中国棉花产业发展现状及展望

分析了中国棉花总体生产情况、生产格局变化、消费情况、进出口情况、棉花市场价格等方面的发展现状及影响产业发展的主要因素,在以上分析基础上对中国未来一段时期内棉花产业发展趋势做出展望,最后提出棉花产业发展的相关政策建议。     

Excess dietary cholesterol may have an adverse effect on growth performance of early post-larval Litopenaeus vannamei

One experiment was conducted to determine the nutritive value of cholesterol for post-larval shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Four isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets supplemented with four levels of cholesterol (D1, D2, D3 and D4 with 0, 0.5%, 1% and 2% cholesterol, respectively) were fed to triplicate groups of L. vannamei shrimp (mean initial wet weight 0.8 mg) for 27 days. After the trial, shrimp fed the D1 diet had the best growth performance (final body weights: FBW; weight gain: WG; specific growth rate: SGR), while there was no significant difference between diet treatments with respect to survival. The whole body crude protein level in the shrimp decreased with the increase in dietary cholesterol levels, while the whole body crude lipid level in shrimps in the D4 diet treatment was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in other diet treatments. Dietary analysis indicated that the D1 diet contained 0.92% cholesterol prior to supplementation, which may have satisfied the dietary cholesterol requirement of post-larval L. vannamei; excess dietary cholesterol may thus lead to adverse effects on the growth performance of post-larval shrimp.     

Exendin-4 improves resistance to Listeria monocytogenes infection in diabetic db/db mice

The incidence of diabetes mellitus is increasing among companion animals. This disease has similar characteristics in both humans and animals. Diabetes is frequently identified as an independent risk factor for infections associated with increased mortality. In the present study, homozygous diabetic (db/db) mice were infected with Listeria (L.) monocytogenes and then treated with the anti-diabetic drug exendin-4, a glucagon-like peptide 1 analogue. In aged db/db mice, decreased CD11b⁺ macrophage populations with higher lipid content and lower phagocytic activity were observed. Exendin-4 lowered high lipid levels and enhanced phagocytosis in macrophages from db/db mice infected with L. monocytogenes. Exendin-4 also ameliorated obesity and hyperglycemia, and improved ex vivo bacteria clearance by macrophages in the animals. Liver histology examined during L. monocytogenes infection indicated that abscess formation was much milder in exendin-4-treated db/db mice than in the control animals. Moreover, mechanistic studies demonstrated that expression of ATP binding cassette transporter 1, a sterol transporter, was higher in macrophages isolated from the exendin-4-treated db/db mice. Overall, our results suggest that exendin-4 decreases the risk of infection in diabetic animals by modifying the interaction between intracellular lipids and phagocytic macrophages.     

鄱阳湖湿地灰化苔草群落物种多度分布格局沿水分梯度的变化

为揭示鄱阳湖湿地苔草群落的构建机制,选择灰化苔草(Carex cinerascens)群落作为研究对象,通过设立3条样带调查不同水分梯度的群落物种多度,选用断棍模型(BSM)、生态位优先占领模型(NPM)、优势优先模型(DPM)、随机分配模型(RAM)和生态位重叠模型(ONM)5个生态位模型对群落种-多度关系进行拟合,结果表明,1)灰化苔草群落可按土壤水分划分为高湿度、中湿度和低湿度3组,分别对应从湖边、湿地中间和湿地边缘的梯度分布;2)从高到低的水分梯度上,灰化苔草群落的物种数先增加后降低,优势种多度逐渐增加,物种多度分布曲线由相对平缓变为陡峭;3)高湿度灰化苔草群落物种多度分布格局的最佳拟合模型为BSM,中、低湿度的理想模型转变为NPM。研究认为,水分条件的变化是灰化苔草群落物种多度分布格局改变的主因,随着水分梯度降低,群落构建的生态学过程由随机生态位变为生态位优先占领。研究为鄱阳湖湿地多样性保育和生态功能管理提供了理论参考。     

挠力河自然保护区不同作物类型退耕还湿地浮游植物群落结构特征

为了解挠力河自然保护区内不同作物类型退耕还湿地浮游植物群落结构的差异,于2020年7月选取了大豆、玉米、水稻3种作物类型的退耕还湿地共8个样点进行浮游植物调查,并分析浮游植物同环境因子的关系。结果表明：研究样地共鉴定出浮游植物137种,其中绿藻门种类最多(40.15%),其次为硅藻门(22.63%)、裸藻门(16.06%)、蓝藻门(13.14%)。3种作物类型的退耕还湿地之间浮游植物群落结构(种类数、丰度、生物量、多样性指数)差异不显著。水质指标、浮游植物优势种及丰度说明退耕湿地水质处于重度污染状态和富营养化状态。RDA分析显示,退耕湿地浮游植物主要受化学需氧量的影响。     

Epidermal differential impedance sensor for conformal skin hydration monitoring

We present the design and use of an ultrathin, stretchable sensor system capable of conformal lamination onto the skin, for precision measurement and spatial mapping of levels of hydration. This device, which we refer to as a class of 'epidermal electronics' due to its 'skin-like' construction and mode of intimate integration with the body, contains miniaturized arrays of impedance-measurement electrodes arranged in a differential configuration to compensate for common-mode disturbances. Experimental results obtained with different frequencies and sensor geometries demonstrate excellent precision and accuracy, as benchmarked against conventional, commercial devices. The reversible, non-invasive soft contact of this device with the skin makes its operation appealing for applications ranging from skin care, to athletic monitoring to health/wellness assessment.     

不同激素配比对香石竹茎尖组织培养的影响

以香石竹茎尖为外植体,从愈伤组织诱导、芽分化、增殖、玻璃化4个方面研究不同浓度外源激素对香石竹组织培养过程的影响,从而筛选出最优培养基．结果表明：MSq-TDZ1．5mg／L＋NAA1mg／L＋KT0．4mg／L培养基对愈伤组织诱导效果最好;Ms＋6-BA0．3nlg／L＋NAA0．2rag／L培养基对丛芽诱导效果最好;Ms＋KT0．5mg／L＋IBA0．1mg／L培养基对丛芽增殖效果最好;MS＋TDZ1mg／L＋NAA1rag／L培养基克服玻璃化效果最好．     

Nine-month evaluation of dogs after open-heart surgical removal of heartworms

Adult heartworms were surgically removed from 4 infected dogs by use of intracardiac techniques during cardiopulmonary bypass. The number of worms removed ranged from 12 to 14 per dog. Observation for 9 months after surgery gave no clinical evidence of active adult heartworm infection, in spite of the consistent finding of circulating microfilariae during the follow-up period. There were no significant early or late postoperative complications. Results of postoperative hematologic and biochemical studies were unremarkable. At necropsy (following euthanasia, 9 months after surgery) the heart and pulmonary arteries of all dogs were free of adult heartworms; pathologic changes attributable to residual infection were not found.     

苍溪梨果实褐斑病研究

近年来湖北襄阳一带苍溪梨果实上的褐斑病害,经研究证明,系磷、硼双缺引起。及时合理施硼,能迅速控制此病;保持土壤速效磷水平较高,可显著减轻受害程度     

三角履带式甘蔗收割机转向系统的设计与试验

针对我国目前山地甘蔗收割困难、缺乏适用收获装备的问题,设计了三角履带式甘蔗联合收割机转向系统,主要包括后桥、轮桥连接架的设计和转向油缸行程确定。针对关键部件转向后桥和轮桥连接架进行了受力计算与有限元应力分析,对转弯半径进行了计算,并进行了相应的试验。关键零件应力测试试验结果表明:转向后桥的最大静应力为43. 67MPa,动态稳定应力约50MPa,仿真误差为12. 66%;轮桥连接架转向最大静应力158.59 MPa,动态应力为176 MPa,仿真的误差为9. 89%,仿真与实际基本一致。转弯半径试验结果表明:理论转弯半径为6.4m,实际测试时由于车速不同,转弯半径在6.127～6.5m范围内,与理论最大误差4.27%,在可接受范围内,转向系统的设计达到了设计要求。