Effects of fat supplementation on plasma glucose,insulin and fatty acid analysis in ponies maintained on a forage‐based diet

The objective of this study was to observe how fat incorporated into an equine forage‐based diet through supplementation altered levels of plasma glucose, insulin and fatty acids. Five Shetland/Hackney cross pony mares were fed alfalfa pellet diets top dressed with commercially available vegetable oil (blend of soya bean, canola and corn oils) at 0%, 5%, 10% or 15% of diet. Ponies were randomly assigned one of four diets to start, with a 14‐day adjustment period between transitioning to another one of the four diets. Ponies were gradually adapted to the new diet within the 14‐day period before a five‐day trial period. Each pony received all four diets by the end of the study. Each trial was a five‐day period with a three‐day sample collection. Blood samples for each collection week were taken 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240 and 270 min and at 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 hr post‐feeding. Excess fat did not impact plasma glucose (p > .1), nor did it affect blood plasma insulin concentration. While there was no time alteration found for plasma fatty acid concentration (p > .1), C14:0 increased when ponies were fed 0% fat and C18:2 decreased when ponies were fed 0% fat. Plasma fatty acids (% of total FA) were higher in C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 and C20:1 in the added fat diets (p < .1). These findings suggest the amounts reported in this study of fat supplementation on a forage‐based diet did influence the fatty acid analysis within the pony, but did not negatively impact blood glucose and insulin concentrations.     

北京地区规模化牛场BVDV持续感染牛清除方案的初步实施

BVDV持续感染牛(persistently infected,PI)是造成牛群内BVD难以根除的重要原因。为摸清北京地区BVDV-PI牛分布情况,探索BVD清除方案,本次筛查利用抗原捕获ELISA,对北京地区7个规模化奶牛场共14028头荷斯坦奶牛进行BVDV抗原检测。共检出PI牛58头,其中成母牛9头,后备牛49头;场内阳性率0.04～1.02%;PI牛与健康牛相比,平均出生体重相差5.9kg(P0.05),15月龄时体重相差94.6kg(P0.05),平均初配月龄和首次怀孕月龄分别延迟2.9个月和4.9个月(P0.05)。结果表明,PI牛个体发育缓慢且繁殖性能低下,但部分牛临床表现正常。以抗原捕获ELISA为主要检测手段的清除方案是控制BVD的有效方法。     

日粮蛋白质水平对断奶仔猪氮代谢的影响

试验研究了日粮不同蛋白质水平对断奶仔猪氮代谢的影响。试验采用完全随机设计,将72头35日龄断奶的仔猪分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复6头。4个组分别饲喂24%、22%、20%、18%蛋白水平的日粮。结果表明:粪氮排泄随日粮蛋白水平的升高而增加,24%蛋白组粪氮排泄量显著高于其它3组(P<0.05),尿氮变化不显著;22%、20%、18%蛋白组氮表观消化率无显著差异,24%蛋白组氮表观消化率显著低于其它3组(P<0.05);氮代谢率随蛋白水平上升而下降;血清总蛋白浓度与日粮蛋白水平无显著的相关性;血清尿素氮浓度随日粮蛋白水平的降低而降低。总之,考虑到仔猪生长和氮排出,仔猪日粮蛋白水平应以20%~22%为好,18%的日粮蛋白水平影响仔猪日沉积氮量。     

我国家驴遗传资源现状分析

文章对我国家驴的分布、数量及品质变化进行了阐述,概括了当今驴遗传资源科学研究进展,描述了家驴肉、驴皮、驴奶产业发展,提出了关于家驴产业发展的几点建议。     

灵芝孢子食用方法与破壁技术研究进展

为了促进灵芝孢子破壁技术的应用 ,对目前普遍运用的 5类破壁技术和方法进行了对比分析 ,表明破壁后的灵芝孢子更易被人体消化吸收 ,说明灵芝孢子的破壁后提取生理有效成分已经成为今后发展的方向     

The Effects of Freshwater Clam (Corbicula fluminea) Extract on Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) in Prediabetic Patients in Taiwan

Freshwater clam extract (FCE) is a functional food that regulates the immune system and has been demonstrated in numerous studies to display desirable anti–tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) responses. In addition, excess TNF-α production is positively associated with type 2 diabetes. However, few longitudinal clinical studies evaluating the efficiency and toxicity of FCE are available. This article reports that patients with prediabetes who received FCE had a desirable outcome of a reduction in serum TNF-α for a long period. This was a double-blind, randomized, parallel clinical trial conducted using FCE intervention and placebo groups, and 36 patients with prediabetes were enrolled. Two grams of FCE or placebo was consumed daily for 180 consecutive days. The serum of the participants was collected at four time points (0M: before the intervention; 3M: after 3 months of intervention; 6M: after 6 months of intervention; 12M: 6 months after cessation of intervention at 6M). A serum TNF-α concentration higher than 4.05 pg/mL was defined as a cut-off value. FCE reduced serum TNF-α in all participants at 6M and 12M. Moreover, FCE significantly suppressed serum TNF-α concentrations at 6M and 12M and inhibited TNF-α release with time series in subjects with elevated TNF-α values. FCE intervention effectively reduced serum TNF-α and persistently sustained the effects for half a year in patients with prediabetes. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GS-MS) analysis revealed that the major components of FCE were phytosterols and fatty acids, which exerted anti-inflammatory and anti-TNF-α abilities. Hence, FCE has the potential to be developed as a natural treatment for prediabetic patients in Taiwan.     

斑茅F1杂交可育亲本选择及其回交后代鉴定和主要经济性状

选用8个Badila(甘蔗热带种)与斑茅属间杂交F1品系与9个甘蔗栽培品种配制了24个回交组合，其中6个F1品系的13个组合杂交可育，共获346株BC1实生苗．经同工酶分析，其中320个株系具有斑茅的特征酶带，为斑茅的真实后代。在杂交可育性和BC1后代主要经济性状方面，斑茅F1品系间和杂交组合问均存在显著差异。斑茅BC1后代的产量性状和糖分仍与甘蔗栽培品种有较大差距，但各性状的最大值已与栽培品种的相当。初步研究结果表明，YC96—40和YC95—41是较好的斑茅F1亲本材料。     

水平圆盘精密排种器新型推刮种器

从水平圆盘精密排种器的工作原理出发，分析了现有推刮种器影响排种精度和导致种子破碎的原因，设计了新型滚珠式推刮种器。台架和田间试验结果表明，设计的推刮种器能降低种子破碎率并提高排种性能指标。     

17β-雌二醇和曲洛斯坦对大口黑鲈生长及性腺发育的影响

为获得大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)雌性化逆转的最适参数, 建立伪雌鱼性别诱导和全雄苗种创制技术,

采用15 日龄(days post hatching, dph)且体长为(1.00±0.01) cm 的大口黑鲈幼鱼为实验对象, 投喂拌有17β-雌二醇

(17β-estradiol, 17β-E2)或曲洛斯坦(trilostane, TR)的人工配合饲料, 3 个实验组饲料分别含有30 mg/kg 17β-E2、

30 mg/kg TR 和20 mg/kg 17β-E2+10 mg/kg TR (依次命名为E30、TR30 和E20TR10), 对照组饲料不含17β-E2 和TR

(命名为C), 60 d 后停止投喂外源激素, 分析饲喂17β-E2 和TR 对大口黑鲈生长性能、雌性比例、性腺发育的影响;

12 月龄时, 采集各实验组伪雌鱼和对照组雌雄鱼血液和性腺组织, 检测性类固醇类激素含量、dmrt1 和cyp19a1a

基因表达水平及卵巢发育形态。结果表明, 饲喂外源雌性激素60 d 后, E30 和E20TR10 组的体长和体重显著低于C

组(P<0.05), TR30 组的体长和体重高于对照组但无显著差异(P>0.05), E30、TR30 和E20TR10 组雌性比例分别为

100.00%、0%、100.00%, C 组雌性比例为53.33%; 性腺组织切片结果显示, C 组卵巢有大量初级卵母细胞, E30 和

E20TR10 组遗传雄鱼出现卵巢腔、卵原细胞和卵母细胞, 而TR30 组雄鱼未发生性逆转; 12 月龄时, 各实验组伪雌

鱼比例未发生变化, C 组雌性比例为46.67%; E30 和E20TR10 组伪雌鱼的卵巢发育迟滞, 处于II 期; 此外, E30 和

E20TR10 组伪雌鱼血清中雌二醇(estradilol, E2)含量显著高于对照组雄鱼(P<0.05), TR30 组低于对照组雄鱼, 但无

显著差异(P>0.05), 各实验组血清中睾酮(testosterone, T)含量显著高于对照组雌鱼(P<0.05)。与对照组雄鱼相比,

E30 和E20TR10 组伪雌鱼cyp19a1a 表达量显著上调(P<0.05), dmrt1 表达量显著下调(P<0.05)。综上所述, 本研究

投喂30 mg/kg TR 未获得伪雌鱼, 而投喂30 mg/kg 17β-E₂ 和20 mg/kg 17β-E₂+10 mg/kg TR 实验组均可获得大口黑

鲈伪雌鱼。12 月龄伪雌鱼卵巢处于II 期, 血清中E₂ 含量及卵巢中cyp19a1a 表达量均未到达正常雌鱼水平, 导致

卵巢发育迟滞。     

设施园艺移动平台分布式驱动自适应防滑控制

针对设施园艺特殊作业场景对电驱移动平台灵活作业与高操纵稳定性需求,该研究设计了一种四轮轮毂电机独立驱动的分布式设施园艺电驱移动平台,并提出了一种可提高转向灵活性与稳定性的自适应防滑控制策略。在该控制策略中,首先构建电驱移动平台动力学模型与Ackermann差速转向模型,结合速度瞬心原理及轮胎侧偏角确定各车轮转向目标转速;其次,为提高电驱移动平台对时变附着系数的适应能力,采用改进的强跟踪自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波算法设计复杂路面识别器,实现对路面附着系数准确估计;最后,设计基于自适应滑模算法的防滑控制器,根据路面附着系数估计值确定车轮相对最佳滑转率并实时控制滑转率。为验证所提控制策略的有效性,开展了Carsim-MATLAB/Simulink联合仿真与分布式设施园艺电驱移动平台实车试验。试验结果表明,所提控制策略可准确估计复杂道路下路面附着系数,降低车轮滑转率误差;在不变路面、对接路面与对开路面3种工况下,左侧车轮滑转率误差分别为0.031、0.015和0.038,右侧车轮滑转率误差分别为0.026、0.005和0.028;在不变路边随机路面实测路况下,电驱移动平台路面附着系分别数约为0.44和0.47,最大滑转率分别约为0.69和0.68,有效抑制了轮胎转向时的过度滑转,提高了电驱移动平台的行驶稳定性。研究可为设施园艺车辆驱动防滑控制提供具体理论依据和实施方案。