牛支原体单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

以牛支原体(Mycoplasma bovis)湖北分离株HB0801作为抗原免疫8周龄BALB/c小鼠,利用杂交瘤技术筛选出了6株能稳定分泌抗牛支原体的单克隆抗体细胞株,分别生产腹水并对单抗进行了纯化和特性鉴定。经亚型测定,这些单抗都属IgG类。腹水ELISA效价在1×10⁵~1.6×10⁶。ELISA特异性分析结果表明,6株单抗与临床分离的牛支原体菌株以及ATCC标准株PG45都显阳性反应,但与牛的其他常见病原菌如多杀性巴氏杆菌、化脓隐秘杆菌等都显阴性反应。所有制备的单抗都与无乳支原体有交叉反应,其中两株单抗1A5和1C11只与无乳支原体有交叉反应,与其他支原体无交叉反应。经Western blotting验证,6株单抗分别识别牛支原体全菌蛋白中的不同条带,说明分别针对不同的蛋白抗原。这些牛支原体单克隆抗体为后期建立牛支原体检测方法及致病机理研究奠定了良好基础。     

Prevalence of Concentrated Flow Paths in Agricultural Fields in Southern Illinois

Literature on prevalence of concentrated flow paths (CPFs) in agricultural fields are limited at field scale with only few studies that address occurrence of CFPs at large geographic extent. This study used high-resolution Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data to identify CFPs in agricultural fields and calculate the percentage of the fields drained by CFPs at a county scale. In 389 agricultural fields across Jackson County, southern Illinois, this study also investigated the association between field characteristics and CFP formation using multiple regression and CART analysis. The mean number of CFPs in a field was 5 with a minimum of 0 and maximum of 17 CFPs. The majority of the CFPs fell under the large category for CFP length and drainage area that corresponds with high mean percent (81%) of field area drained by the CFPs. Further, 85% of the fields had more than 70% of their area drained by CFPs. The multiple regression and CART analysis showed slope as an important factor influencing CFP characteristics such as number of CFPs and CFP length. Both analyses also indicated physical soil properties such as bulk density, soil erodibility factor, saturated hydraulic conductivity, LS factor, organic matter, and percent sand were also predictors of the CFP characteristics. However, these factors explained only 2 to 12% of the variation observed. The significant presence of CFP’s has important implications for water quality since current conservation practices such as riparian buffers were not designed to address concentrated flow from agricultural fields.     

保水剂施用方式对土壤酶活性及马铃薯产量的影响

【目的】研究不同保水剂施用方式对内蒙古西部半干旱偏旱地区土壤酶活性及马铃薯产量的影响,以筛选出合适的保水剂及施用方式。【方法】以聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)和聚丙烯酸钾(PAA-K)为材料,设不施保水剂(CK)、穴施PAM、沟施PAM、穴施PAA-K、沟施PAA-K 5个处理,分析不同保水剂及其施用方式下马铃薯不同生育时期、不同土层土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性和产量的变化。【结果】土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性随马铃薯生育时期的推进呈现"单峰"曲线变化,均于马铃薯块茎膨大期达峰值。与CK相比,施用保水剂处理均能提高土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性,且对于同一种保水剂,穴施处理提高幅度大于沟施处理。在马铃薯块茎膨大期,穴施PAM、穴施PAA-K、沟施PAM、沟施PAA-K处理0~10cm土层的土壤过氧化氢酶活性较对照分别提高了12.92%,11.97%,9.06%和6.02%,土壤脲酶活性较对照分别提高了12.38%,2.33%,0.86%和0.31%,土壤蔗糖酶活性较对照分别提高了22.99%,17.03%,20.50%和18.34%,土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性随土层的增加逐渐降低。与CK相比,施用保水剂显著提高了马铃薯产量和商品薯率,降低了小薯率。穴施PAM、穴施PAA-K、沟施PAM、沟施PAA-K分别较对照增产12.08%,10.45%,7.37%和5.22%。【结论】施用保水剂PAM、PAA-K均提高了土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性及马铃薯产量和商品薯率,降低了小薯率,其中穴施PAM效果最好。     

山羊卵母细胞体外成熟因素的研究

建立和优化山羊卵母细胞体外成熟的培养体系,对山羊卵母细胞的采集方法、割卵液种类、培养液添加血清种类等因素进行了研究.结果显示切剖法与抽吸法对山羊卵母细胞的成熟有显著差异(P<0.05);割卵液DMEM/F-12与PBS+BSA对山羊卵母细胞的成熟有极显著差异(P<0.01);添加EGS(自然发情)、EGS(PG诱导发情)、FBS对山羊卵母细胞的成熟有极显著差异(P<0.01).结论:切剖法能更好地支持卵母细胞的成熟;DMEM/F-12作为割卵液,能显著提高卵母细胞的成熟率;自然发情的山羊血清对卵母细胞的成熟效果最好,同种血清对卵母细胞的成熟效果要好于异种血清.     

鱼油乳状液的制备及其流变特性研究

采用食品级Span系列乳化剂和羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)水溶液经超声乳化制备鱼油乳状液,比较了乳化剂、CMC浓度、油水比、超声乳化次数等工艺参数对鱼油乳液稳定性的影响,确定了最佳工艺参数:鱼油和Span80(质量比9:1)为油相,0.5%CMC溶液为水相,油水比1:2,超声乳化10次(每次超声5 s、间歇5 s).上述条件制备的乳液,静置24 h和3000 r·min-1离心5 min平均相对体积分别为99.78%和98.32%.显微镜下观察形态均一,乳液平均粒径约为5μm.稳态扫描结果表明鱼油乳液呈现典型的剪切变稀流变行为,频率扫描结果表明鱼油乳液具有一定的粘弹性.     

土地利用方式对球囊霉素土层分布的影响

球囊霉素对维持土壤有机碳平衡和土壤团聚体稳定性具有明显作用,但不同土地利用方式下土壤球囊霉素的土层分布模式及其影响因素尚不清楚.本研究选取农田、人工草地、果园和撂荒地4种不同土地利用方式,分别采集0～10 cm、10～20 cm、20～30 cm和30～40 cm 4个土层土样,通过测定土壤球囊霉素.pH、速效磷、有机碳和蛋白酶活性,研究不同土地利用方式下土壤球囊霉素土层分布的模式及影响因素.结果表明,土壤球囊霉素平均含量为1.41～3.18 mg·g-1,占土壤有机碳的6.98%～31.34%,是土壤中的一个重要碳库.土壤球囊霉素在不同土地利用方式和土层剖面之间表现出显著差异(P<0.01),具有明显的垂直分布特征,除撂荒地外,其随土层深度的增加表现出降低趋势.土壤球囊霉素分别与土壤速效磷、蛋白酶呈显著正相关(P<0.01).土壤速效磷在很大程度上决定土壤球囊霉素的含量和分布.土壤球囊霉素含量和土壤蛋白酶活性之间为间接相关关系,该关系有待于进一步研究.建议把球囊霉素作为研究丛枝菌根真菌生长状况和土壤生态系统波动的一个重要指标.     

黑龙江省白浆土养分丰缺指标体系研究

通过对62个分布在庆安县、方正县、五常市、虎林市和尚志市各白浆土区的0～20cm土壤进行碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量的测定,建立了黑龙江省白浆土水稻种植区氮磷钾肥指标体系,并划分土壤肥力等级,提出了黑龙江省白浆土水稻种植区氮磷钾肥推荐施用量。结果表明:黑龙江省白浆土水稻种植区土壤碱解氮含量主要在138.3～220.3mg·kg-1,速效磷在20.6～32.5mg·kg-1,速效钾在120～183mg·kg-1;土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量与相对产量之间呈非线性正相关关系,土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量反映了土壤供肥能力,土壤供氮磷钾能力越高,不施肥处理的相对产量越高;根据相对产量,将土壤肥力划分为5类;黑龙江省白浆土水稻种植区土壤氮磷钾素含量以中高等含量居多,随着土壤氮磷钾含量增加,最大施肥量和最佳施肥量均呈现递减趋势,土壤养分含量和施肥量之间呈非线性负相关关系。     

兰州地区湿地水生植物引种试验研究

为了丰富兰州地区湿地水生植物资源,从河北白洋淀地区引入水生植物14个品种,对其生态适应性和越冬性进行了观察与研究,并根据引种植物在兰州地区的生长情况,制定了评价标准,最终筛选出了‘花叶水葱’‘花叶芦苇’‘水生鸢尾’‘菖蒲’‘慈姑’‘泽泻’‘红蓼’‘雨久花’‘水生美人蕉’(红花)和‘水生美人蕉’(黄花)10个适应力强和观赏价值高的水生植物品种.     

Phylogenetic characterisation of naturally occurring feline immunodeficiency virus in the United Kingdom

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a significant pathogen of domestic and non-domestic felids worldwide. In domestic cats, FIV is classified into five distinct subtypes (A-E) with subtypes A and B distributed most widely. However, little is known about the degree of intrasubtype viral diversity and this may prove critical in determining whether monovalent vaccines are likely to protect against FIV strains within a single subtype. Here, we characterise novel env sequences from 47 FIV strains recovered from infected cats in the United Kingdom and its environs. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that all bar one sequence belonged to subtype A, the predominant subtype in Western Europe. A single sequence was identified as a likely subtype A/C recombinant, intriguing given that subtype C does not appear to exist in either the UK or North Western Europe and suggestive of a recombination event predating its introduction into the UK. Subtype A strains from the UK were not significantly differentiated from representative subtype A isolates found elsewhere suggesting multiple introductions of FIV into the country. Divergence among isolates was comparable to that observed for subtype A isolates worldwide, indicating that FIV in the UK covers the full spectrum of subtype A diversity seen globally. This study demonstrates that while subtype A is predominant in the UK, novel introductions may result in the emergence of novel subtypes or intersubtype recombinants, potentially circumventing vaccine strategies. However, the dominance of subtype A suggests that the development of a regional or subtype-specific protective vaccine for the UK could be achievable.     

丹江口库区坡耕地不同轮作模式作物生产力及农田养分流失比较

在丹江口库区习惯施肥条件下,比较坡耕地不同轮作系统的作物生产力及农田水土和养分流失的差异。结果表明,在5种轮作模式中,作物生产力水平以＂小麦-玉米＂轮作最高,生产效益以＂油菜-玉米＂轮作最高;农田产流量、土壤侵蚀量和磷钾养分流失量均以＂小麦-玉米＂轮作最小,＂小麦-芝麻＂轮作最大;而氮流失量以＂油菜-玉米＂轮作最小,以＂小麦-芝麻＂轮作最大。因此,＂小麦-玉米＂轮作为丹江口库区坡耕地适宜的环保型作物复种模式。