利用RT-PCR检测库尔勒香梨苹果茎痘病毒的研究

 以库尔勒香梨新鲜、冷藏、冷冻叶片和皮层为材料,对提取双链RNA (dsRNA)的2种方法和提取总RNA的3种方法进行了分析比较,并对总RNA的提取方法进行了改进,获得了纯度较高、完整性较好的dsRNA和总RNA,在此基础上进行了反转录(RT)和PCR扩增。在国内首次完成了对苹果茎痘病毒(ASPV)的RT-PCR检测,建立了ASPV有效RT-PCR反应体系。用此体系扩增到ASPV一个长约316 bp的片段。实验表明以dsRNA和总RNA为模板均能成功进行RT-PCR检测,且dsRNA优于总RNA。     

气候变化下三裂叶豚草在新疆的潜在地理分布

明确有害入侵种在区域尺度上的潜在分布及其对气候变化的响应对入侵种的预警和具体防控意义重大。三裂叶豚草是全球公认的恶性入侵杂草,目前已经大面积入侵“一带一路”中亚枢纽—新疆伊犁河谷。为有效防控三裂叶豚草在新疆的扩散蔓延,本研究基于最大熵模型,预测了当前及未来两种气候情景（RCP4.5, RCP8.5）下2050s和2070s时期三裂叶豚草在新疆的潜在分布及变化趋势。结果表明：当前气候下三裂叶豚草在新疆的总适生面积达24.01万km²,约占全疆面积的14%,在RCP4.5情景下,至2050s、2070s时期将分别增至37.36万和39.23万km²;在RCP8.5情景下,将分别增至39.45万和42.94万km²。在未来两种气候情景下,随着时间的推移,潜在适生区总体均呈现向北增加转移的趋势,减少区域主要集中在准噶尔盆地。所有环境因子中,与降水相关的因子总贡献率为40.1%,与温度相关的因子总贡献率56.0%,其中最干月降水（36.2%）、温度季节性变化标准差（29.1%）是对三裂叶豚草分布贡献率较高的环境因子。耕地和建设用地是三裂叶豚草入侵风险最高的区域。建议管理的重点除了放在已预测到的适生区内,还应特别关注农田、草场、道路两侧这些人畜扰动大、水分充足的区域。     

限饲对绒山羊生长性能和屠宰性能的影响

本研究通过饲养试验与屠宰试验来探讨限饲对绒山羊生产性能和屠宰性能的影响。将20只育成羊随机分成4组,即分别为自由采食组(AL)及自由采食组采食量的90%(IR90%)、80%(IR80%)和70%(IR70%)。正式试验期为90 d。结果表明:AL的日增重比IR90%组I、R80%组显著高出91.21%和194.92%(P<0.05),但IR90%和IR80%之间无显著差异(P>0.05),另外IR70%组的日增重为-6.3 g/d。宰前活体重、空体重、胴体重和屠宰率随着营养水平的降低有所减少(P<0.05)。随着营养水平的降低,肾周脂肪、系网膜脂肪占空体重的比例显著减少(P<0.05)。随着限饲强度的增加,日增重逐渐下降,体内脂肪沉积也随之减少。综合分析显示,绒山羊的限饲的阈值为IR80%。     

非营利性医院与经营管理

我国实行医疗机构分类管理制度以后,非营利性医院必须加强经营管理,走内涵发展的道路.本文从非营利性医院的界定,非营利性医院的经营宗旨和目标,健全医院经营的组织体系,实行目标成本管理、向降低成本要效益,培养经营管理专业人员等几方面对非营利性医院的经营管理进行了初步探讨.     

甲氰胺混配乳油对柑桔全爪螨的药效试验及联合毒力测定

由甲氰菊酯（灭扫利）和水胺硫磷复配而成的22％甲氰胺混配乳油，其稀释3000～4000倍液，对柑桔全爪螨（Panonychuscitri）有良好的防治效果，室内药效达99．38％～100％。田间药效为94．70％～100％。室内毒力测定结果，甲氰胺混配乳油的LC50为21．02mg／L，灭扫利的为28.75mg／L，水胺硫磷的为153.62mg／L，甲氰胺的毒力显著高于两种单体；共毒系数达205.79，表现出显著的增效作用。     

Comparison of various extraction methods for policosanol from rice bran wax and establishment of chromatographic fingerprint of policosanol

A capillary gas chromatographic (GC) method has been developed for the separation and determination of policosanol components extracted from rice bran wax. A Varian CP-sil 8 CB column was employed, and an oven temperature was programmed. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify the composition of policosanol. Quantitative analysis was carried out by means of hydrogen flame ionization detector (FID) with dinonyl phthalate (DNP) as internal standard. The results indicated that the extract obtained by dry saponification has the highest contents of octacosanol and triacontanol among extracts by all used extraction methods including dry saponification, saponification in alcohol, saponification in water (neutralized and non-neutralized), and transesterification. Meanwhile, the GC-MS fingerprint of policosanol extracted by dry saponification has been established. Euclidean distance similarity calculation showed remarkable consistency of compositions and contents among 12 batches of policosanol from a rice bran wax variety. This protocol provided a rapid and feasible method for quality control of policosanol products.     

中药复方对动物机体免疫功能影响的研究进展

中药复方现代化研究取得了一定的成效。研究证明,中药复方可以通过免疫调节作用增强机体免疫力,进而预防与治疗多种疾病。就中药复方对免疫器官、细胞免疫、体液免疫等方面的影响作一综述,并提出将传统中医药理论及经验与现代医药学理论相结合,应用现代科学技术研究、挖掘中医药学的科学内涵,已成为当前非常重要而紧迫的课题。     

MJS水泥土的试桩成桩效果分析

以南京地铁7号线中胜站全断面承压含水砂层MJS加固下穿既有运营10号线车站工程为背景,基于试桩芯样对MJS水泥土试桩成桩效果进行研究,研究不同桩型、不同水泥掺入比、不同地层下各部位MJS水泥土试桩的成桩效果(加固范围、成桩质量、抗压强度、弹性模量、水泥含量),并与室内MJS水泥土强度数据比较.结果表明:全圆桩整体成桩效...     

泥鳅早期形态发育研究

【目的】为了解泥鳅仔、稚鱼生长发育规律,同时为规模化苗种培育工作提供基础数据。【方法】通过对0~23日龄的泥鳅仔稚鱼连续取样,系统观察了泥鳅仔稚鱼各发育分期的形态特征和发育时间。【结果】研究结果表明,在水温(19.5~22)℃下,泥鳅胚胎发育时间需要24~28 h。初孵仔鱼平均体长为3.04 mm,鱼体透明,全身无黑色素,口和消化管均未形成;初孵仔鱼至孵化后6日龄为卵黄囊期仔鱼,4日龄仔鱼开口,仔鱼进入混合营养期;7~9日龄为前弯曲期仔鱼,7日龄仔鱼卵黄囊吸收完毕,此时完全进入外源营养期;10~14日龄为弯曲期仔鱼;15~22日龄为后弯曲期仔鱼;至23日龄,出现细小圆鳞,已与成鱼具有相似的外观和生活习性,此时进入稚鱼期。【结论】研究泥鳅早期形态发育将为泥鳅自然资源繁殖保护和养殖业苗种培育提供理论依据。     

Effect of melatonin on visceral fat deposition,lipid metabolism and hepatic lipo-metabolic gene expression in male rats

Melatonin (MT) influences lipid metabolism in animals; however, the mechanistic effect of melatonin on liver fat and abdominal adipose deposition requires further clarity. In order to study the effects of melatonin on lipid metabolism, and hepatic fat and abdominal adipose deposition in animals, twenty Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats of 6 weeks of age with similar bodyweight were randomly divided into two groups: control (CTL) and MT-treated (10 mg/kg/day). During a 60-day experiment, food intake and bodyweight were measured daily and weekly respectively. At the end of treatment, blood samples were collected to collect plasma to quantify hormones and metabolic indicators of lipid metabolism. In addition, organ and abdominal adipose depots including liver, and omental, perirenal, and epididymal fat were weighed. Liver tissue was sampled for sectioning, long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) quantification, and gene chip and Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses. The results showed that liver weight and index (ratio of liver weight to body weight) in MT group reduced by 20.69% and 9.63% respectively; omentum weight and index reduced by 59.88% and 54.93% respectively, and epididymal fat weight reduced by 45.34% (p = 0.049), relative to CTL. Plasma lipid indices, triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol (TC) with MT treatment decreased significantly compared with the control. Fat and 8 LCFA content in liver in MT group also decreased. Gene chip and qPCR demonstrated that there were 289 genes up-regulated and 293 genes down-regulated by MT. Further analysis found that the mRNA expression of lipolysis-related genes increased, while the mRNA expression of lipogenesis-related enzymes decreased (p < 0.05) with MT. This study concluded that melatonin greatly affected fat deposition, and hepatic LCFA supply and the expression of genes associated with lipogenesis and lipolysis.