柔嫩艾美耳球虫含HD结构域蛋白特性和功能初步研究

鸡球虫病是由艾美耳球虫引起的一种危害严重的肠道寄生虫病,每年都会给世界各地的养禽业带来巨大的经济损失。目前,该病主要依靠抗球虫药物进行防治,但由于药物的长期及不合理使用导致鸡球虫几乎对所有使用过的抗球虫药均产生耐药性。为研究球虫耐药性产生的分子机制,本实验室前期对柔嫩艾美耳球虫地克珠利耐药株、马杜拉霉素耐药株以及敏感株进行了转录组测序并获得了敏感株与耐药株的差异表达基因,发现柔嫩艾美耳球虫含HD域蛋白（EtHDCP）在耐药株中上调表达。本研究以柔嫩艾美耳球虫敏感株孢子化卵囊cDNA第一链为模板,成功克隆出EtHDCP基因,构建了原核表达重组质粒pGEX-4T-EtHDCP,并成功诱导表达了重组蛋白rEtHDCP。利用qRT-PCR和Western blot对柔嫩艾美耳球虫敏感株不同发育阶段的转录和翻译水平进行分析,结果显示,EtHDCP在第二代裂殖子的转录和翻译水平高于其他三个阶段（未孢子化卵囊、孢子化卵囊和子孢子）。同时利用Western blot分析了EtHDCP在柔嫩艾美耳球虫敏感株、地克珠利耐药株、马杜拉霉素耐药株中的翻译水平,结果显示,EtHDCP在耐药株中的蛋白翻译水平显著高于敏感株。间接免疫荧光定位结果显示,该蛋白主要定位在子孢子和裂殖子的表面以及裂殖子的胞质内。入侵抑制试验表明,抗rEtHDCP多克隆抗体可有效抑制子孢子对宿主细胞的入侵。这些结果说明该蛋白可能参与了虫体在宿主细胞内的生长发育、耐药性的产生以及子孢子入侵宿主细胞的过程。     

云南地方稻种籼粳亚种的生态群分类及其地理生态分布

用程-王分类体系对云南收集保存的地方稻种资源进行系统分类和遗传变异研究表明：(1)云南是中国稻种最大的遗传多样化中心和优异种质的富集地区及其天然宝库,受中国与南亚两个稻种独立起源中心的强烈影响,因而形成了云南尤其是滇西南稻种资源类型的多样性举世瞩目。(2)云南地方稻种分为籼粳2个亚种及其6大生态群,其中热带     

桑沟湾养殖海带生长的模型预测

海带(Saccharinajaponica)是一种常见的大型经济褐藻,是海洋生态系统重要的初级生产者,也是我国北方沿海主要的养殖藻类。本研究旨在建立海带个体生长数值模型,并以此预测中国北方近海大规模筏式养殖条件下海带的生长情况。本研究以桑沟湾养殖海带为例,利用可视化模型软件STELLA描述海带生长的关键过程及其与环境参数的关系,以净生长量(N_(growth))=总生长量(G_(growth))–呼吸作用(resp)–枯烂(E_(kelp))为基本框架,模拟和预测海带的生物量和叶片长度变化。海带的总生长用光照、温度、盐度、海带体内营养盐(包括N和P)等强制函数定义,其中,光照参数来自桑沟湾气象记录,盐度、温度和营养盐为现场调查实测值。模型模拟桑沟湾养殖海带的长度与干重结果与实测值的拟合度R~2值分别为0.936、0.963,说明该模型能够很好反映海带的真实生长情况。可靠的个体生长模型是评估海带养殖容量的基础,并可为水产养殖区的空间规划提供决策依据。     

一种含有竹叶黄酮的复配型肉类食品添加剂的开发

通过竹叶黄酮和异Vc钠的系列复配应用试验,得到了一种性能优越的肉类食品添加剂.实验选用中式香肠体系,通过测定过氧化值(POV)、酸价(AV)和亚硝酸盐含量,辅以感官评定等手段,评价此复合抗氧化剂的抗氧性能以及对产品风味和质量的整体影响.结果表明,在原配方的基础上,硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐减半使用,同时添加0.01%的竹叶黄酮和0.05%的异Vc钠,能显著抑制香肠的脂质过氧化,延长产品保质期,降低产品中亚硝酸盐的含量,同时维持并改善中式香肠应有的感官品质.竹叶黄酮在有效发挥抗氧化作用的同时,部分替代了具有潜在致癌作用的发色剂,提高了制品的安全性,是一种十分有前途的肉类食品添加剂.     

TRIZ理论在深根茎类作物挖掘机构中的应用

针对目前我国深根茎类作物挖掘机械中没有成熟的产品以及产品设计方法较为传统、落后的现状,运用一种解决发明问题的新型创新理论-TRIZ理论中的40个发明原理、39对矛盾矩阵及诸多相关理论,对深根茎类作物挖掘装置中的关键部件-挖掘铲的多种设计方案进行分析、比较和研究,最终得出较为理想的设计方案.采用该方案设计的挖掘铲在挖掘过程中可以实现不壅土,并能顺利地切断根茎,能使作物的根茎与土块、石块在挖掘铲上上升过程中高效地分离,且能实现减少根茎损伤的目标,从而达到降低挖掘阻力的目的.最后,运用Pro/E软件将最终设计的挖掘铲在计算机中进行虚拟仿真,并对仿真模型进行仿真分析,结果表明,挖掘铲的设计方案达到了预期目的.     

Effect of dietary modification of muscle long-chain n-3 fatty acid on plasma insulin and lipid metabolites, carcass traits, and fat deposition in lambs

In a previous study we showed that feeding fish meal significantly increased muscle long chain n-3 fatty acids (FA) and hot carcass weight. In this study we compared the effect of fish meal and fish oil on increasing muscle long-chain FA. We also investigated whether the increase in carcass weight was due to the effect of dietary enrichment of muscle long-chain n-3 FA on muscle membrane phospholipids and(or) to rumen by-pass protein provided by fish meal. Forty crossbred ([Merino x Border Leicester] x Poll Dorset) wether lambs between 26 and 33 kg BW were randomly assigned to one of five treatments: 1) basal diet of oaten:lucerne chaff (Basal); 2) Basal + fish meal (9% DM) = FM; 3) Basal + fish oil (1.5% DM) with protected sunflower meal (9% DM ) = FOSMP; 4) Basal + fish oil (1.5% DM) = FO; or 5) Basal + protected sunflower meal (10.5% DM) = SMP. Daily intake of ME (9.60 - 10.5 MJ ME/d) and CP (150 to 168 g/d) in all treatments was kept similar by varying the ratio of oaten:lucerne chaff and by feeding the animals at 90% ad libitum intake. Blood samples were collected at the start of the experiment and on the day (d 42) prior to slaughter. Lambs were then slaughtered at a commercial abattoir. At 24 h postmortem carcass traits were measured and longissimus thoracis muscle taken for analysis of FA of phospholipid and triglyceride fractions. Lambs fed FO and FOSMP showed a marked increase in muscle longchain n-3 FA (P < 0.001) and a reduction in magnitude of the rise in insulin concentration (P < 0.001) after feeding compared with lambs fed Basal and SMP diets. Lambs in FM had a moderate increase (P < 0.001) in muscle long-chain n-3 FA content. Compared with Basal diet, both plasma total cholesterol (P < 0.02) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.001) levels were greater in SMP and less in FO and FOSMP treatments. The i.m. fat content was reduced (P < 0.05) in FM and FO treatments, but carcass weight was increased only with fish meal (P < 0.03). Adding SMP to FO produced muscle with an intermediate level of i.m. fat, whereas muscle long-chain n-3 FA, i.m. fat, and insulin concentration were unchanged with SMP treatment. These results indicate that an increase in carcass weight in FM may be due to the supply of ruminally undegraded protein. They also suggest that fish oil along with fish meal can increase long-chain n-3 FA content in phospholipid of muscle membrane. This may be associated with reduced i.m. fat content and altered insulin action and lipoprotein metabolism.     

优质国审棉品种——ZHM19

概述了ZHM19的选育过程、特征特性、产量、纤维品质和抗病性等特点及主要栽培技术措施。     

Effect of lowering the root/shoot ratio by pruning roots on water use efficiency and grain yield of winter wheat

A pot and a field experiment were conducted to assess the effects of root/shoot ratio (R/S) on the water use efficiency (WUE) and grain yield of winter wheat. The R/S was regulated by pruning the roots during the stem elongation stage, resulting in reduced root systems of the plants. At the heading stage, the root dry weight of root-pruned plants was less than that of intact-root plants, but their R/S was similar to that of intact-root plants under both experimental conditions. After tiller pruning, the R/S of root-pruned plants was significantly lower than that of intact-root plants (p < 0.05). Root pruning reduced the rate of leaf transpiration and lowered the number of tillers per plant (p < 0.05) during the vegetative stage. As a result, root-pruned wheat showed reduced water use when compared to intact-root plants before heading (p < 0.05). At anthesis, there was no significant difference in transpiration between plants with intact roots and those with pruned roots in the pots. However, under field conditions, transpiration of root-pruned plants was significantly higher than that of intact-root plants at anthesis. Additionally, at anthesis root-pruned plants had a higher rate of leaf photosynthesis and lower rate of root respiration, which resulted in a significantly higher grain yield at maturity when compared to plants with intact roots. Under both experimental conditions, there were no significant differences in shoot dry weight per plant between root-pruned and intact-root plants grown in monoculture. When root-pruned plants were grown with intact-root plants, the root-pruned wheat was less productive and had a lower relative shoot dry weight (0.78 and 0.86, respectively) than the intact-root plants (1.24 and 1.16, respectively). These results suggest that plants with pruned roots had a lower ability to compete and to acquire and use the same resources in the mixture when compared with intact-root plants. Root pruning improved the WUE of winter wheat under both experimental conditions. This suggests that appropriate management for the root system/tillers in wheat crops can be used to increase grain yield and water use efficiency. Specifically, lowering the R/S improved the grain yield and WUE of winter wheat significantly by lowering its competitive ability and improving root efficiency. Therefore, drought-resistance breeding to improve the grain yield and WUE, at least for wheat, should be made by targeted selection of less competitive progeny with a small R/S for cultivation in arid and semiarid areas.     

京郊北藏乡防护林景观生态评价

根据防护林学和景观生态学的原理 ,将野外调查与地理信息系统RegionManagerV4 .0和遥感等技术相结合 ,从林带和林网两个尺度对北京市大兴县北藏乡防护林体系的布局和结构的合理性 ,进行分析和评价 .作者认为 :该乡主林带防护能力不足 ,副林带过宽 ;组成林带的物种类型单一 ;整个景观结构与布局不够合理 .经过分析论证 ,对该区防护林的经营管理方向提出了建议 :应适当增加主林带的宽度 ,减少副林带的宽度 ,重视混交林的营造 ,中间乔木树种两侧辅以灌木的乔灌混交形式较适合 ,林带透光疏透度应保持在 0 .3～ 0 .4 ,闭合林网数应达到 1 3个 km2 .     

基于UNDP项目的天保工程执行效果初步研究--以陕西省宝鸡市马头滩林业局为例

在对陕西省宝鸡市马头滩林业局UNDP支持“中国天然林保护工程能力建设和政策研究”项目执行情况调查的基础上,分析了天保工程实施对当地林业局带来的产业结构调整和对职工收入的影响,同时分析了UNDP项目对促进当地能力建设的作用与效果,总结了一些成功的经验,指出执行过程中存在的问题,提出了一系列对策与措施。