可可泛素结合酶基因家族的生物信息学初步分析

泛素结合酶(E2s)促进底物泛素化或者与E3s链接,是靶蛋白泛素化的关键酶,在泛素-蛋白酶体途径中起重要作用。利用可可(Theobroma cacao L.)全基因组测序数据,共鉴定出45个E2s基因家族成员,包括39个UBC和6个UEV基因。通过生物信息学方法,对可可E2s家族的基本理化性质、基因结构、二级结构预测、亚细胞定位、进化关系等方面进行初步分析。结果表明:可可E2s基因CDS长度在441(Tc UEV3)~3 651 bp(Tc UBC7)之间,对应的编码蛋白氨基酸数目在146(Tc UEV3)~1 216 aa(Tc UBC7)之间,编码蛋白分子量在16.39~134.71 ku之间。E2s基因外显子在1~11之间,多数基因外显子数目在5~7之间。E2s基因在10条染色体上均有分布,1号染色体为7个,数量最多;6号染色体2个基因,数量最少。可可E2s蛋白大多为不稳定蛋白,且均为亲水性蛋白,其二级结构以α-螺旋和无规则卷曲为主要构成元件。大多数可可E2s蛋白定位在细胞核,少数定位在内质网或者细胞质。进化树分析表明:可可E2s蛋白被分为20个亚家族,包括16个UBC亚家族和4个UEV亚家族,第Ⅵ亚家族E2s数目最多为9个;E2s家族蛋白在物种进化过程中具有高度保守性。     

水分胁迫下转DREB3基因抗旱大豆的生理反应

采用田间试验方法,在苗期和初花期自然状态、水分胁迫以及充足灌水条件下,研究了转DREB3基因抗旱大豆叶片、茎、根中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸和蔗糖含量的变化。结果表明,在自然状态下,苗期水分胁迫第5天时,转DREB3基因抗旱大豆叶片SOD活性显著高于受体大豆东农50,初花期无明显变化;苗期和初花期转DREB3基因抗旱大豆叶片、茎和根中丙二醛、脯氨酸含量与受体大豆东农50相比无明显差异;苗期转DREB3基因抗旱大豆叶片和根中蔗糖含量显著低于受体大豆东农50,初花期差异不显著。在水分胁迫条件下,转DREB3基因抗旱大豆SOD活性显著高于受体大豆东农50,丙二醛含量显著低于受体大豆东农50,初花期水分胁迫第10天时叶片和茎中脯氨酸含量显著高于受体大豆东农50,蔗糖含量显著低于受体大豆东农50。充足灌水管理下,转DREB3基因抗旱大豆与受体大豆东农50相比,苗期和初花期叶片、茎和根中SOD活性、丙二醛和脯氨酸含量无明显差异;苗期转DREB3基因抗旱大豆叶片中蔗糖含量显著低于受体大豆东农50,但在初花期水分胁迫10天时转DREB3基因抗旱大豆叶片中蔗糖含量显著高于受体大豆东农50,苗期和初花期茎和根中蔗糖含量无显著差异。     

Reproductive barriers to hybridizations between narrow-leaf and broad-leaf Anoectochilus roxburghii

Narrow-leaf and broad-leaf Anoectochilus roxburghii were used as reciprocal parents to explore the reason for low seed setting rate. Pollen-pistil interaction was observed by fluorescence microscopy and hybrid embryo development by paraffin section technology. The results indicated that pollen tube growth could reach the embryo sac, and double fertilization could be completed. These findings showed that a pre-fertilization barrier was not the major factor in the cross of narrow-leaf and broad-leaf A. roxburghii. The endosperm development of the hybrid was abnormal and eventually promoted abortion of the embryos. A post-fertilization barrier appears to be the major factor for low seed setting rate in the cross of narrow-leaf and broad-leaf A. roxburghii. In addition, an efficient protocol of embryo rescue, the development of which is reported elsewhere, was used to compare the time needed for rescue between the reciprocal crosses.     

两种辣椒雄性不育系主要农艺性状对比分析

为了解两种辣椒雄性不育系的农艺性状,对细胞核雄性不育系G06-77-2A、细胞核质互作雄性不育系C06-77-2A及两个不育系的可育系G06-77-2B的株高、开展度、花蕾、雄蕊、雌蕊等方面进行对比分析。结果表明,(1)不育系除在株高和开展度较可育系大之外,其他性状和可育系基本一样;(2)雄性不育系的花蕾及雄蕊干质量都小于其相应的可育系,而雌蕊有异常膨大的现象,这一规律细胞核质互作不育系较细胞核不育系更突出,果实没有显著性差异。可见,辣椒细胞核质互作不育系C06-77-2A及细胞核雄性不育系G06-77-2A的整体性状好,个体间表现基本一致,能够运用于不育性状的回交转育亲本或选配杂交一代亲本。     

汞矿区周围环境及畜禽砷、铅、铬污染情况调查

目的:对汞矿周围环境和畜禽进行砷、铅、铬污染调查,为掌握其污染情况提供依据。方法:电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS测定。结果:环境中水源污染铅、砷严重,蔬菜、粮食受到不同程度污染;鸡、鸭组织铅污染严重;猪、牛、羊砷、铅污染严重,部分组织受铬轻度污染。结论:汞矿周围环境以及饲养的畜禽存在严重砷、铅污染,轻度铬污染。     

番茄人工杂交制种高产栽培技术(上)

济源市位于河南省西北部,境内独特的小气候、天然隔离条件和完善的农业水利设施,使其成为国家级玉米、蔬菜制种基地,常年制种面积10万余亩,其中蔬菜制种面积3万余亩。尤其是番茄的人工杂交制种有     

龙眼果实低温贮藏性能常规指标评价体系的构建

以6个品种的龙眼果实为试验材料，监测了低温[（4±0.5）℃]贮藏期间25个常规指标，运用相关分析、因子分析和逐步回归分析方法对果实的贮藏性能进行综合评估。结果表明：（1）分别得到了与褐变指数、自溶指数、衰老度和失重率等显著相关的指标公因子组成及其解释指标，并构建了相应的数学预测模型；（2）通过逐步回归分析，得到了不同贮藏效果的有效评价指标，其中，褐变指数包括失重率、皮电导率、皮果糖和皮还原糖，自溶指数为肉还原糖，失重率包括肉还原糖和皮蔗糖，衰老度包括皮果糖、皮电导率和失重率； （3）6个品种中，石硖贮藏性能最好，其次为储良、立冬本、水眼、东壁，后壁埔最差，评价指标中，皮电导率作用最大，其次是失重率、皮果糖和皮还原糖，肉还原糖作用最小； （4）本研究得到的4个预测模型中，除自溶指数外，其它3个均具有较好的解释作用。     

Estimating spatial mean soil water contents of sloping jujube orchards using temporal stability

Estimating spatial mean soil water contents from point-scale measurements is important to improve soil water management in sloping land of semiarid areas. Temporal stability analysis, as a statistical technique to estimate soil water content, is an effective tool in terms of facilitating the upscaling estimation of mean values. The objective of this study was to examine temporal stability of soil water profiles (0–20, 20–40, 40–60 and 0–60 cm) in sloping jujube (Zizyphus jujuba) orchards and to estimate field mean root-zone soil water based on temporal stability analysis in the Yuanzegou catchment of the Chinese Loess Plateau, using soil water observations under both dry and wet soil conditions. The results showed that different time-stable locations were identified for different depths and the temporal stability of soil water content in 20–40 cm was significantly (P < 0.05) weaker than that in other depths. Moreover, these time-stable locations had relatively high clay contents, relatively mild slopes and relatively planar surfaces compared to the corresponding field means. Statistical analysis revealed that the temporal stability of root zone soil water (0–60 cm) was higher in either dry or wet season than that including both, and soil water exhibited very low temporal stability during the transition period from dry to wet. Based on the temporal stability analysis, field mean soil water contents were estimated reasonably (R² from 0.9560 to 0.9873) from the point measurements of these time-stable locations. Since the terrains in this study are typical in the hilly regions of the Loess Plateau, the results presented here should improve soil water management in sloping orchards in the Loess Plateau.