辉夜姬——日本竹文化的象征

《竹取物语》是日本物语文学之＂鼻祖＂,有着浓厚的日本竹文化背景。通过小说中竹文化背景、竹子发光、竹灵信仰、竹工艺文化、三月长大、辉夜姬的光辉、命名竹文化、管弦竹文化、八月十五升月日等方面,揭示日本竹文化内涵,论证了此竹之传奇的主人公辉夜姬业已成为日本竹文化的象征。     

Effect of ammonia and nitrite on vigour,survival rate,moulting rate of the blue swimming crab <Emphasis Type="Italic">Portunus pelagicus</Emphasis> zoea

The effects of ammonia and nitrite on vigour, survival rate, moulting rate of zoea of blue swimming crab, Portunus pelagicus, were studied. A total of five nitrite-N treatments (26.67, 53.34, 106.68, 213.36, 426.72 mg/l) and a control (no nitrite-N added) were set up for the acute nitrite-N toxicity experiment; a total of five ammonia-N treatments (8.43, 16.86, 33.72, 67.44, 134.88 mg/l) and a control (no ammonia-N added) were set up for the acute ammonia-N toxicity experiment. The results showed that the vigour, survival rate and moulting rate of zoea of the blue swimming crabs exposed to over 53.34 mg/l were significantly different (P < 0.05) from the control group. The zoea LC₅₀ values (mg/l) of nitrite-N were 179.47, 76.56, 66.70, 37.49, 25.01, 25.35, 25.34 mg/l for 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96 h, respectively. The vigour, survival rate and moulting rate of zoea of the blue swimming crabs exposed to over 16.86 mg/l were significantly different (P < 0.05) from the control group. The zoea LC₅₀ values (mg/l) of ammonia-N were 51.04, 39.62, 38.72, 24.43, 16.90, 13.42, 11.16 mg/l for 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96 h, respectively. The zoeae are highly sensitive to ammonia and nitrite, and the toxicity of ammonia and nitrite on Portunus pelagicus decrease with development of this crab.     

L-肉碱在动物生产中的应用

文章综述了L-肉碱的定义、合成与检测方法及其在动物生产中的应用。     

鹦哥岭自然保护区海南锯腿树蛙种群分布以及繁殖生物学研究

2011年2月~2012年7月,对海南鹦哥岭自然保护区内的海南锯腿树蛙(Rhacophorus hainanus)种群分布进行了调查,用野外观察与室内饲养的方法对其繁殖生物学进行了初步研究。结果表明:海南锯腿树蛙分布在鹦哥岭自然保护区内海拔800m以上的溪流边或是季节性水潭附近;该蛙具有明显的性二型特点;繁殖季节为每年的3月至6月,繁殖地为季节性水潭,繁殖包括鸣叫求偶、抱对、产卵三个过程,每次产卵量为126±77枚,蛙卵约7d孵化为蝌蚪,57d蝌蚪变态成为幼蛙。该蛙唇齿式为I:4+4/1+1:II,与云南部分蝌蚪标本以及越南采集的蝌蚪标本有差异。     

Effects of dietary Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance,immune response and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets

The present study investigated the effects of Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance, immune response and intestinal barrier function of weaned piglets. Twenty-four weaned piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 6.89 ± 0.15 kg were divided into four diets for 28 days. The treatments were basal diet (control), basal diet supplemented with antibiotic (20 mg/kg colistin sulphate and 40 mg/kg bacitracin zinc, AT), probiotics (400 mg/kg Bacillus coagulans ≥5 × 109 CFU/g, BC) or yeast hydrolysate (5000 mg/kg yeast hydrolysate, YH). Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were improved by AT and YH diets (p < 0.05), while BC diet only increased ADG (p < 0.05). The complement 3 (C3), lysozyme (LZM) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations in serum were increased in BC diet (p < 0.05). Feeding AT and YH caused the increase of jejunal villus height (p < 0.05), and a higher ratio of villus height/crypt depth was observed in AT, BC and YH groups (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in jejunal mucosa was up-regulated by AT, BC and YH diets (p < 0.05). Dietary AT, BC or YH inclusion decreased the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) concentration and TNF-α mRNA expression (p < 0.05), and YH supplementation even down-regulated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CD14 expressions (p < 0.05). In summary, the dietary administration of BC or YH both improves growth performance through promoting the intestinal barrier function, indicating both of them can serve as potential alternatives to antibiotics growth promoters for the piglet production.     

Molecular identification and relative abundance of microorganisms in douchi koji and salted egg white sufu during processing

A novel animal protein-based douchi koji-inoculated steamed salted egg white sufu (SEWS) has been developed. This study determined the relative abundance of microorganisms in the douchi koji and semi-finished (5-day fermentation) and finished (5-day fermentation and 14-day ripening) SEWS by using 16S and 18S ribosomal DNA and gene-cloning methods. The results revealed that Bacillus spp. and Aspergillus oryzae were dominant in the douchi koji. In the semi-finished SEWS, the percentages of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis were considerably lower, whereas those of Enterococcus and Staphylococcus were substantially higher. In the finished SEWS, Bacillus spp. became dominant again and A. oryzae was the only fungus detected. In conclusion, by using molecular techniques, microbial population dynamics in SEWS can be evaluated. During processing, the relative abundance of microorganisms in SEWS changed and Bacillus spp. and A. oryzae remained dominant. This study provides crucial information for designing starter cultures for producing SEWS.     

Association between weight change during initial chemotherapy and clinical outcome in dogs with multicentric lymphoma

The majority of the known prognostic factors in dogs with lymphoma have been evaluated before treatment commences or at the time of diagnosis. Prognostic factors evaluated during the initial phase of treatment are less described but may provide important clinical information. In this retrospective study, 82 canine lymphoma patients were categorized according to the weight change between diagnosis and after 5 weeks of chemotherapy. Dogs that gained greater than 5% or lost greater than 5% of initial body weight were categorized as increased‐ or decreased‐weight groups, respectively. Those in which weight changed less than 5% were categorized as the maintained‐weight group. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) in the increased‐weight group, maintained‐weight group and decreased‐weight group was 226, 256 and 129 days, respectively. The decreased‐weight group had significantly shorter PFS than the increased and maintained groups (P = .023, P = .003, respectively). The median survival time (ST) in the increased‐weight group, maintained‐weight group and decreased‐weight group was 320, 339 and 222 days, respectively. There was no significant difference in ST among the three groups (P = .128). In Cox‐regression results, weight change group and initial body weight were significant risk factors associated to PFS (P = .007, P = .001, respectively) while only patient's initial body weight was a significant risk factor to ST (P = .013). In conclusion, evaluation of initial body weight and weight changes over time can provide valuable information regarding PFS and ST in dogs with multicentric lymphoma.     

智慧养猪中猪只个体识别技术的选择

智慧养猪已成为生猪产业发展的新趋势,其核心主要聚焦于智能环控、智能饲喂和对猪群的视频监控等技术的应用。大数据采集是实现智能化的前提,因此,通过射频识别（RFID）技术建立猪只大数据是实现智慧养猪的基础。通过正确的猪只个体识别技术的选型,在不同生命周期给猪只选配合适的电子耳标,给猪只建立精准的身份证明。在不同阶段的数据采集场景中,通过识别电子耳标产生真实数据的关联,准确掌握每一头猪从出生到屠宰再到消费市场终端之间的信息,从而确保了动物健康养殖、疫病控制和食品安全,真正意义上实现智慧养猪。     

立足大国农业,培养"养猪达人""猪生产技术"课程思政教学改革探索

文章以畜牧兽医类专业核心课程“猪生产技术”育人目标为出发点,结合“课程思政”的教育理念,阐述“猪生产技术”课程思政实施必要性,探索课程思政元素挖掘和教学实施,将爱国情怀、生态保护、责任担当、职业素养、团队协作、食品安全等思政元素融入课程教学过程中,旨在探索专业课程内容与思政内容融合要点,从而提高学生的专业素养、职业素养和道德水平。     

智慧养殖管理模式在养猪生产中的应用

随着现代科技的发展,物联网、区块链、人工智能、云计算、5G通信技术已经融入到人们的生活中,智能化设备将逐步解放劳动力资源,代替人类开展各项智慧化的复杂工作。在社会经济大发展和国家乡村振兴战略大背景下,为了更好地适应智慧畜牧业的发展趋势,文章以养猪生产为例,主要从现代化技术应用方面综述了国内外智慧畜牧的发展过程,描述了智慧畜牧业的概念及关键性技术,介绍了当前智慧养猪模式及其共性化智能管理技术方案、市场销售及溯源体系建设等,目的是为推广应用智慧养殖提供技术参考,进一步提高养猪生产效率和科技含量,提升智能管控水平,增进动物福利,实现资源共享,更好地推动养猪业朝着现代化、高质量、可持续方向发展。