Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) integrins αvβ3 and αvβ6 as FMDV receptors: Molecular cloning, sequence analysis and comparison with other species

Integrins are heterodimeric adhesion receptors that participate in a variety of cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix protein interactions. Many integrins recognize RGD sequences displayed on extracellular matrix proteins and the exposed loops of viral capsid proteins. Four members of the αv integrin family of cellular receptors, αvβ3, αvβ6, αvβ1 and αvβ8, have been identified as receptors for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in vitro, and integrins are believed to be the receptors used to target epithelial cells in the infected animals. To analyse the roles of the αv integrins from a susceptible species as viral receptors, we have cloned Bactrian camel αv, β3 and β6 integrin cDNAs and compared them to those of other species. The coding sequences for Bactrian camel integrin αv, β3 and β6 were found to be 3165, 2289 and 2367 nucleotides in length, encoding 1054, 762 and 788 amino acids, respectively. The Bactrian camel αv, β3 and β6 subunits share many structural features with homologues of other species, including the ligand binding domain and cysteine-rich region. Phylogenetic trees and similarity analyses showed the close relationships of integrin genes from Bactrian camels, pigs and cattle, which are each susceptible to FMDV infection, that were distinct from the orders Rodentia, Primates, Perissodactyla, Carnivora, Galliformes and Xenopus. We postulate that host tropism of FMDV may in part be related to the divergence in integrin subunits among different species.     

家蚕对核型多角体病的抗性及遗传规律的研究

试验研究了家蚕对ＮＰＶ病的抵抗性及其遗传规律，结果表明：家蚕品种间存在抗性差异，幼虫期的攻毒发病率与全龄虫蛹率成极显著的负相关，抗性对感性呈不完全显性，是由两对以上基因控制的，至少有一对为主效基因，再一次证明有偏父遗传现象，其狭义遗传力为３６．１％。     

芦荟乙酰化甘露聚糖对肉仔鸡肠道主要菌群、小肠微绒毛密度、免疫功能及生产性能的影响

为研究芦荟凝胶、芦荟多糖、乙酰化甘露聚糖对内仔鸡肠道主要菌群、小肠微绒毛密度、免疫功能及生产性能的影响，600只粤黄鸡随机分为5组．每组设6个重复．雌雄各半。分别施以5种不同日粮：①基础日粮添加乙酰化甘露聚糖0．1％；②基础日粮添加乙酰化甘露聚糖0．05％；③基础日粮添加芦荟多糖0．1％；④基础日粮添加芦荟凝胶干粉0.1％；⑤对照组（基础日粮），试验期为56d。结果表明．肉仔鸡饲粮中添加芦荟凝胶、芦荟多糖、乙酰化甘露聚糖。能显著降低盲肠内容物大肠杆菌浓度．提高盲肠内双歧杆菌和乳酸菌杆菌浓度（P〈0．05）；回肠微绒毛高度增加、密度加大（P〈0．05）；免疫器官胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊相对质量均显著增加．新城疫抗体效价显著提高（P〈0．05）；添加芦荟多糖提高了肉仔鸡的日增重和降低了料肉比．但试验组与对照组之间的差异不显著。     

ST贴壁细胞悬浮驯化及应用

为将ST贴壁细胞通过自主驯化,使其能在ST-S细胞无血清培养基中悬浮生长且能稳定传代,在摇瓶中实现高密度生长,并应用于猪伪狂犬病毒(PRV)悬浮培养,经ST-A低血清培养基适应培养,对一株贴壁的ST细胞进行了无血清的全悬浮驯化,并将PRV在悬浮细胞中连续盲传培养。结果显示:ST悬浮细胞能在无血清培养基中传代,培养48 h至第3代后,所能达到的最终细胞密度为3.00×10^(6 )cells/mL以上;PRV连续培养至第5代,毒价可达到109.0 TCID50/mL。结果表明,用专用培养基可使ST贴壁细胞实现悬浮驯化,并可应用于PRV悬浮培养。本研究为获得高密度ST悬浮细胞和提高PRV增殖效率奠定了技术基础。     

基于MaxEnt模型预测漆树在中国的潜在适生区研究

基于漆树的206条现代地理分布记录和9种环境因子变量数据,采用MaxEnt模型模拟了漆树在中国的适生分布区,并综合利用贡献率、刀切法检验和响应曲线对影响漆树分布的主导因子进行分析。结果表明：MaxEnt模型模拟预测精度较高,AUC值达0.941;年均降水量、海拔、年平均温度和温度变化方差为影响漆树地理分布的主导环境因子,目前漆树适生区主要集中在中国西南地区的秦巴山、横断山脉、云贵高原和四川盆地等。研究结果对中国漆树人工林的合理栽植和科学区划具有一定的参考价值。     

迷宫景观设计与应用研究

迷宫景观是西方传统的造园形式,在西方园林中有着悠久的历史和深远的文化内涵。随着景观设计领域不断地延伸和拓展,近几年,迷宫也在国内景观设计中相继出现,受到人们青睐。着重对迷宫概念和发展历程梳理总结,并对其构成要素、设计形式进行深入研究,分析其应用现状,为今后迷宫景观的营造提供理论基础。     

泛素/26S蛋白酶体途径调节非生物胁迫的研究进展

随着环境的恶化和资源的匮乏,非生物胁迫已成为制约植物生长和发育的重要因素,严重影响农作物的产量和农产品的品质。泛素/26S蛋白酶体途径(ubiquitin/26Sproteasome pathway,UPP)通过特异性地降解泛素化修饰的蛋白质,介导了植物生长发育的诸多方面,并在植物应对非生物胁迫过程中起关键的调控作用。该文主要概述了泛素/26S蛋白酶体途径及其调控植物响应非生物胁迫机制的研究进展。     

Effects of dietary oregano essential oil supplementation on growth performance,intestinal antioxidative capacity,immunity, and intestinal microbiota in yellow-feathered chickens

Essential oils are plant-derived aromatic volatile oils, and they contain bioactive compounds that have been shown to improve poultry nutrition. In this study, we investigated the effects of oregano essential oil (OEO) on intestinal antioxidative capacity, immunity, and gut microbiota of young yellow-feathered chickens. A total of nine hundred and sixty 1-d-old female Qingyuan partridge chickens were randomly allocated to four treatment groups with six replicates of 40 birds each, and the feeding trial was lasted for 30 d. The controls were fed on a basal diet without in-feed antibiotics; the birds in the antibiotic group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 20 mg/kg virginiamycin; the remaining birds were fed the basal diet containing 150 or 300 mg/kg OEO, respectively. Dietary supplementation with 150 or 300 mg/kg OEO increased average daily feed intake (P = 0.057) and average daily gain (P < 0.05). The activities of glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidative capacity in plasma, jejuna, and ileal mucosa were increased by OEO supplementation (P < 0.05), with a trend of lower jejunal content of malonaldehyde (P = 0.062). Moreover, dietary OEO increased the content of secretory immunoglobulin A (P = 0.078) and the relative expression of Claudin 1, Mucin 2, and Avain beta-defensin 1 in ileum (P < 0.05). Sequencing data of 16S rRNA indicated that dietary OEO increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes phylum, and Clostridium and Lactobacillus genera, and decreasing that of Romboutsia. Functional analyses indicated that microbial amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, replication, and repair systems were higher in OEO groups than those of controls and antibiotic treatment. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with OEO enhanced growth performance, alleviated local oxidative stress in intestine, improved production of natural antibodies, and favorably modulated intestinal microbiota composition.     

关于强化我国动物防疫体系的几点思考与建议

建立健全动物防疫体系既是有效防控非洲猪瘟等重大动物疫病的迫切需要,也是促进畜牧业持续健康发展、维护人民群众身体健康和动物产品质量安全的必然要求。但目前,我国动物防疫体系面临工作力量不足、基层队伍不稳、运行机制不畅、保障水平不够等问题,难以适应控制和消灭重大动物疫病、保障生猪等重要畜禽产品稳产保供的新形势新要求。建议从突出强化基层动物防疫体系、建立健全兽医卫生社会化服务体系、加快动物防疫智能化转型等三个方面发力,积极构建适合中国国情的新型动物防疫体系,切实维护畜牧业生产安全和公共卫生安全。