土豆淀粉废水发酵普鲁兰多糖的研究

普鲁兰多糖是一种具有重要应用价值的微生物胞外多糖。淀粉废水是加工淀粉过程中不可避免的一种产物,成份复杂,营养丰富。利用淀粉废水作为碳源制得普鲁兰多糖,不仅使多糖的生产成本降低,变废为宝,还会减少环境污染。本文通过比较实验获得用土豆淀粉废水(potato starch waste)制多糖产率高于其它碳源,并且确定最佳发酵培养基为(%):土豆淀粉废水10,KH2PO40.6 NaCL0.2(NH4)2SO40.08。     

浙江天童国家森林公园常绿阔叶林生物量研究(Ⅱ)群落生物量及其分配规律

森林生物量测定一直是森林生态系统研究的主要内容,也是地区森林生态系统长期监测所必需的基础性研究。以浙江天童国家森林公园常绿阔叶林为研究对象,于2003年10月份采用收获法(草本层、灌木层)和标准木法(乔木层)相结合的方法,测定了以木荷Schimasuperba,米槠Castanopsis carlesii为优势种的群落地上部分生物量。结果表明:群落地上部分总生物量为(141.0770±17.4298)t.hm-2(平均值±标准差,n=3),其中接近90%集中于乔木层,其他层生物量分配较少。群落及其各层生物量种间分配差异较大,以优势树种木荷和米槠生物量为主,其生物量主要由树干组成,器官分配大小顺序为干>枝>叶。群落萌枝生物量主要集中在灌木层,50%以上由米槠萌枝生物量构成。群落生物量及其分配状况基本体现了以木荷和米槠为优势种的该群落结构特征及常绿阔叶林群落生物量分配特征。表5参15     

兰州大尾羊心脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白（H-FABP） 基因克隆及其同源性比较

【目的】克隆兰州大尾羊心脏型肪酸结合蛋白（H-FABP）基因全长cDNA序列,为研究绵羊H-FABP生物学作用和生产应用提供理论依据。【方法】根据已知哺乳动物H-FABP基因 cDNA 序列,设计5''和3''特异引物,运用cDNA 末端快速扩增（RACE）技术获得兰州大尾羊H-FABP基因全长 cDNA 序列。【结果】 扩增获得兰州大尾羊5''端425 bp、3''端231 bp片段和 177 bp中间片段,拼接获得748 bp兰州大尾羊H-FABP基因全长cDNA 序列（GenBank登录号：JQ780322）。 兰州大尾羊H-FABP基因ORF长 402 bp,编码 133 个氨基酸。核苷酸序列分析显示兰州大尾羊H-FABP基因序列与大多数哺乳动物相似,但其第66位发生的碱基转换（T←→G）引起所编码的第22位天门冬氨酸（N）不同于其它所有物种的赖氨酸（K）。构建的基因进化树分析结果显示兰州大尾羊与山羊亲缘关系最近。预测兰州大尾羊H-FABP蛋白质的空间结构与山羊和牛H-FABP类似,由2个α螺旋和10个反向平行的β折叠组成,10 个折叠片围成一个桶状结构,疏水性残基位于桶内,用于结合脂肪酸。【结论】克隆了兰州大尾羊H-FABP基因,为进一步研究该基因的功能奠定了基础。     

Approaches to pathogen-mediated resistance breeding against plum pox potyvirus in stone-fruit trees1

In a programme for developing systems which allow the transfer of foreign genes into apricot cultivars, we have tested cotyledons of immature embryos, somatic embryos and leaf discs. Apricot plants have been transformed, and then regenerated, with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA 4404 containing various binary plasmids: pBinGUSint, carrying the marker gene β-glucuronidase (GUS), and pBinPPVm, carrying the coat-protein gene of plum pox potyvirus (PPV). The marker gene GUS was used for visual evaluation of the efficiency of the transformation system. The coat-protein gene was used in the hope of introducing coat protein-mediated resistance to one of the most important stone-fruit pathogens in Europe and the Mediterranean area.     

内蒙古阿拉善盟草原疯草危害调查

采用现场调查和资料收集相结合的方法，对内蒙古阿拉善盟的阿拉善左旗、阿拉善右旗和额济纳旗3个旗疯草的种类、分布、危害及防治对策进行了调查研究。结果表明：阿拉善盟有疯草7种，其中棘豆属有毒植物3种，黄芪属有毒植物4种，分布面积超过139．33万hm^2，危害最严重的是小花棘豆和变异黄芪，给当地畜牧业造成了极大的危害，并就如何综合利用疯草提出了几点措施。     

浙江天童国家森林公园常绿阔叶林主要组成树种材积与生物量相关关系探讨

以天童国家森林公园常绿阔叶林主要组成树种为研究对象,通过测定其各组分生物量,建立了实测生物量与材积之间的回归模型,结果表明:主要组成树种各组分生物量与其材积之间存在着密切的相关关系,各主要树种材积与生物量的回归模型存在差异;回归方程精度较高,用于根据地区常绿阔叶林主要树种材积推算其生物量是可行的。     

氧化塘处理原木蒸煮废水

介绍了原木蒸煮废水的处理方法,提出氧化塘法是小型木材加工厂处理该废水的最佳选择,并用实例简单介绍了氧化塘的设计选型问题.     

Influence of Temperament Score and Handling Facility on Stress,Reproductive Hormone Concentrations,and Fixed Time AI Pregnancy Rates in Beef Heifers

The objectives were (i) to evaluate the effect of temperament, determined by modified 2‐point chute exit and gait score, on artificial insemination (AI) pregnancy rates in beef heifers following fixed time AI and (ii) to determine the effect of temperament on cortisol, substance‐P, prolactin and progesterone at initiation of synchronization and at the time of AI. Angus beef heifers (n = 967) at eight locations were included in this study. At the initiation of synchronization (Day 0 = initiation of synchronization), all heifers received a body condition score (BCS), and temperament score (0 = calm; slow exit and walk or 1 = excitable; fast exit or jump or trot or run). Blood samples were collected from a sub‐population of heifers (n = 86) at both synchronization initiation and the time of AI to determine the differences in serum progesterone, cortisol, prolactin and substance‐P concentrations between temperament groups. Heifers were synchronized with 5‐day CO‐Synch+ controlled internal drug release (CIDR) protocol and were inseminated at 56 h after CIDR removal. Heifers were examined for pregnancy by ultrasound 70 days after AI to determine AI pregnancy. Controlling for synchronization treatment (p = 0.03), facility design (p = 0.05), and cattle handling facility design by temperament score interaction (p = 0.02), the AI pregnancy differed between heifers with excitable and calm temperament (51.9% vs 60.3%; p = 0.01). The alley‐way with acute bends and turns, and long straight alley‐way had lower AI pregnancy rate than did the semicircular alley‐way (53.5%, 56.3% and 67.0% respectively; p = 0.05). The serum hormone concentrations differed significantly between different types of cattle handling facility (p < 0.05). The cattle handling facility design by temperament group interactions significantly influenced progesterone (p = 0.01), cortisol (p = 0.01), prolactin (p = 0.02) and substance‐P (p = 0.04) both at the initiation of synchronization and at the time of AI. Inter‐ and intra‐rater agreement for temperament scoring were moderate and good (Kappa = 0.596 ± 0.07 and 0.797 ± 0.11) respectively. The predictive value for calm and pregnant to AI was 0.87, and excited and non‐pregnant to AI was 0.76. In conclusion, the modified 2‐point temperament scoring method can be used to identify heifers with excitable temperament. Heifers with excitable temperament had lower AI pregnancy. Further, cattle handling facility design influenced the temperament and AI pregnancy.     

Effects of in vitro exposure to ozone and/or hyperoxia on superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione and lipid peroxidation in red blood cells and plasma of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)

In aquaculture, ozone is used as a disinfectant. In its production, extensive amounts of oxygen are formed resulting in hyperoxic conditions in culture units. Both ozone and hyperoxia have the potential to be toxic via pro‐oxidant mechanisms and to activate antioxidant defence systems in cultured species. To eliminate systemic effects, blood of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), was exposed in vitro for 5 min to ozone/hyperoxia or hyperoxia, and changes in antioxidant defences and lipid peroxidation were measured after exposure. Ozone exposure caused severe damage in red blood cells (rbc) detected as increased lipid peroxidation and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels in both plasma and rbc. Oxygen exposure alone increased intracellular lipid peroxidation and GSSG levels 10 min after exposure and was not evident in the plasma at any time. Ozone, but not oxygen exposure, decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in plasma, and the changes were negatively correlated with increased lipid peroxidation in rbc, indicating that extracellular GSH has a dynamic role in the protection of rbc from direct oxidation by ozone. Both ozone and hyperoxic conditions increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in rbc 3 and 6 h after exposure. In contrast, catalase activity was only increased 10 min after oxygen exposure, suggesting other catalase activation mechanisms rather than enzyme induction. The recovery of lipid peroxidation and GSSG levels in rbc after hyperoxia, but not ozone exposure, indicated a capacity to defend against hyperoxia‐produced oxidative damage, but an overwhelming of antioxidant defences by ozone in rainbow trout rbc in vitro.