－１处理的马尾松、毛白杨对抗弯强度（ＭＯＲ）影响不明显。