利用气象卫星遥感进行哈尔滨地区作物生长状况监测及产量预报

文章通过对近几年的极轨气象卫星实时接收到的AVHRR/HRPT资料进行处理,数据经校正生成哈尔滨地区归一化植被指数灰度图像,利用种植作物结构不同造成绿度值不同的基本原理,进行作物生长状况监测及产量预报。研究表明,利用气象卫星资料进行作物生长状况监测及产量预报,具有客观、及时和动态跟踪等优点,结合传统气象产量预报方法,使产量预报水平有所提高,准确率可达98%以上。     

基于颜色特征的作物与背景分割的对比研究

化学除草剂和杀虫剂的运用对环境造成很大的冲击,有选择地对准目标精确喷药能够有效地减少化学药剂的使用量,对准精确喷药的关键是运用机器视觉技术正确地识别目标,而作物与背景的快速并准确地分割是正确识别目标的基础。文章介绍几种图像的颜色模型和转换公式,运用VC++软件设计出图像背景分割的程序。选择南京农业大学江浦农场的玉米田、花生田和校园内的小麦田作为研究对象,运用自行设计的程序对图像进行分割并计算出分割图像所需的时间。用处理耗时与处理效果两个指标来评定用于背景分割的几种颜色特征。研究结果表明,过绿的2G-R-B是最好的背景分割因子,这个分割因子具有耗时少、分割效果好且不受光照强度影响的特点,能够满足农业智能生产中实时性的要求。     

鼻气管鸟杆菌病的研究现状

鼻气管乌杆菌痛是近年来新发现的一种感染家禽和野鸟的呼吸道细菌病,主要表现为鸡和火鸡生长迟缓,产蛋率下降、高死亡率、单侧或双侧纤维索性化脓性肺炎、胸膜炎、气囊炎。也常合并、继发新城疫病毒、大肠埃希菌和副鸡嗜血杆菌感染,从而引起急性死亡,危害很大,给养禽业造成严重的经济损失,是一种值得重视的新病。文章对该病的病原、流行病学、症状与病变、诊断方法及预防措施等进行了综述。     

Soil saturation effects on forest dynamics: scaling across a southern boreal/northern hardwood landscape

Patch modeling can be used to scale-up processes to portray landscape-level dynamics. Via direct extrapolation, a heterogeneous landscape is divided into its constituent patches; dynamics are simulated on each representative patch and are weighted and aggregated to formulate the higher level response. Further extrapolation may be attained by coarsening the resolution of or lumping environmental data (e.g., climatic, edaphic, hydrologic, topographic) used to delimit a patch.Forest patterns at the southern boreal/northern hardwood transition zone are often defined by soil heterogeneity, determined primarily by the extent and duration of soil saturation. To determine how landscape-level dynamics predicted from direct extrapolation compare when coarsening soil parameters, we simulated forest dynamics for soil series representing a range of drainage classes from east- central Maine. Responses were aggregated according to the distribution of soil associations comprising a 600 ha area based on local- (1:12,000), county- (1:120,000) and state- (1:250,000) scale soil maps. At the patch level, simulated aboveground biomass accumulated more slowly in poorer draining soils. Different soil series yielded different communities comprised of species with various tolerances for soil saturation. When aggregated, removal of waterlogging caused a 20–60% increase in biomass accumulation during the first 50 years of simulation. However, this early successional increase and the maximum level of biomass accumulation over a 200 year period varied by as much as 40% depending on the geospatial data. This marked discrepancy suggests caution when extrapolating with forest patch models by coarsening parameters and demonstrates how rules used to rescale environmental data need to be evaluated for consistency.     

馆商携手,合作双赢——一种新的图书采编模式

探讨了对图书供应商的考察和选择方法,各种采选方式的把握,图书加工和质量控制应注意的问题,对馆商合作的利弊进行了分析。     

槟榔间作香露兜对土壤养分和养分吸收的影响

为了研究槟榔间作香露兜对土壤养分和养分吸收的影响,采用盆栽试验的方法,对槟榔单作、槟榔间作香露兜和香露兜单作3种种植模式的土壤理化性质和养分吸收进行比较研究。结果表明：槟榔间作香露兜后,相对于单作槟榔,土壤EC值和碱解氮含量显著降低47.15%和25.74%,土壤速效磷含量显著增加32.32%,其中碱解氮与过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶极显著负相关,速效磷与总根长、根系总表面积、根体积、根数目、脲酶和酸性磷酸酶显著正相关,速效磷与过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶极显著正相关;槟榔地上部N浓度以及香露兜地上部P和K浓度分别显著增加41.56%、26.56%和25.69%;而槟榔和香露兜根系以及地上部N、P和K养分含量均高于单作,其中根系槟榔P和K含量和香露兜K含量显著增加;同时,间作后槟榔和香露兜对N的吸收效率均高于单作,香露兜的P和K的吸收效率高于单作并略高于槟榔的吸收效率,其中P和K的吸收效率与总根长、总表面积、根体积、根数目均显著正相关,氮的吸收效率与根系形态无显著相关关系。综上所述,槟榔间作香露兜增加了土壤中速效磷含量,促进了槟榔和香露兜对氮、磷和钾养分的吸收,土壤速效磷含量的增加、养分吸收效率的提高均与根系形态显著正相关。