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951.
林木培育目标应根据林分立地条件类型、林分生长类型等级、森林经营集约度和社会材种需求综合确定。通过林木定向培育提早主伐年龄以获得较高目的材种产量。对大径材培育主伐年龄应先与工艺成熟龄比较后确定。良种化林木培育是森林经营水平的重要标志,与Ⅰ类林分相比仍提早主伐年龄,增加材种产量1倍左右。应具体分析目前速生丰产林生长状况,林龄面积分布等,调整林木培育目标和主伐年龄,以保证森林资源的永续利用。 相似文献
952.
953.
基于GIS的森林消防指挥信息系统的构建 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
介绍了综合运用现代信息技术与网络通讯技术,设计和开发的福建省泉州市森林消防指挥系统的建设目标,运行的硬件、软件环境,系统设计原则。详细阐述了包括电子监控微波传输与卫星图像接收处理,林业基础信息管理,消防队伍、物资与生物防火林带、隔离设施管理,火灾损失评估与统计管理,多媒体信息管理5个子系统在内的系统总体构建及各子系统技术设计与功能。 相似文献
954.
955.
To determine the effects of lifting time and storage on water-stress resistance of nursery-grown white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) seedlings, we compared gas exchange, water relations and mortality of 3-year-old seedlings lifted in October 1991 and stored at -2 degrees C for 3 months with seedlings lifted in January 1992. The seedlings were placed in nutrient solution and subjected to -1.1 or -2.7 MPa water stress induced by polyethylene glycol 3350 for 9 days. Water stress, but not lifting time, had a significant effect on seedling net assimilation, symplastic volume and turgor loss point. In a second experiment, seedlings lifted in October 1991 were stored at -2 degrees C for 7 months and compared with seedlings lifted in May 1992. The seedlings were planted in pots, and their gas exchange and water relation parameters measured in response to gradual water stress. The results suggest that prolonged cold storage retards photosynthetic recovery of seedlings after planting. Higher rates of net assimilation in seedlings lifted in May were not directly related to their water status. Nonstomatal limitations were the primary factor influencing photosynthetic rate. We conclude that the inferior ability of cold-stored seedlings to tolerate water stress was due to poor osmotic adjustment and a lag in recovery of photosynthesis. 相似文献
956.
A protocol is described for the in vitro production of plantlets from embryonic explants of eastern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.). Bud induction was optimal when embryonic explants were cultured for 20-25 days on half-strength Quoirin and Le Poivre mineral salts containing equimolar concentrations (10(-6) M) of N(6)-benzyladenine and 2-isopentyl adenine. Bud development was achieved in phytohormone-free medium in the presence of activated charcoal. Maximal shoot elongation occurred on half-strength Quoirin and Le Poivre salts, whereas shoot multiplication was optimal on half-strength Bornman's MCM salts in the presence of cytokinin. Hardened shoots, dipped in commercial rooting powder containing indole-3-butyric acid, rooted optimally in mist under non-sterile greenhouse conditions. Both rooting and subsequent plantlet growth was best when Redi-Earth((R)) was used as a substrate. Over 250 plantlets per embryo can be produced annually by this technique. 相似文献
957.
We made inoculations to determine the comparative virulence of blue-stain fungi isolated from Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. & Zucc.). Based on the symptoms caused by each fungus, the most virulent fungus was Leptographium wingfieldii. Also, Ophiostoma minus was relatively virulent while lesions induced by some species did not differ from those in the control treatment. Based on
the results, we concluded that the pathogenicity of the blue-stain fungi varied widely, and thus their impact on the host
most likely varies too.
Received: June 7, 2002 / Accepted: October 4, 2002
Present address: JST Domestic Research Fellow, Forest Pathology Laboratory, Tohoku Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products
Research Institute, 92-25 Nabeyashiki, Shimo-Kuriyagawa, Morioka 020-0123, Japan Tel +81-19-648-3961; Fax +81-19-641-6747
e-mail: H_masu@hotmail.com
Acknowledgments We thank Drs. Ohtaka and Usuki, Plant Pathology and Mycology Laboratory, Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, University
of Tsukuba, for technical assistance. Contribution No. 174, Plant Pathology and Mycology Laboratory, Institute of Agriculture
and Forestry, University of Tsukuba.
Correspondence to:H. Masuya 相似文献
958.
The amounts of CO2 that are absorbed and emitted by forest in a model stand area were determined using two calculation methods, namely the flow
approach and the stock approach for emission trading, to understand the relationships between the cutting age for the highest
profit rate (CAHPR; optimum tree ages to be cut so as to maximize the profit) and (1) the prices of CO2 and (2) the balance between CO2 emission and absorption. The resultant CAHPR differed between these two CO2 accounting methods, which give different tree ages for maximum log volume yield. A rise in CO2 price caused the CAHPR to approach the tree age of maximum log volume in the flow approach method, and to deviate from the
tree age of maximum log volume in the stock approach method. Even at the same CO2 price, the CAHPR differed between the CO2 accounting methods. At low CO2 prices, the CAHPR did not affect situations where the difference of average profit is large by cutting age. On the other
hand, the CAHPR was greatly affected at low CO2 prices when the mean log volume growth changed with tree age. These trends were found to be universal.
Received: September 18, 2001 / Accepted: October 25, 2002
Acknowledgments This study is one of the fifth science study subsidy projects of the Japan Forest Technology Association.
Correspondence to:K. Sakata 相似文献
959.
The hypothesis that carbohydrate partitioning is driven by competition among individual plant organs, based on each organ's growth potential, was used to develop a simulation model of the carbon supply and demand for reproductive and vegetative growth in peach trees. In the model, photosynthetic carbon assimilation is simulated using daily minimum and maximum temperature and solar radiation as inputs. Carbohydrate is first partitioned to maintenance respiration, then to leaves, fruits, stems and branches, then to the trunk. Root activity is supported by residual carbohydrate after aboveground growth. Verification of the model was carried out with field data from trees that were thinned at different times. In general, the model predictions corresponded to field data for fruit and vegetative growth. The model predicted that resource availability limited fruit and stem growth during two periods of fruit growth, periods that had been identified in earlier experimental studies as resource-limited growth periods. The model also predicted that there were two periods of high carbohydrate availability for root activity. The fit between model predictions and field data supports the initial hypothesis that plants function as collections of semiautonomous, interacting organs that compete for resources based on their growth potentials. 相似文献
960.
Summary Ozonation of kraft pulp and oxygen-delignified kraft pulp in acetic acid/water mixtures has been studied at different pulp consistencies with and without an inhibitor to obtain information about the limitations of the selectivity of the ozone treatment. The experiments have been performed according to a full factorial design and data have been analysed by stepwise regression analysis. The results show that a better delignification selectivity can be achieved when ozone is applied in acetic acid media instead of conventional aqueous media. By combining conventional oxygen delignification and ozonation in acetic acid, pulps with equal strength properties and better optical properties compared to those of conventional O(DC)E prebleached pulps can be obtained. This study has also revealed that the reagent is utilized far more efficiently in ozonation at high pulp consistency (35%) than in ozonation at low consistency (1%), and that a similar selectivity can be achieved in both types of ozonation by choosing appropriate conditions. The greater selectivity of ozonation in acetic acid than in water is interpreted in terms of different stabilities of the oxidant in these reaction media. The relation between the formation of hydroxyl radicals and the extent and selectivity of delignification during ozonation has been investigated. The final bleaching of pulps prebleached with ozone in acetic acid medium has been studied. Two final bleaching sequences are presented, by which pulps with ISO brightness levels of 79% and 90% can be produced.The authors are indebted to the Swedish National Board for Technical Development (Styrelsen för Teknisk Utveckling) for financial support for this work and to STORA Technology for pulp tests and analyses 相似文献