益生菌对宿主机体免疫调节作用研究进展

益生菌是一类对宿主机体健康有益的低致病性或无致病性微生物。大量研究表明,益生菌能够维持宿主肠道菌群平衡,作用于肠道黏膜免疫系统,引起体液免疫和细胞免疫应答,从而调节机体的免疫功能。就益生菌的免疫调节作用途径,及其对机体体液免疫和细胞免疫的影响进行了综述。     

Cytomorphologic differentiation of benign and malignant mammary tumors in fine needle aspirate specimens from irradiated female Sprague-Dawley rats.

BACKGROUND: Fine needle aspiration (FNA) offers a rapid and minimally invasive means to distinguish malignant from benign neoplasms. However, few studies have been published regarding the cytopathology of mammary tumors in rats despite widespread use of the rat model for breast cancer formation and inhibition. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of FNA cytology and to develop distinguishing cytologic criteria for the diagnosis of radiation-induced benign and malignant mammary tumors in rats. METHODS: In a study of radiation-induced mammary carcinogenesis, 100 Sprague-Dawley rats with cutaneous masses were randomly chosen for FNA. The aspirates were smeared, fixed, and stained with a modified Papanicolaou procedure for diagnostic evaluation. Cytologic and histologic diagnoses (benign vs malignant) were compared, and diagnostic accuracy was calculated using the histologic diagnosis as the criterion standard. FNA smears were scored semiquantitatively on a scale of 1-4 for cellularity, atypia, nuclear size, chromatin pattern, nuclear membrane thickness, nucleoli, and mitoses. The background was evaluated for necrosis, hemorrhage, inflammation, and mucosecretory material. Cytomorphologic features were compared statistically between benign and malignant tumors, based on the histologic diagnosis. RESULTS: The sensitivity of FNA was 92.3% and specificity was 89.4% for the detection of malignancy. However, 14% of specimens, all fibroadenomas by histology, had insufficient cells for cytologic evaluation, for an overall accuracy rate of 78.0%. Malignant tumors had significantly higher scores for all cytomorphologic features, and were significantly more likely to contain cell clusters and necrotic debris. CONCLUSIONS: FNA is an accurate method for differentiating benign and malignant rat mammary tumors.     

不同铁源对仔鸡生长的影响

选取1日龄罗曼蛋公鸡90只,随机分为3组,每组30只。以玉米、大豆分离蛋白为主要成分的半纯合基础日粮,在基础日粮中分别添加硫酸亚铁(含铁30%)、蛋氨酸铁(含铁10%)和甘氨酸铁(含铁10%)3种铁源,使铁含量各为80mg/kg,组成对照组和试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组。试验期为28d。28日龄时停饲24h后称重屠宰,取内脏器官,结果表明,蛋氨酸铁促进仔鸡体重的增加和内脏器官的发育,在21和28日龄时体重比对照组分别提高了10.57%和14.94%;甘氨酸铁组与对照组相比,差异不显著,但在一定程度上可以促进仔鸡体重的增加和内脏器官的发育。     

用PPA-ELISA测HCLV抗体和抑制法测HCLV

对早期建立的PPA-ELISA测猪瘟兔化弱毒(HCLV)抗体和PPA-ELISA抑制法测HCLV毒价的2种方法作总结性回顾。前者用于猪瘟的免疫监测,以抗体的分布曲线显示HCLV的免疫效果,出现低谷为免疫力不足,出现特异高峰则可能有强毒侵入;如群体保护率小于50%,表明免疫失败。后者主要用于细胞培养液小样的HCLV毒价测定,方法简单,一次能测多个样品。检测结果表明,在现用的疫苗中抑制价高的,完全有可能用16万或20万倍稀释通过兔体测毒。对此,建议将兔体半数反应量(RID50)标准提高至16万或20万倍稀释,一次通过,免疫剂量用400RID50,与国际接轨,达到早日消灭猪瘟的目标。     

Inductive expression of the NOD1 signalling pathway in chickens infected with Salmonella pullorum

1. The aim of this study was to describe the role of Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1) receptor signalling in chicken.

2. Tissue-specific expression analysis of NOD1, receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 2 (RIPK2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 (MAPK11 or p38) by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed their wide distribution in various organs and tissues.

3. Salmonella pullorum infection activated NOD1 receptor signalling in vivo and in vitro, resulting in significant induction of downstream signalling molecules RIPK2, NF-κB/p65, MAPK11/p38 and the effector molecules IL-1b and IL-8.

4. Activation of NOD1 by its agonist bacterial γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP) in HD11 cells induced the adapter molecular RIPK2 and activated the NF-κB/p65 and MAPK11/p38 pathways, resulting in an increase in IL-8 but not IL-1β. Additionally, inhibition of NOD1 using NOD1-shRNA resulted in downregulation of RIPK2, MAPK11 and IL-8, while NF-κB/p65 and IL-1β were unaltered.

5. These results highlight the important role of NOD1 receptors in eliciting the innate immune response following pathogenic invasion in chicken.     

东北虎（Panthera tigris altaica）个体识别技术研究进展

对东北虎种群的科学监测是采取有效保护、管理及恢复措施的基础,而准确的个体识别又是保证有效监测的前提。尤其是在中国,在野生东北虎种群数量很少,种群密度极低的情况下,能根据它留下的各种信息进行个体识别就显得尤为重要。目前,用于野生东北虎个体识别的技术主要有：足迹识别、DNA识别、条纹识别以及气味识别等。本文对这几种技术的特点、研究进展、应用注意事项等做了介绍,并且结合中国的实际情况,分析每种技术在中国的适用性,认为如果要建立中国的东北虎种群数量数据库,足迹识别和DNA识别比较适合在中国现有东北虎分布区推广使用。通过足迹识别,信息容易获取,也是最经济和比较成熟的方法;由于种群密度低,含DNA的遗传样本虽不能每次都采集到,但可以长期积累;现阶段条纹和气味识别只能起到辅助的作用。     

达乌尔黄鼠染色体组型和G带分析

本文研究了达乌尔黄鼠东北亚种的骨髓细胞染色体组型和Ｇ－带带型。确定其染色体数为２ｎ＝３６，各染色体有其特有Ｇ－带带型。     

用钙电极测定牧草中钙含量的方法研究

用钙电极测定禾本科牧草中钙含量的方法，回收率１００．０２％－９７．３８％，用高酸钾法的ＥＤＴＡ法与钙电极法作比较试验，结果非常满意。     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒肾型毒株血凝特性的研究

本文对鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（ＩＢＶ）澳大利亚Ｔ株和分离的四株肾型毒株（ＢＪ＿（９３０１）、ＢＪ＿（９３０２）、ＴＪ＿（９３０１）、ＨＮ＿（９３０１）株）的血凝特性进行了系统研究。结果表明ＩＢＶ供试毒株经１～２％胰蛋白酶处理后，能凝集鸡和小鼠红细胞，同一毒株对两种红细胞的凝集价相近，且均能被ＩＢＶ澳大利亚Ｔ株血清所抑制。处理后的ＩＢＶ对鸡红细胞的血凝以缓冲液浓度０．０１～０．０５ＭｐＨ６．０～８．４为宜，对反应温度及稀释液种类无严格要求。ＩＢＶ的血凝活性能耐受３７℃２３天、５６℃１２小时、８０℃１．５小时，但在－３０℃、４℃和室温下保存２个月后，绝大部分丧失血凝活性。ＩＢＶ经０．２％甲醛、０．２％脱氧胆酸钠、２％硼氢化钠、０．０１Ｍ高碘酸钠３７℃灭活２４小时，仍能保持其血凝活性。从ＩＢＶ的血凝活性可被过量胰蛋白酶破坏和氯仿灭活，推断该血凝素可能是由脂质和蛋白质组成。     

A cluster of two psittacosis cases among women farmers exposed to Chlamydia psittaci-infected domestic poultry in Zhejiang Province,China

A cluster of Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) cases was reported in Zhejiang Province, China, 2019. This study evaluates the extent of the outbreak and determines the source of infection. Real-time PCR and sequencing of the ompA gene of C. psittaci were performed to identify the cases, the domesticated poultry and close contacts. The index patient was a 76-year-old woman with chronic vertigo, and Case 2 was a 64-year-old female farmer with herpes zoster. Both women bought psittaci-infected chickens or ducks from the same mobile street vendor and raised them for 10 days and 23 days before fever onset. There were no direct contact between the two women. C. psittaci test was positive for the two patients, one sick chicken, three healthy ducks and the vendor's chicken cage. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all seven C. psittaci positive samples carried identical ompA genotype A of C. psittaci. Of all of the patients' 148 close contacts, none tested positive for C. psittaci, or developed acute respiratory symptoms. Both patients were discharged after a 4-week hospital stay. In conclusion, the source of this cluster was the poultry infected with C. psittaci, which occasionally cause infections in farmers, but inter-human transmission seems unlikely.