2018年夏季南奥克尼群岛南极磷虾集群特征

基于2018年夏季南奥克尼群岛南极磷虾资源声学调查数据,本研究对该海域南极磷虾集群进行了分析。结果显示,检测到南极磷虾集群3 224个,反映集群特征的5个参数即深度、长度、厚度、面积及密度分别为(96.00±64.33) m、(218.52±455.66) m、(11.19±13.98) m、(1 894.40±9 345.72) m2和(114.11±159.60)尾/m³;不同时间段之间集群密度无显著性差异,但集群深度、长度、厚度及面积之间均存在显著性差异。不同水层间集群厚度和面积之间无显著性差异,但集群深度,长度和密度均存在显著性差异。南极磷虾集群共分为三类,其中第Ⅰ类集群密度最大,为(325.90±221.30)尾/m³;集群规模最小,为(379.64±433.73) m²;深度最深,为(158.06±67.54) m。第Ⅱ类集群的长度最长,为(1 089.60±1 189.56) m;集群面积为(15 601.25±30 243.33) m²,远大于其他集群。第Ⅲ类集群深度最浅,为(78....     

推动鄂南竹产业转型发展的路径

湖北省咸宁市素有“鄂南竹乡”美誉,竹产业是基地面积最大的林业特色产业,推动竹产业转型升级已纳入咸宁市经济社会发展的“十五件大事”之一。文中系统分析了咸宁市竹产业发展面临的挑战和机遇,围绕“优化一产、深化二产、强化三产”的思路提出了咸宁市竹产业发展的主攻方向和重点发展领域,提出了基金推动、科技驱动、服务促动、示范带动和消费拉动等加快推进咸宁竹产业高质量发展的对策。     

Eremophilane-Type Sesquiterpenes from a Marine-Derived Fungus Penicillium Copticola with Antitumor and Neuroprotective Activities

Chemical examination of a marine sponge-associated Penicillium copticola fungus resulted in the isolation of ten undescribed eremophilanes, namely copteremophilanes A–J (1–10), along with two new glycosides, 5-glycopenostatin F (11) and 5-glucopenostatin I (12). Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic data, in association with ECD data and chemical conversions for configurational assignments. Analogs 1, 2, and 10 represent a group of uncommon skeletons of eremophilanes with an aromatic ring and a methyl migration from C-5 to C-9, and analogs 11 and 12 are characteristic of a PKS scaffold bearing a glucose unit. The incorporation of a chlorinated phenylacetic unit in 3–9 is rarely found in nature. Analog 7 showed neuroprotective effect, whereas 8 exhibited selective inhibition against human non-small cell lung cancer cells (A549). This study enriched the chemical diversity of eremophilanes and extended their bioactivities to neuroprotection.     

代谢酶抑制剂PX对除草剂防除稗草的增效作用

为解决除草剂防除困难的问题,采用室内盆栽试验测定了PX、PM和Mn²⁺三种代谢酶抑制剂对精喹禾灵、莠去津、烟嘧磺隆、硝磺草酮和烯禾啶防除稗草Echinochloa crus-galli的增效作用,测定不同用量代谢酶抑制剂PX对这5种除草剂的增效作用及其与莠去津混用后稗草体内谷胱甘肽转移酶（glutathione S-transferase,GST）和细胞色素 P450（cytochrome P450,CYP450）活性的变化。结果显示,在3种代谢酶抑制剂中,代谢酶抑制剂PX对精喹禾灵、莠去津、烟嘧磺隆、硝磺草酮和烯禾啶5种除草剂的增效作用最显著。不同用量代谢酶抑制剂PX对不同除草剂的增效作用不同,其中75 g (a.i.)/hm²代谢酶抑制剂PX对莠去津的增效最佳,株防除效果和鲜重防除效果分别增加了35.33个百分点和37.33个百分点。莠去津与代谢酶抑制剂PX混用后,稗草体内GST和CYP450活性均较对照显著降低。表明除草剂与代谢酶抑制剂PX混用能增加除草剂对稗草的防除效果,可以达到减施除草剂的目的。     

Identification,Characteristics and Function of Phosphoglucomutase (PGM) in the Agar Biosynthesis and Carbon Flux in the Agarophyte Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta)

Agar is widely applied across the food, pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, owing to its various bioactive functions. To better understand the agar biosynthesis in commercial seaweed Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis, the activities of four enzymes participating in the agar biosynthesis were detected, and phosphoglucomutase (PGM) was confirmed as highly correlated with agar accumulation. Three genes of PGM (GlPGM1, GlPGM2 and GlPGM3) were identified from the G. lemaneiformis genome. The subcellular localization analysis validated that GlPGM1 was located in the chloroplast and GlPGM3 was not significantly distributed in the organelles. Both the GlPGM1 and GlPGM3 protein levels showed a remarkable consistency with the agar variations, and GlPGM3 may participate in the carbon flux between (iso)floridoside, floridean starch and agar synthesis. After treatment with the PGM inhibitor, the agar and floridean starch contents and the activities of floridean starch synthase were significantly decreased; products identified in the Calvin cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway, the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle were depressed; however, lipids, phenolic acids and the intermediate metabolites, fructose-1,6-phosphate were upregulated. These findings reveal the essential role of PGM in regulating the carbon flux between agar and other carbohydrates in G. lemaneiformis, providing a guide for the artificial regulation of agar accumulation.     

七子花种群遗传多样性和遗传分化的RAPD分析

 利用RAPD技术研究了浙江省9个七子花天然种群的遗传多样性和遗传分化。结果显示, 七子花遗传多样性水平较低, 种群间遗传分化明显, 9个种群可以聚为两个大的分支。分析认为, 七子花自身的生物学特点以及片断化时的取样效应是种群间遗传分化的主要原因。最后提出了两点当前应采取的七子花保护措施。     

蔬菜作物多倍体育种研究进展

对蔬菜作物多倍体育种研究的主要进展进行了综述。重点对蔬菜多倍体的 获得途径、多倍体的植物学特征、同源三倍体的不育性、四倍体的低稔性、抗逆性研究进行了综述，介绍了多倍体在蔬菜育种上的应用，并提出了蔬菜多倍体育种尚待解决 的关键问题。     

不同处理方式对华北落叶松抚育剩余物分解的影响

[目的]为提高华北落叶松抚育剩余物的利用率,探索不同处理方式对抚育剩余物分解速率的影响,加快抚育剩余物分解速率,恢复华北落叶松人工林地力,使其保持长期较高的生产力.[方法]以华北落叶松人工林抚育剩余物为研究对象,采用粉碎、尿素、EM菌和木醋液4种处理方法,进行4因素5水平的正交试验设计.通过对剩余物进行25种处理,研究...     

辣椒雄性不育的研究进展

综述了辣椒雄性不育的遗传类型,不育基因的来源、分布及其特性和不育植株在形态、细胞学和生理指标上的表现,并且分析了辣椒雄性不育在生产中的应用,提出了尚存在的问题.     

30%乙酰甲胺磷乳油对水稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果与技术

对30%乙酰甲胺磷乳油防治水稻纵卷叶螟(Cnaphalocrocis medinalis)的田间效果进行了试验。结果表明:使用30%乙酰甲胺磷乳油防治水稻纵卷叶螟的杀虫效果均在71.7%以上,保叶效果高达83.8%。