玉米苗期杂草的计算机识别技术研究

利用计算机视觉技术和人工神经网络技术对识别玉米苗期田间杂草进行了研究。首先利用类间方差最大自动阈值法二值化杂草图像的超绿特征,再进行连续腐蚀与膨胀,然后根据长宽比、圆度、第一不变矩3个形状特征由BP网络识别出玉米幼苗,最后利用种子填充法从阈值分割结果中擦除玉米目标,剩余的就是杂草目标。研究表明,基于BP网络的杂草识别算法对玉米幼苗与杂草的正确识别率分别为87.5%和93.0%,处理一幅640×480像素的杂草图像平均耗时约为58 ms。     

黄土丘陵区人工林典型林分土壤肥力综合评价

森林土壤肥力是供给森林植物生长所需水分和养分的重要基质.运用主成分分析、相关性分析两种评价方法,研究对比不同林分类型下人工林土壤肥力状况,以期为黄土丘陵区生态公益林和森林土壤资源的科学管理提供理论依据.以内蒙古自治区清水河县公益林区内的油松(Pinus tabuliformis Carr.)、落叶松[Larix gme...     

美国车厘子组织培养试验

采用美国思加图车厘子室内盆栽萌发的嫩芽和老芽作为外植体,分析不同处理时间对车厘子外植体萌芽效果的影响;采用不同浓度的植物生长调节剂对其进行诱导增殖和生根培养,筛选最佳组培方法。结果表明：嫩芽是车厘子外植体的最佳选择,通过7 s酒精和0.1%升汞9 min消毒获得无菌体,污染率低、褐化率较低、萌芽率60%。芽诱导培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L,增殖系数为3.92。生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA0.6 mg/L,生根率为100%。移栽炼苗基质比例为V（腐殖土）∶V（红土）=4∶6,盖膜驯化,保湿温度（25±2）℃,湿度80%,成活率达90%以上。     

不同除草剂在水稻免耕田的药效试验初探

通过试验表明在水稻免耕上使用草甘膦、克无踪、百草枯、农民乐四种不同除草剂,对绝大部分杂草有较好的防除效果,但对狗牙根、雀稗、铁线草等恶性杂草普遍防除效果较差.试验同时探索了施药的方法和时间.     

Molecular epidemiology of Newcastle disease viruses in Vietnam

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry in Southeast Asia. In the present study, 12 field isolates of NDV were recovered from dead village chickens in Vietnam between 2007 and 2012, and were characterized. All the field isolates were classified as velogenic. Based on the sequence analysis of the F variable region, two distinct genetic groups (Vietnam genetic groups G1 and G2) were recognized. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the 12 field isolates fell into the class II genotype VII cluster. Ten of the field isolates, classified as Vietnam genetic group G1, were closely related to VIIh viruses that had been isolated from Indonesia, Malaysia, and Cambodia since the mid-2000s, while the other two field isolates, of Vietnam genetic group G2, clustered with VIId viruses, which were predominantly circulating in China and Far East Asia. Our results indicate that genotype VII viruses, especially VIIh viruses, are predominantly responsible for the recent epizootic of the disease in Vietnam.     

稻/草-鹅农牧结合模式的综合效益及种养技术初探

1997－1999年在江苏省常熟市构建稻／牧草－鹅复合系统，并进行田间试验，结果表明，稻／草－鹅农牧结合模式与传统的稻／麦生产模式相比，不但具有明显的社会效益，经济效益，而且能显著提高土壤肥力，有效控制冬季田间杂草，进而大幅度降低田间除草剂，杀虫剂施用量，保护农田生态环境，总结了该模式的种养式技术，并提出了该模式的发展策略。     

北京地区常用类型日光温室的冬季气温特性分析

以生产上常用的4种类型日光温室为研究对象,其后墙(从内到外)的材料分别为37 cm红砖+10 cm聚苯板+24 cm红砖、20 cm陶粒砌体砖+10 cm珍珠岩+20 cm陶粒砌体砖、寿光型机推土墙、37 cm红砖+12 cm聚苯板.根据4种类型日光温室的结构参数与建筑材料,分析其采光性能与后墙墙体热工性能,并在2010～2011年冬季对日光温室室内外气温进行测量.结果表明:2010～ 2011年冬季北京市气温属于正常偏冷.后墙为37 cm红砖+10 cm聚苯板+24 cm红砖的日光温室的热阻为3.41 m2 K·W-1,冬季室内平均气温为14.4℃,夜间平均气温10℃以上,最低气温在6℃以上;寿光型机推土墙温室冬季室内平均气温为12.4℃,夜间平均气温8.4℃以上,最低气温在4.6℃以上;这两种类型日光温室基本上能够保证冬季果菜类蔬菜生产.20 cm陶粒砌体砖+10 cm珍珠岩+20 cm陶粒砌体砖的日光温室与37cm红砖+12 cm聚苯板的日光温室冬季室内气温均较低,最低气温在0℃左右,夜间平均气温在5～7℃之间,冬季只能进行耐寒叶菜类蔬菜生产.     

Seasonality and photoperiod influence in vitro production of buffalo embryos

Buffalo is considered short-day breeder in tropical and subtropical part of the world and seasonality and photoperiodism impart major influence on its fertility. However, its impact on in vitro embryo production (IVEP) remains elusive. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of seasonal variations and photoperiodism on morphological and molecular parameters of IVEP in buffalo. For this purpose, we conducted two different experiments on the oocytes obtained by aspirating follicles from abattoir derived ovaries. In Exp. I, retrospective analysis was performed for oocyte recovery, blastocyst and hatching rate, during four consecutive seasonal periods (i.e. January–March, April–June, July–September and October–December). In Exp. II, oocytes from peak breeding and non-breeding seasons were subjected to 24 hr in vitro maturation and evaluated for polar body extrusion to assess maturation rate. Results showed that embryo development was markedly low during second quarter (April–June) and maximum during fourth quarter (October–December) of the year; referred as non-breeding and breeding seasons, respectively. Comparative data analysis demonstrated that poor oocyte quality is major reason for lesser efficiency of embryo production during non-breeding season than peak breeding season as suggested by poor oocyte recovery (2.31 ± 0.10 vs. 3.65 ± 0.27) and maturation rate (33.32 ± 2.1 vs. 63.15 ± 7.31). Subsequently, comparative gene expression analysis of blastocysts during peak breeding season significantly upregulated pluripotency gene (OCT-4) and downregulated heat shock protein 90, as compared to non-breeding season. Therefore, it could be divulged from the present study that seasonal variations and photoperiodism have profound effect on oocyte quality and subsequent embryo development. It is recommended to find suitable additives for in vitro maturation that could mitigate seasonal effects.     

广西畜禽现代生态养殖场认证存在问题及对策

为深化生态文明建设成效,推动生态养殖业的整体发展,广西自2016年开始实施畜禽现代生态养殖场认证工作,要求2020年全区90%规模养殖场都需要与现代生态养殖标准所符合。目前广西畜禽现代生态养殖场认证工作成效显著,在较大程度上推动现代生态养殖业的整体发展。但依然有一些问题存在于畜禽现代生态养殖场认证工作中,相关部门及人员需加强重视,及时探索针对性的对策。     

苹果果实表皮总蛋白提取及双向电泳方法的优化

以苹果果实表皮为试材,采用3种方法提取果实表皮总蛋白,并对双向电泳(2-DE)操作体系进行优化。结果表明:改良酚提法适于苹果果实表皮总蛋白的提取,优化后的2-DE分离体系为预制IPG胶条18cm pH 4~7,上样量600μg,改进后的等电聚焦程序,浓度16%的分离胶,适于苹果果实表皮总蛋白的2-DE分离。