有益菌根真菌及其互作对带叶兜兰试管苗生理生长的影响

为探讨菌根真菌的互作效应,筛选协同互作模式组合,对从野生兜兰新鲜营养根中分离、筛选出的3种菌根真菌（PF02、PF06和PF07）,采用单菌接种、双菌混合接种和三菌混合菌种等7种接种方式,开展菌−苗共生培养,筛选出优势菌株PF02和PF07,揭示在实验室环境下接菌方式与接种效应之间的相互联系,分析菌根真菌互作对带叶兜兰植株生长和生理的影响。结果表明：显示菌根真菌互作对宿主植株的生物量、保护酶活性及叶绿素总量具有较好的正向效应。3种双菌混合接种方式PF02−PF06、PF02−PF07及PF06−PF07均能有效促进带叶兜兰生物量增长,尤其是PF02−PF06接种方式,抗氧化酶POD、超氧化物歧化酶SOD、过氧化氢酶CAT活性及叶绿素总量提高显著。选择优化的接种方式,以及能够协同促进、达到共生平衡的最佳接种方式组合,最大限度发挥菌根对宿主植物的益生作用。     

Effects of nitrogen and water stress on the rehydration,endogenous hormonal regulation and yield of maize

Water scarcity is known to be a strong limiting factor affecting maize grown and yield in cold semi-arid regions. Numerous studies have shown that rehydration improves maize growth. Our study aimed to explore the effects of rehydration treatments on maize growth and yield under water and nitrogen stress during different growth stages. We selected the drought-tolerant maize variety Nendan 19 (ND19) and subjected it to water stress during the V6 (sixth-leaf), R2 (filling) and R6 (maturity) growth stages and a rehydration treatment after each stress stage. Our results indicated that N1 (N100 kg N ha⁻¹) and N3 (N300 kg N ha⁻¹) treatments significantly increased the leaf moisture status relative to water content (RWC), bound water content (BWC), free water content (FWC) and water potential (WP)) at different growth stages. Similar trends were observed in the accumulation of plant leaf and root hormones (zeatin+zeatin riboside, indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid and gibberellic acid), photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence. However, under the same water stress conditions, they decreased as the N rate increased and reached a minimum value in the S3 (water stress for N3) treatments. In addition, with growth stage advancement and extension of the rehydration time, both showed a gradual upward trend. The results showed that to save water resources in the cold semi-arid region, rehydration treatments (R2S1 and R2S3) significantly increased the photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, leaf moisture status, biomass, 100-grain weight, hormone content, ear characteristics and grain yield of maize.     

罗布麻属和白麻属种子形态特征及生活力的测定方法

以采自新疆维吾尔自治区阿勒泰市阿拉哈克镇境内的罗布麻属(Apocynum)和白麻属(Poacynum) 8个基因型植物的种子为材料,进行了8个基因型植物种子形态特征、千粒重和生活力测定方法探究。研究结果显示,参试罗布麻种子的长为2.75 mm,宽为0.68 mm,厚为0.49 mm。白麻属7个基因型中以紫斑中花的种子最长,为4.51 mm;青杆白花最宽,为0.90 mm;青杆白花和大叶白麻最厚,为0.61 mm。8个基因型种子的长、宽、高的变化范围分别为2.75～4.51、0.68～0.90和0.48～0.61 mm。其中,紫斑中花为最大基因型,罗布麻为最小基因型。千粒重变化范围在0.38～1.32 g,所有参试种子颜色均为褐色,其中以大叶白麻颜色最深。参试种子均表现出非休眠性种子萌发的特征,萌发时间较短,可以用来快速测定参试种子的生活力。采用四唑染色测定生活力时,参试种子均表现出不透四唑的特征,应该纵切切破种皮,预湿时间为12～14 h,染色时间为12 h,鉴定标准为种子胚80%完全染色。此次针对罗布麻属和白麻属种子形态特征与生活力测定方法的研究,能够为罗布麻种子生活力鉴定、大规模种...     

马铃薯生产全程机械化技术推广实践与思考

介绍了马铃薯生产过程及机械化技术,并以重庆市马铃薯全程机械化技术推广实践为例,总结了实施情况,分析了存在的问题,提出了发展建议。      

内蒙古典型草原草畜系统适宜放牧率的研究Ⅰ.以绵羊增重及经济效益为管理目标

(1)绵羊个体增重与放牧率呈线性负相关,个体最大增重临界放牧率,因季节不同而变化,随着个体增重与放牧率回归系数b绝对值的增大而降低,以始、终放牧期间所得临界放牧率最小,(2.04羊/hm²)。(2)公顷增重与放牧率的关系符合二次曲线,在达到公顷最大增重以前,随着放牧率的增大而增大,之后则随着放牧率的增大而下降,平均543羊/hm²。(3)公顷最大增重并不一定获取公顷最大利润,主要视买卖价格及其差值而定。(4)以冷蒿小禾草为主的退化草原,宜以个体最大增重的适宜放牧率作为管理标准,以使该类草原在利用中得以恢复。     

Both TGF-β1 and Smad4 regulate type I collagen expression in the muscle of grass carp,Ctenopharyngodon idella

Fish Physiology and Biochemistry - Type I collagen is proven to make an important contribution to fish muscle quality. Our previous study has shown the Smad4-dependent regulation of type I collagen...     

苹果苗断根施肥机的设计与试验

苹果苗倒栽作业是苗圃园艺生产作业中将矮化中间砧半成品苗倒栽进行嫁接果树穗种的一项准备工作,工作强度大.为此,根据苹果苗苗圃园艺作业要求,设计了L型断根铲的断根施肥机.田间试验表明:作业参数为断根深度178mm,工作幅宽450mm,施肥量300kg/hm2,配套动力22kW以上轮式拖拉机能够实现对苹果苗的断根和施肥联合作业,可提高效率和减轻工作强度.     

4UMS-390Ⅱ型木薯收获机的研制

木薯块根是工业上主要的制淀粉原料之一,世界上木薯全部产量的65%用于人类食物,但国内木薯收获机的研制尚未见到相关系统报道.为此,阐述了一种木薯收获机的主要结构、工作原理、主要技术参数及试验结果.试验结果表明,该机型满足设计要求,且能够满足生产要求.     

Numerical Analysis of Acoustic Environment with Finite Element Method

The acoustic environment of highway tunnel is complex and has influences on the driving safety and comfort. In case of emergency, evacuation information is difficult to transfer. Finite element method is used for calculating highway tunnel acoustic modal and attenuation characteristics. The results show that acoustic mode of highway tunnel has symmetry in the horizontal pressure amplitude of symmetry regional is equal and phase is the same or opposite. The higher modal frequency, the greater sound pressure amplitude is, and the effect of tunnel length on modal frequency is smaller. Decay curves of pressure level at each point in the highway tunnel over time are nonlinear. After the source excitation, in 1.5 s, attenuation rate is faster than that of few seconds later and the attenuation time of sound pressure level 30 dB is 5.5 to 7 s.     

大麦不同品种不同播期幼穗分化时期形态诊断研究

 大麦幼穗分化进程与植株外部形态关系密切,1997年对5个大麦品种(品系)、不同播期的幼穗分化与叶龄、叶龄余数和叶枕距的关系进行了初步研究。结果表明,同一品种不同播期幼穗分化各阶段的叶龄基本一致,不同品种同一播期幼穗分化各阶段的叶龄有明显差异,弱春性品种主茎总叶数较多,幼穗分化起步迟,进程慢,春性品种主茎叶数较少,幼穗分化起步早,进程快。应用叶龄、叶龄余数和叶枕距等指标来判断幼穗分化各阶段,对于采取相应的栽培技术措施、促进小穗分化和小花发育都有重要意义。