互叶白千层无性系区域试验研究

以前期选育的互叶白千层Melaleuca alternifolia 6个优树无性系为材料，在福建寿宁、广东东源、广西钟山开展区域性试验，通过测量生长与精油性状发现，生长性状（树高、地径、胸径和树冠截面积）、鲜叶含油量和精油中4-松油醇占比在无性系水平上以及地点间均存在极显著差异，表明精油资源林培育中无性系遗传特性与生境适应性均很重要。6个无性系精油中的4-松油醇占比均超过30%，即达到国家标准GB/T 26514-2011要求。综合选择指数分析结果显示，广西钟山适宜推广无性系YHB1、YHB2、 YHB3，福建寿宁适宜种植无性系YHB1和YHB2，广东东源适宜发展无性系YHB1、YHB2、YHB3和YHB4。     

Metabonomics analysis of Zi goose follicular granulosa cells using ENO1 gene expression interference

The Zi goose is native to North-east China and is noted for its high egg production. Alpha enolase (ENO1) is a glycolytic enzyme which functions as a plasminogen receptor in follicular granulosa cells (FGCs), with several studies showing that FGCs can support follicular development. By transfecting the ENO1 interfering plasmid (shRNA) into FGCs, ENO1 expression in these cells was downregulated, suggesting the successful knock-down of ENO1 in these cells. In this knock-down model, we detected 13 metabolites from FGCs using LC/MS. When compared with the non-coding shRNA (NC) group, the lower level metabolites were (R)-(+)-citronellic acid, altretamine, 3-hydroxycaproic acid, heptadecanoic acid, cholecalciferol vitamin D3, indole, benzoic acid, capric acid, caffeic acid, azelaic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid and cholic acid, while oleic acid was detected at high levels. To further examine the results of metabolomics, six key metabolites were verified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We found that vitamin D3, indole, benzoic acid, capric acid and cholic acid were significantly downregulated in the shRNA group, while oleic acid was significantly upregulated. This observation was consistent with the metabolomics data. Through these studies, we found that decreased ENO1 levels altered certain metabolite levels in FGCs.     

Genetic characterization of anemone-type chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) using floral morphology and SRAP markers

An appreciation of the genetic diversity retained in the gene pool of anemone-type chrysanthemums is needed to drive further genetic improvement of this commercially important ornamental species. Here, a panel of 67 accessions was characterized with respect to both floral morphology, assessed using a set of 12 inflorescence-associated traits, and to genotype, using sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) fingerprinting. Abundant variation and a high level of broad-sense heritability (>88%) were revealed for all traits except number of tubular floret lobes. Of the possible 66 pairwise inter-trait combinations, 37 proved to be significantly correlated. A principal component analysis of the trait data showed that the first four principal components explained ~78% of the variance; meanwhile a hierarchical clustering analysis revealed a number of discrete groups reflecting the various cultivated types, but was not predictive of provenance. The SRAP genotyping employed 22 primer combinations and generated 238 informative fragments. A moderately high level of the Jaccard's similarity coefficient (mean 0.67) was calculated for the examined panel. A hierarchical clustering analysis based on the genotypic data revealed four groups, which were clearly reflective of cultivated type; moreover, a comparison of the within-cluster means for each of the two key anemone-related traits—tubular floret length and tubular floret length/style length—showed that the genotype-based clusterings were associated with the anemone levels, albeit imperfectively. A principal coordinate analysis showed that the first two coordinates accounted for about 14% of the total variation. In summary, the present study adds new understanding of the genetic diversity present in the anemone-type chrysanthemum gene pool, and the findings will lay the foundation for implementing a genotype/phenotype association strategy to reveal the genetic and molecular basis of floral form in this valuable ornamental species.     

白菜基可食性蔬菜纸的研究

研究了增稠剂添加量、甘油添加量和工艺条件对白菜纸性能的影响,通过优化试验,确定白菜纸的最佳配方和工艺。结果表明,海藻酸钠、玉米变性淀粉、明胶、CMC和甘油的最佳添加量分别为1.2%,3.0%,0.4%,0.4%,2%。最佳工艺参数为:干燥温度60℃,时间6h。以抗拉强度高为优选原则,得到最优的因素水平组合为:CMC添加量为0.4%,玉米变性淀粉添加量为1%,明胶添加量为0.2%,海藻酸钠添加量为1.6%。在此条件下,白菜纸的抗拉强度为5.98MPa。     

硫酸锌浸种对马铃薯幼苗质量的影响

以"克新13"马铃薯为材料,通过盆栽试验,利用不同浓度的硫酸锌浸种处理,考察马铃薯幼苗的壮苗指数、叶绿素含量、根系活力、蔗糖和还原糖的变化,研究硫酸锌对马铃薯幼苗质量及相关生理指标的作用效应。结果表明:适宜浓度硫酸锌(0.4g·L-1左右)浸种处理能有效地提高叶绿素含量和根系活力,提高壮苗指数,促进了叶片中蔗糖、还原糖的形成,改善幼苗质量。硫酸锌过量,则限制了马铃薯的壮苗指数,从而影响了幼苗质量及相关生理指标。     

无公害茶叶中亚硝酸盐残留分析及调控对策

本文简析了茶叶中亚硝酸盐残留的状况、规律及其成因。从科学使用氮肥、平衡施肥、精准施肥、培育低积累亚硝酸盐潜力的茶树种质资源等方面,阐述了无公害茶叶中亚硝酸盐残留的调控对策。     

领春木幼苗形态及生物量分配对光环境的响应

研究了旷地、林窗和林下三种不同生境中,领春木(Euptelea pleiospermum Hook.f.et Thoms.)幼苗的生长、形态特性、生物量及其分配对不同光环境的响应。结果表明,1）光资源不足的情况下,领春木幼苗生长受到抑制;2）生长于林窗的领春木幼苗有更多纵向生长趋势以获取更多的光资源,并通过增加叶片数和总叶面积来提高对光能的利用;3)领春木幼苗通过提高根生物量比和降低比叶面积,减小强光对幼苗的损伤;光强较弱时,则是将更多的生物量投资于地上部分,主要用于高生长和叶生长,以增加对光辐射的吸收。领春木生长环境光照偏弱,但其幼苗适于生长于光照偏强的环境,这可能是领春木幼苗在其种群更新中受到光环境抑制的原因,加上对成年植株及其生长环境人为的破坏,可能是导致领春木数量减少的原因之一。     

Confirmation of Clematis hybrids using molecular markers

The hybrid origin of progeny from crosses of Clematis tubulosa and Clematis brevicaudata was investigated using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from sequence analysis of chloroplast rbcL, accD genes, and the C. brevicaudatamatK gene. Plants collected from three and four populations of C. brevicaudata (C. brev) and C. tubulosa (C. tubu), respectively, from Mt. Songshan, Beijing, China were used as parents for hybridization. Morphological characters of pollen, seeds, and leaves were recorded in 2007. DNA from leaf samples of both parents and of C. brev × C. tubu and C. tubu × C. brev were extracted, and used for RAPD and SNPs from sequence data. A dendrogram was constructed by the branching neighbor-joining (IB-NJ) method. Proportionate population scores were generated by the admixture model using the STRUCTURE software. Based on morphological characters, C. brevicaudata was quite uniform. However, variations were detected in C. tubulosa. Hybrids of C. brev × C. tubu and C. tubu × C. brev showed intermediate morphological characters of the parents. Accessions of C. tubu × C. brev were clustered into 2 groups, with the majority of hybrids belonging to group IV b in the RAPD dendrogram, suggesting that this resulted from variations within C. tubulosa. In general, the hybrid origin of all progeny characterized by morphological characters was supported by the RAPD and SNPs data. These results indicate that RAPD results supported by SNPs data will be useful tool to verify hybrids.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征继发副猪嗜血杆菌、大肠杆菌病的诊治

<正>2010年2月,某猪场送检3头病仔猪,据该厂负责人介绍,该猪场为集体企业,被他承包。猪场从2009年10月份发病至今,主要表现为不论品种、年龄、大小均发病,一般是断奶猪先病,架子猪、怀孕后期母猪、肥猪随后发生。仔猪发病率可达100%、死亡率可达50%以上,母猪流产率可达30%以上,育肥猪、母猪也有发病死亡。现在所产仔猪所剩无几,保育舍基本已成空舍,损失惨重。     

山地乌骨鸡不同组织中CAPN 1基因表达的发育性变化

本试验采用SYBR GreenⅠ荧光定量法,首次测定了四川山地乌骨鸡1d、14d、28d、42d、56d、70d、84d的胸肌、腿肌、肝脏、心、脑组织中钙蛋白酶1CAPN1基因的相对表达量。结果表明：CAPN1基因在鸡体内普遍存在,CAPN1基因在肌肉组织中的表达量与鸡肌肉组织的生长发育呈相似的变化规律。