多代驯化对布氏田鼠非繁殖期性激素本底水平的影响

为阐明驯化过程对季节性繁殖的布氏田鼠Lasiopodomys brandtii性腺活性的影响,采用放射免疫技术从秋季(11月)至翌年春季(3月)对室内驯化1月、3年和10年的雌雄鼠粪便中的性激素水平进行监测。结果显示,在11—12月非繁殖季节,驯化10年组雄鼠睾酮水平分别达到3年组和1月组的3.5倍和13.3倍,驯化10年组雌鼠雌二醇水平分别达到3年组和1月组的2.0倍和3.7倍,且差异均达到显著水平;长期(3年和10年)驯化组雄鼠在繁殖初期(1—3月)的睾酮水平也较短期驯化组显示出更大幅度的提升。表明在经历长期驯化后布氏田鼠对稳定的室内环境逐渐适应,非繁殖期性腺活性抑制的程度逐渐减弱,呈现出随驯化时长增加而逐渐递增的趋势,从而导致鼠类繁殖表型发生了可塑性变化。     

卷丹转基因体系构建及岷江百合LrCCoAOMT的导入

以卷丹(Lilium lancifolium Thunb.)无菌小鳞片为试材,通过切片处理、优化农杆菌侵染浓度与时间以及重悬液和共培养基成分,构建农杆菌介导的高效遗传转化体系。结果表明,MS+1.5 mg·L^-16-BA+0.5 mg·L^-1 NAA+30 g·L^-1蔗糖是切片芽分化的最佳培养基,添加100 mg·L^-1抗坏血酸能有效抑制褐化并促进不定芽增殖。MS+2.0 mg·L^-1 NAA+30 g·L^-1蔗糖是生根诱导的最佳培养基。抗生素敏感性测试发现,培养基中添加Kan 100 mg·L^-1或Hyg 75 mg·L^-1结合Cef 400 mg·L^-1适宜抗性筛选。GUS染色分析表明,以去除大量元素的改良MS+100μmol·L^-1AS和去除大量元素的改良MS+1.0mg·L^-16-BA+1.0mg·L^-1NAA+100...     

中国硬叶兜兰主要分布区居群表型多样性分析

研究基于硬叶兜兰(Paphiopedilum micranthum)表型变异,通过相关性、主成分以及聚类等分析,对9个硬叶兜兰野生居群的22个表型性状指标进行了调查研究,探究硬叶兜兰居群间及居群内表型多样性,为硬叶兜兰资源的进一步保护和利用奠定基础。结果表明:硬叶兜兰在居群间具有丰富的表型多样性,居群内变异较少。平均表型分化系数(Vst)为64%,居群间表型分化高于居群内表型分化。22个性状的平均变异系数(CV)范围为9.52%～31.48%,9个居群平均变异系数为14.55%～18.51%,在表型间差异显著,在居群间差异不显著。主成分分析表明,花纵径等花部性状和株高等营养性状是硬叶兜兰变异的主要因素。Pearson相关性分析表明,株高、中萼片长和花瓣长与大部分性状都呈现显著正相关;冠幅、叶片数等营养性状与海拔存在显著正相关性,而花横径、花纵径等生殖性状与海拔存在显著或极显著负相关性。聚类分析结果表明,9个居群可以聚类为3个类群,和硬叶兜兰地理分布距离一致。     

2018年夏季南奥克尼群岛南极磷虾集群特征

基于2018年夏季南奥克尼群岛南极磷虾资源声学调查数据,本研究对该海域南极磷虾集群进行了分析。结果显示,检测到南极磷虾集群3 224个,反映集群特征的5个参数即深度、长度、厚度、面积及密度分别为(96.00±64.33) m、(218.52±455.66) m、(11.19±13.98) m、(1 894.40±9 345.72) m2和(114.11±159.60)尾/m³;不同时间段之间集群密度无显著性差异,但集群深度、长度、厚度及面积之间均存在显著性差异。不同水层间集群厚度和面积之间无显著性差异,但集群深度,长度和密度均存在显著性差异。南极磷虾集群共分为三类,其中第Ⅰ类集群密度最大,为(325.90±221.30)尾/m³;集群规模最小,为(379.64±433.73) m²;深度最深,为(158.06±67.54) m。第Ⅱ类集群的长度最长,为(1 089.60±1 189.56) m;集群面积为(15 601.25±30 243.33) m²,远大于其他集群。第Ⅲ类集群深度最浅,为(78....     

Saquayamycin B1 Suppresses Proliferation,Invasion, and Migration by Inhibiting PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells

Moromycin B (Mor B), saquayamycin B₁ (Saq B₁), saquayamycin B (Saq B), and landomycin N (Lan N), four angucyclines produced by the marine-derived actinomycete Streptomyces sp., are a class of polyketone compounds containing benzanthracene. Here, the structure–activity relationship of these four compounds was analyzed in human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Saq B₁, which showed the strongest cytotoxicity with an IC₅₀ of 0.18–0.84 µM for CRC cells in MTT assays, was employed to test underlying mechanisms of action in SW480 and SW620 cells (two invasive CRC cell lines). Our results showed that Saq B₁ inhibited CRC cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Notably, lower cytotoxicity was measured in normal human hepatocyte cells (QSG-7701). Furthermore, we observed proapoptosis, antimigration, and anti-invasion activities of Saq B₁ in CRC cells. At the same time, the protein and mRNA expression of important markers related to the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptosis changed, including N-cadherin, E-cadherin, and Bcl-2, in Saq B₁-treated CRC cells. Surprisingly, the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was shown to be involved in Saq B₁-induced apoptosis, and in inhibiting invasion and migration. Computer docking models also suggested that Saq B₁ might bind to PI3Kα. Collectively, these results indicate that Saq B₁ effectively inhibited growth and decreased the motor ability of CRC cells by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which provides more possibilities for the development of drugs in the treatment of CRC.     

推动鄂南竹产业转型发展的路径

湖北省咸宁市素有“鄂南竹乡”美誉,竹产业是基地面积最大的林业特色产业,推动竹产业转型升级已纳入咸宁市经济社会发展的“十五件大事”之一。文中系统分析了咸宁市竹产业发展面临的挑战和机遇,围绕“优化一产、深化二产、强化三产”的思路提出了咸宁市竹产业发展的主攻方向和重点发展领域,提出了基金推动、科技驱动、服务促动、示范带动和消费拉动等加快推进咸宁竹产业高质量发展的对策。     

Eremophilane-Type Sesquiterpenes from a Marine-Derived Fungus Penicillium Copticola with Antitumor and Neuroprotective Activities

Chemical examination of a marine sponge-associated Penicillium copticola fungus resulted in the isolation of ten undescribed eremophilanes, namely copteremophilanes A–J (1–10), along with two new glycosides, 5-glycopenostatin F (11) and 5-glucopenostatin I (12). Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic data, in association with ECD data and chemical conversions for configurational assignments. Analogs 1, 2, and 10 represent a group of uncommon skeletons of eremophilanes with an aromatic ring and a methyl migration from C-5 to C-9, and analogs 11 and 12 are characteristic of a PKS scaffold bearing a glucose unit. The incorporation of a chlorinated phenylacetic unit in 3–9 is rarely found in nature. Analog 7 showed neuroprotective effect, whereas 8 exhibited selective inhibition against human non-small cell lung cancer cells (A549). This study enriched the chemical diversity of eremophilanes and extended their bioactivities to neuroprotection.     

广西不同养殖模式猪源大肠杆菌耐药表型差异性分析

为调查广西不同养殖模式的猪源大肠杆菌耐药表型差异,为合理使用抗菌药物防治猪大肠杆菌病和减缓耐药菌株产生提供参考,采用体外分离培养和体外药敏试验的方法,分离了广西不同养殖模式的猪源大肠杆菌,并进行耐药表型检测和差异性分析。结果显示,大规模养猪场、中小规模养猪场和散养户的猪源大肠杆菌对头孢西丁、头孢他啶和阿米卡星的敏感率高于70%,而对青霉素G、氨苄西林、阿莫西林、利福平、林可霉素和复方新诺明的耐药率均高于90%。大规模养猪场大肠杆菌对恩诺沙星的耐药率极显著低于散养户(P<0.01),对氧氟沙星、庆大霉素和氟苯尼考的耐药率显著低于散养户(P<0.05);中小规模养猪场大肠杆菌对恩诺沙星、强力霉素和氟苯尼考的耐药性显著低于散养户(P<0.05);散养户大肠杆菌对环丙沙星、卡那霉素和壮观霉素的耐药率极显著高于大规模养猪场和中小规模养猪场(P<0.01),而对头孢噻肟的耐药率极显著低于大规模养猪场和中小规模养猪场(P<0.01)。大规模养殖场、中小规模养殖场和散养户大肠杆菌的多重耐药指数(MARI)分别为0.62、0.63和0.68。14～23耐,散养户(44株)极...     

代谢酶抑制剂PX对除草剂防除稗草的增效作用

为解决除草剂防除困难的问题,采用室内盆栽试验测定了PX、PM和Mn²⁺三种代谢酶抑制剂对精喹禾灵、莠去津、烟嘧磺隆、硝磺草酮和烯禾啶防除稗草Echinochloa crus-galli的增效作用,测定不同用量代谢酶抑制剂PX对这5种除草剂的增效作用及其与莠去津混用后稗草体内谷胱甘肽转移酶（glutathione S-transferase,GST）和细胞色素 P450（cytochrome P450,CYP450）活性的变化。结果显示,在3种代谢酶抑制剂中,代谢酶抑制剂PX对精喹禾灵、莠去津、烟嘧磺隆、硝磺草酮和烯禾啶5种除草剂的增效作用最显著。不同用量代谢酶抑制剂PX对不同除草剂的增效作用不同,其中75 g (a.i.)/hm²代谢酶抑制剂PX对莠去津的增效最佳,株防除效果和鲜重防除效果分别增加了35.33个百分点和37.33个百分点。莠去津与代谢酶抑制剂PX混用后,稗草体内GST和CYP450活性均较对照显著降低。表明除草剂与代谢酶抑制剂PX混用能增加除草剂对稗草的防除效果,可以达到减施除草剂的目的。     

Identification,Characteristics and Function of Phosphoglucomutase (PGM) in the Agar Biosynthesis and Carbon Flux in the Agarophyte Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta)

Agar is widely applied across the food, pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, owing to its various bioactive functions. To better understand the agar biosynthesis in commercial seaweed Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis, the activities of four enzymes participating in the agar biosynthesis were detected, and phosphoglucomutase (PGM) was confirmed as highly correlated with agar accumulation. Three genes of PGM (GlPGM1, GlPGM2 and GlPGM3) were identified from the G. lemaneiformis genome. The subcellular localization analysis validated that GlPGM1 was located in the chloroplast and GlPGM3 was not significantly distributed in the organelles. Both the GlPGM1 and GlPGM3 protein levels showed a remarkable consistency with the agar variations, and GlPGM3 may participate in the carbon flux between (iso)floridoside, floridean starch and agar synthesis. After treatment with the PGM inhibitor, the agar and floridean starch contents and the activities of floridean starch synthase were significantly decreased; products identified in the Calvin cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway, the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle were depressed; however, lipids, phenolic acids and the intermediate metabolites, fructose-1,6-phosphate were upregulated. These findings reveal the essential role of PGM in regulating the carbon flux between agar and other carbohydrates in G. lemaneiformis, providing a guide for the artificial regulation of agar accumulation.