草鱼肾组织细胞系CIK的建立及其生物学特性

作者于1982年1月开始进行草鱼肾组织单层细胞培养，至今已连续培养32个月，传至120多代，建立了细胞系，定名为草鱼肾组织细胞系(CIK)。本文介绍了原代和传代培养、细胞形态、细胞生长速度和分裂指数、细胞的保存和对温度的适应性、细胞染色体分析以及细胞系对病毒敏感性的试验和研究结果。CIK生长迅速、适应性强、以20℃-38℃生长较好，28℃左右生长稳定，pH为6．5时仍能保持致密单层，染色体数为非整倍体，众数为55。对草鱼出血病左右病毒FRV具敏感性。     

海产食品中药理活性成分研究进展

对近几年来海洋水产食品中抗肿瘤、抗菌抗病毒、抗溃疡、抗心血管疾病等方面的活性物质的研究进行了综述，旨在为水产品的开发和综合利用提供帮助。     

中国对虾皮下及造血组织坏死杆状病毒（HHNBV）DNA探针的制备及应用

ＨＨＮＢＶ是１９９３年中国对虾暴发性流行病的主要病原之一。从纯化的病毒中提取ＤＮＡ，用ＥｃｏＲｌ限制性内切酶酶切成ＤＮＡ片段，与ＰＵＣ１８体外重组，建立ＨＨＮＢＶＤＮＡ文库。从中筛选出三个重组质粒（５＃、８＃、９＃），它们所插入的片段大小分别为：２．８Ｋｂ、０．８Ｋｂ、１．６Ｋｂ，它们分别用光敏生物素标记成探针，与感染ＨＨＮＢＶ的病虾ＤＮＡ呈阳性反应，以此利用制备的ＨＨＮＢＶＤＮＡ探针的高敏感性和特异性来检测虾病。     

Replacement of fish meal by meat and bone meal in diets for large yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena crocea

A growth experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of replacement of fish meal (FM) by meat and bone meal (MBM) in diets on the growth and body composition of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea). Six isonitrogenous (43% crude protein) and isoenergetic (20 kJ g^− 1) diets replacing 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75% FM protein by MBM protein were formulated. Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of fish in sea floating cages (1.0 × 1.0 × 1.5 m), and each cage was stocked with 180 fish (initial average weight of 1.88 ± 0.02 g). Fish were fed twice daily (05:00 and 17:30) to apparent satiation for 8 weeks. The water temperature ranged from 26.5 to 32.5 °C, salinity from 32 to 36‰, and dissolved oxygen content was approximately 7 mg l^− 1 during the experimental period. Survival decreased with increasing dietary MBM and the survival in the fish fed the diet with 75% protein from MBM was significantly lower than other groups (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in specific growth rate (SGR) among the fish fed the diets with 0 (the control group), 15, 30 and 45% protein from MBM. However, SGR in the fish fed the diets with 60 and 75% protein from MBM were significantly lower than other groups (P < 0.05). No significant differences in feeding rate were observed among dietary treatments. The digestibility experiment showed that the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter, protein, lipid and energy of MBM were significantly lower compared with those of FM (P < 0.05). Essential amino acid index was found to be correlated positively with SGR in the present study, suggesting that essential amino acid balance was important. Body composition analysis showed that the carcass protein and essential amino acids were not significantly affected by dietary MBM. The lipid and n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid (n-3 HUFA) in fish muscle, however, significantly decreased with increasing dietary MBM. These results showed that 45% of FM protein could be replaced by MBM protein in diets of large yellow croaker without significantly reducing growth. It was suggested that the reduced growth with higher MBM was due to lower digestibility and imbalance of essential amino acids.     

生物技术对鱼类养殖的潜在影响

随着科学技术的发展,除了传统的生物技术之外,分子技术的应用已经为提高世界水产养殖品种产量开辟了另一条途径.基因组信息库的增长,极大地提高了科技工作者对确认一些表现型基因的能力.转基因技术和目前尖端的技术：诸如DNA芯片技术、高分辨力的二维凝胶技术和高灵敏度的质谱仪等技术的发展联系起来,向水产养殖工作者展现出了一片美好的前景：包括生长率和经济效益的增加、抗病能力和抗冻能力的提高、养殖品种种质的改善以及通过改变它们的基因组成而创造出新的不同的品种.讨论了与功能基因组领域相关的技术以及它们在水产养殖领域中的应用.     

显微注射生长激素基因导入中国对虾（Penaeus chinensis）受精卵的研究

本实验采用显微微量注射方法，交羊生长激素基因导入中轻地虾受精卵，受精卵发育到蚤状幼体第三期后采样检测。ＰＣＲ检测结果表明：７个样品共９３尾幼体，有３个样品呈出阳性信号，基因转移比率至少在３％以上。同时斑点杂交结果也证明有两个明显阳性斑点。     

水温对不同规格细鳞鲑摄食和生长的影响

为探讨水温对不同规格细鳞鲑(Brachymystax lenok)摄食和生长的影响,采用自制饲料在不同温度(6℃、10℃、14℃、18℃和22℃)下对小(7 g)、中(68 g)、大(169 g)三种规格的细鳞鲑进行饲养实验。研究结果表明,小规格细鳞鲑在18℃时获得最大摄食率,中规格细鳞鲑在14℃和18℃获得最大摄食率,而大规格细鳞鲑在14℃时获得最大摄食率(P0.05)。小、中规格细鳞鲑在14℃和18℃时的特定生长率最高,而大规格细鳞鲑特定生长率在14℃时有最大值(P0.05)。相同水温条件下,细鳞鲑的最大摄食率随体重的增加而增加,特定生长率随体重的增加而降低,鱼体能值随体重的增加而升高。多元回归分析显示,水温和体重对细鳞鲑最大摄食率(C_(max))的影响可以用下式模拟:lnC_(max)=–6.8282+1.1603ln W+0.3729T–0.0095T~2–0.0157Tln W;水温和体重对细鳞鲑湿重特定生长率(SGR_w,%/d)的影响可用下式拟合:ln SGRw=–1.9390–0.2184ln W+0.4376T–0.0147T~2,水温和体重对细鳞鲑能值E_t(k J/fish)的影响可用如下方程进行较好拟合:ln Et=1.0012+1.2070ln W–0.0002T~2–0.0021Tln W。逐步回归分析表明,水温和体重对细鳞鲑最大摄食率和鱼体能值的影响存在显著的交互作用(P0.05),而对湿重特定生长率的影响不存在交互作用(P0.05)。综合上述研究结果可以认为细鳞鲑养殖的适宜水温范围是14~18℃。     

氟苯尼考对脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)免疫和抗氧化功能的影响

为研究氟苯尼考对脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)免疫和抗氧化功能的影响,以低、中、高(10、20和40 mg/kg·BW)3种剂量氟苯尼考药饵连续投喂脊尾白虾5d,对照组投喂基础饲料.于停止投喂药饵后的第3、6、12、24、48、96、168和240 h取血淋巴,测定血蓝蛋白(HEM)含量、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)等指标的变化情况.结果显示,低、中剂量组HEM含量均在3h时间点显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),高剂量组在3-48 h显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);低、中剂量组ACP活性在3h和6h显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),高剂量组在3-168 h显著低于其他3组(P＜0.05);低、中剂量组AKP活性在3h均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),6-48 h显著低于对照组(P＜0.05),高剂量组在3-48 h显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);低、中剂量组T-SOD活性整体高于对照组,分别在6h和24 h达到最高值(P＜0.05),高剂量组在24 h和48 h显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);低、中、高剂量组CAT活性均在3h和6h显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),之后在12-96 h显著低于对照组(P＜0.05),于24 h达到最低值(P＜0.05);低、中、高剂量组T-AOC活性均在3-96 h显著低于对照组(P＜0.05),于48 h达到最低值(P＜0.05),且出现剂量效应.本研究结果为氟苯尼考在海水养殖生产中使用的安全评估提供了数据支持.     

盐碱地鱼池中病原体小土栖藻的防治

我国于70年代中,就开始了对小土栖藻(又名小三毛金藻)的防治研究。大连水产专科学校(1974)报道了小三毛金藻在我国的出现和防治,以后勾维民等(1983)、刘茂春等(1983)、何志辉(1985)、李永函等(1958)、张万达(1990)陆续报道了该害藻的分布和防治。但是,至此小土栖藻的防治技术还带有一定的偶然性和经验性,不能解决生产上的根本问题。本报道,查明了铵氮和小土栖藻消长的关系,指出了非离子氨杀灭小土栖藻的作用和有效含量,提出了一套较完整的预防和治疗方法。使该项研究取得明显的进展和突破。     

Apparent digestibility coefficients of animal and plant feed ingredients for juvenile Pseudobagrus ussuriensis

A study was conducted to determine apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), lipid, gross energy, phosphorus and amino acids (AAs) from Peruvian fish meal (PFM), native fish meal (NFM), meat bone meal (MBM), dried daphnia meal (DDM), soybean meal (SBM), full‐fat soybean (FSBM), cottonseed meals (CSM), rapeseed meal (RSM) and corn gluten meal (CGM) for Pseudobagrus ussuriensis (7.8 ± 0.06 g). Test diets were formulated to contain a 70:30 mixture of reference diet to test ingredient with chromic oxide (5 g kg^–1) serving as the inert marker. ADCs of DM ranged from 49.94% (CGM) to 87.11% (PFM), the highest ADCs of DM were observed in PFM and the lowest was found in CGM. ADCs of CP in the test ingredients ranged from 74.92% (CGM) to 93.41% (SBM). ADCs of crude lipid ranged from 51.80% (CGM) to 94.07% (PFM) for fish. ADCs of energy ranged from 56.42% (CGM) to 90.09% (PFM). ADCs of phosphorus ranged from 21.81% (CSM) to 65.70% (PFM). AA availability for the test ingredients followed a similar pattern to ADCs of CP, in which values for PFM, NFM and MBM were generally higher (p < .05) than those of other protein ingredients. Among all plant meals, the AA availability values in SBM were higher (p < .05) than those in CGM, CSM and RSM. The availability of most AAs in CGM was the lowest (p < .05) among all tested ingredients. In conclusion, PFM and NFM are good sources of available protein and AAs. When fishmeal supply is limited, MBM and DDM are substitutes for fishmeal reduction in P. ussuriensis diets; at the same time, SBM and FSBM are also very acceptable protein feedstuffs. However, CSM, RSM and CGM could not be used at high levels in P. ussuriensis diets because of their inferior digestibilities.