川中丘陵区小流域土壤侵蚀空间分异评价研究

将地理信息系统(GIS)技术Arc/Info与通用土壤流失方程(USLE)相结合进行了小流域土壤侵蚀量的估算。以盐亭农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站内的截流村小流域(简称截流村小流域)为研究对象,依据实地调查资料及地形、土地利用、土壤和植被等数据,建立了小流域空间数据库,利用GIS的栅格数据空间分析功能,将小流域空间离散化为10 m×10 m的栅格,在栅格内根据合适的USLE因子算法进行了土壤侵蚀量估算,进而对小流域内土壤侵蚀强度空间分异和小流域内侵蚀量进行了统计分析。结果表明,截流村小流域年均输沙模数为1244.7 t/(km2.a),侵蚀强度属轻度;坡耕地占流域面积的44.17%,年均土壤侵蚀模数为2195.0 t/(km2.a),其侵蚀总量占流域总侵蚀量77.93%,表明坡耕地是该小流域水土流失的策源地,小流域水土流失治理的关键是实现流域内坡耕地的合理利用。同时对于林地和小于10°坡耕地的侵蚀模数结果与相关研究仅相差19.8%和4.4%,证实了该模型的准确性和可靠性。     

旅游网络地理信息系统设计与开发初步探索

网络作为新的旅游信息平台，为旅游业的发展提供了新的契机，旅游网络地理信息系统的开发就成了形势的紧迫需要。首先，介绍了旅游网络地理信息系统开发的目的、对象，设定了系统开发的软硬件开发环境。然后详细阐述了开发旅游网络地理信息系统的结构设计思路、系统流程和系统数据库设计思想，最后说明了旅游网络地理信息系统实现的六大功能。对省、市各级地方和景区旅游网络信息系统的开发提供了有益的见解。     

白榆沙棘光合生理参数与土壤含水量关系研究

采用Li-6400便携式光合仪在模拟光照条件下，对不同水分处理的白榆、沙棘进行观测。观测参数包括：净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、胞间CO2浓度等。并且运用SPSS数据处理软件进行分析，从而确定白榆、沙棘光合生理参数与土壤含水量之间的关系，并在研究过程中对试验地土壤水分进行有效性评价；其等级分别为：无产无效水、低产低效水、高产高效水、高产低效水。而把高产高效水作为指导当地林业生产的土壤水分管理条件。结果表明白榆沙棘具有高产高效的土壤含水量分别为11．4％～17．2％；9．5％～16．5％。     

城市环境岩土工程的地下水灾害问题

从环境岩土工程学的角度出发,分析了人类在城市岩土工程活动中对地下水造成的一系列影响.文章概述了地面沉降、地下水过量开采及水质污染的现状,并简要的解释了地面沉降的机理以及地下水灾害问题引起的严重后果.最后提出了一些预防与治理措施.     

中国亚热带红壤旱坡地花生系统尿酸氮素去向

A field experiment was conducted to study the outcome of N using isotope-labeled urea with a peanut cropping system in a Udic Ferrosol on a 7% slope at the Ecological Experimental Station of Red Soil, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The micro-plots were designed in two sets with three replicates and four N treatments. An iron frame with its edge 10 cm above the ground was used to control soil erosion and runoff in set A, but in set B the upper edge of the frame was level with the ground. Randomly positioned ^15N fertilized micro-plots were established along the contour. At harvest on August 13, 2002, which was four months after urea application, the peanuts had absorbed 30.6%-38.0% of the urea, transpired 13.1%-22.4% to the atmosphere, lost 6.4%-8.4% through soil erosion and surface runoff, and maintained 40.7%-48.9% in the 0-60 cm soil layer with 0.5%-5.0% below 60 cm.     

高氧处理对冬枣货架期呼吸强度及品质变化的影响

该文研究了-2℃低温下用70％O₂、100％O₂分别处理冬枣7 d、15 d后，在20℃货架期期间果实的呼吸强度和品质变化。研究结果表明，70％O₂＋7 d处理促进了冬枣货架期呼吸强度的升高，100％O₂＋15 d处理能极显著抑制冬枣的呼吸强度。70％O₂处理7 d和15 d，或100％O₂处理15 d有利于冬枣果实货架期硬度的保持，但对可溶性固形物含量(SSC)的变化没有明显影响。100％O₂处理7 d和15 d均有利于Vc的保持，而70％O₂处理则促进了Vc的降解。高氧处理抑制了PPO活性的上升，100％O₂处理的效果更加明显。高氧处理15 d对抑制冬枣货架期腐烂有一定作用，但抑制效果仍不理想。总体来看，在低温下用100％O₂处理15 d，有利于提高冬枣果实在货架期期间的保鲜效果。     

白藜芦醇合成酶(RS)基因转化胡萝卜及高白藜芦醇转基因胡萝卜株系的筛选

白藜芦醇是具有抗病及多种保健功能的芪类次生代谢物,胡萝卜(Daucus carota var.sativa)则是富含β胡萝卜素等多种营养成分的重要蔬菜。研究着眼于创建具有白藜芦醇保健功能的胡萝卜新种质资源,在对葡萄(Vitis vinifera L.)白藜芦醇合成酶(resveratrol synthase,RS)基因在胡萝卜中高效表达的密码子优化基础上构建无潮霉素磷酸转移酶(HPT)抗性基因的转化载体pCB-RS-hyg-,应用根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导法将pCB和pCB-RS-hyg-共转化到胡萝卜并获得再生植株。经过T0、T1和T2代的逐代筛选,获得2个白藜芦醇含量较高(11.34和15.23mg/g)的转基因胡萝卜株系。     

沙质农田表层土壤水分扩散率测定及氯化钴试纸的应用研究

非饱和土壤水分扩散率是研究土壤水分运动规律必不可少的基本参数之一。本文应用水平土柱入渗法测定了科尔沁沙地沙质农田表层土壤的非饱和水分扩散率,并对氯化钴试纸在测定水分扩散率中的应用作了初步尝试和研究。主要结论如下：沙质农田表层土壤湿润锋迁移速率随着入渗距离的增大而减小,呈幂函数关系;波尔兹曼参数与土壤含水量呈直线关系;土壤水分扩散率与土壤含水量之间的关系,符合经验公式并呈指数函数变化。在应用水平土柱法测定非饱和土壤水分扩散率的过程中,氯化钴试纸法可以用于测定湿润锋的位置,特别是在高土壤含水量时,相比目视法而言更能显示其优势,在一定程度上可以提高测定结果的可靠性。     

蠡湖鱼类种质资源信息平台的初步研究

本文主要介绍了利用可视化开发语言、数据库技术和网络技术将历史的蠡湖鱼类种质资源数据进行整理、整合，最终通过网络发布，使蠡湖鱼类种质资源数据得到保存和共享。客户端录入平台和网站通过网络数据库被有机的结合在一起，更大程度的满足了数据维护和操作的需要。     

Soil colloids-bound plasmid DNA: Effect on transformation of E. coli and resistance to DNase I degradation

The adsorption and binding of plasmid p34S DNA on four different colloidal fractions from a Brown soil and clay minerals in the presence of various Ca²⁺ concentrations, the ability of bound DNA to transform competent cells of CaCl₂-treated Escherichia coli, and the resistance of bound DNA to degradation by DNase I were studied. DNA adsorption on soil colloids and clay minerals was promoted in the presence of Ca²⁺. Kaolinite exhibited the highest adsorption affinity for DNA among the examined soil colloids and clay minerals. In comparison with organo-mineral complexes (organic clays) and fine clays (<0.2 μm), DNA was tightly adsorbed by H₂O₂-treated clays (inorganic clays) and coarse clays (0.2-2 μm). The transformation efficiency of bound DNA increased with increasing concentrations of Ca²⁺ at which soil colloid or clay mineral-DNA complexes were formed. DNA bound by kaolinite showed the lowest transformation efficiency, and especially no transformants were observed with kaolinite-DNA complex prepared at 5-100 mM Ca²⁺. Compared to organic clays and fine clays, DNA bound on inorganic clays and coarse clays showed a lower capacity to transform E. coli at different Ca²⁺ concentrations. The presence of soil colloids and minerals provided protection to DNA against degradation by DNase I. Montmorillonite, organic clays and fine clays showed stronger protective effects for DNA than inorganic clays and coarse clays. The protection mechanisms as well as the differences in transforming efficiency of plasmid DNA molecules bound on various soil colloidal particles are discussed. The information obtained in this study is of fundamental significance for the understanding of the horizontal dissemination of recombinant DNA and the fate of extracellular DNA in soil environments.