An evaluation of the pesera soil erosion model and its application to a case study in Zakynthos, Greece

Abstract. The Pan‐European Soil Erosion Risk Assessment (pesera ) model was evaluated using existing soil erosion data collected under various types of climate, vegetation, landscape and soil conditions. The data used represent a variety of typical Mediterranean land uses such as winter wheat, vines, olives and bare, stony land prevailing in hilly areas. Using this data, the model was calibrated for sediment transport by overland flow and results compared to measured soil erosion values from runoff plots and a watershed on a monthly basis. The performance of the model was assessed statistically, showing that it can be satisfactorily used for predicting soil erosion rates under the conditions included in the study. The overall model estimate including all the available experimental data was 0.69 t ha^?1 yr^?1 with a maximum error of 1.49 t ha^?1 yr^?1. After validation, the model was applied to a small watershed (60 ha) of great ecological importance for the sea turtle Caretta caretta. For this purpose, soil and vegetation maps were compiled from all the necessary data for applying the model. The model was run for three years using daily data from an existing nearby meteorological station. The predicted and measured soil erosion rates for a 7‐month period were 0.31 t and 0.18 t, respectively. Application of the model to each mapping unit showed the over‐riding importance of land use for sediment generation under the given climatic conditions. Bare land, occupying 5.5% of the watershed area, generated up to 69% of the total sediments estimated for the watershed. It is concluded that the pesera model can be used as a regional diagnostic tool under a range of soil, topographic and climatic conditions for identifying the best land use type and vegetation cover to protect hilly areas from soil erosion. The calculated overall root mean square error for the model is 0.06 t ha^?1 yr^?1, compared to a soil erosion rate of 0.04 t ha^?1 yr^?1, which can be tolerated for protecting the area for the sea turtle.     

双T-DNA表达载体转化大豆的研究

利用含有筛选标记基因和目的基因△6-脂肪酸脱氢酶基因的双T-DNA共转化表达载体pLIN61,经农杆菌EHA101介导,采用子叶节转化法转化大豆,使用除草剂Glufosinate作为筛选剂,获得了一批携带有玻璃苣△6-脂肪酸脱氢酶基因的转基因大豆,转化效率为2.0%,共转化频率及实际转化率分别为56.25%、1.12%.PCR检测和Southern杂交结果证明,玻璃苣D6D已经整合到大豆的基因组上.RT-PCR检测结果显示,玻璃苣△6-脂肪酸脱氢酶基因在转基因大豆的转录水平上得到了表达.     

台江采育场竹木混交林丰产措施试验

对台江林业采育场现有竹木混交林进行施肥和土壤垦复两种试验，结果表明，不同施肥处理虽有一定增产效果，但经方差分析未达到显著水平；不同土壤垦复措施的增产效果，以深翻加施肥的新竹产量最高，锄草松土居第二，单纯深翻并不理想，效果不如劈山抚育。因而，新兴竹木混交林应以调整竹林结构和护笋养竹为主，每年锄草松土即可达到材用丰产林标准，不宜盲目深翻、施肥。     

论沙棘根系与功能Ⅲ——共生固氮机理、条件与初级氮代谢

沙棘的根瘤是由宿主瘤组织和侵入的弗兰克氏菌共栖结合组成的。在固氮与氮同化过程中，它们之间既有明确的分工又有高度协调完美的结合。沙棘根瘤组织提供菌体生长、发育和固氮的最适环境与营养，防止O2对固氮酶的伤害，N2的吸收，NH3的同化与转运，提供与胺结合的初级酮酸基团和ATP供能等。而弗兰克氏菌的主要功能是：在泡囊中由高效的固氮酶及其辅因子，完成由N2→NH3的还原过程。因此，固氮，胺的同化和利用，是宿主和菌共同协同而实现的一个生理生化过程。其表现与表达的特点是：共栖是基础；多条代谢途径调控是保证；多酶体系是代谢途径的调控中心；功能与结构上的定位、分层、分区、分功，是以连续的时、空偶联而实现固氮全过程的条件。深入研究和认识固氮机理与条件，不仅具有理论上的意义，更具有指导种植和生态工程建设的现实作用。     

The effects of experimentally induced fever on the estimated blood flow to and oxygen utilization by the liver and the viscera drained by the portal vein in sheep

Intrajugular injection of a purified E. coli lipopolysaccharide induced a biphasic fever in sheep after a latent period of 12 to 20 min. The changes in the blood flow from the liver and from the viscera drained by the portal vein were: (a) in the latent period, decreases in total hepatic blood flow (THF) due to decreased portal venous blood flow (PVF); (b) during the first febrile phase, increases in THF due to increased hepatic arterial blood flow and, (c) in the second febrile phase, increases in THF due to decreased PVF. Although there were large variations in the oxygen supply to the viscera drained by the portal vein and to the liver, there were relatively small or no changes in their oxygen consumption.     

关于做好党风廉政教育工作的几点思考

党风廉政教育在党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争中具有重要的作用。做好新形势下的党风廉政建设工作，就必须开展行之有效的党风廉政教育活动，并做到认识到位、意识突出、机制创新、措施完备、内容丰富和参与积极。     

硒营养研究的最新进展

前言硒（Se），作为一个化学元素，是１８０年前首先由瑞典化学家Berzlius发现的。此后，有不少关于其化学特性和生物活性的文章发表于世。在３０年代，硒被认为是一种毒性元素，甚至被认为有致癌性，所以随后２０年的研究主要是集中于硒毒性的研究。到了１９５７年才开始明确硒是动物营养中的一个重要营养素。当１９７３年Rbtruck及其同事们阐明了硒是动物体内一种抗氧化酶———谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH－Px）的重要成分之后，有关硒的知识大大地扩展了。然而，只是到了近代对硒的生理基础科学有了更为微观的了解后，硒的研究才被提高…