传染性法氏囊病病毒VP2-4-3 cDNA的分子克隆和序列分析

从法氏囊组织分离IBDV超强毒株HK46并提取基因组RNA。以RNA为模板进行反转录合成cDNA第一链。采用长PCR扩增技术获得VP2－4－3 cDNA全长片段。将PCR产物克隆到pcDNA3.1( )载体，得到重组质粒pPP1。对pPP1插入片段全长序列进行了测序并对其序列进行了分析。结果表明，VP2－4－3 cDNA阅读框架由3039bp组成，可编码1012个氨基酸组成的前体多聚蛋白。经比较得知，HK46超强毒株VP2－4－3氨基酸序列与经典毒株间存在19－28个氨基酸的差异；与Harbin强毒株相差32个氨基酸；而与超强毒株OKYM和UK661分别相差2和6个氨基酸，且它们的VP2序列完全相同。在HK46超强毒株所特有的9个氨基酸中，3个位于VP2可变区，显示超强毒株其抗原性存在着变异。     

Development of a Research Platform for Dissecting Phenotype–Genotype Associations in Rice (Oryza spp.)

We present an overview of a research platform that provides essential germplasm, genotypic and phenotypic data and analytical tools for dissecting phenotype–genotype associations in rice. These resources include a diversity panel of 400 Oryza sativa and 100 Oryza rufipogon accessions that have been purified by single seed descent, a custom-designed Affymetrix array consisting of 44,100 SNPs, an Illumina GoldenGate assay consisting of 1,536 SNPs, and a suite of low-resolution 384-SNP assays for the Illumina BeadXpress Reader that are designed for applications in breeding, genetics and germplasm management. Our long-term goal is to empower basic research discoveries in rice by linking sequence diversity with physiological, morphological, and agronomic variation. This research platform will also help increase breeding efficiency by providing a database of diversity information that will enable researchers to identify useful DNA polymorphisms in genes and germplasm of interest and convert that information into cost-effective tools for applied plant improvement.     

Effects of contour hedgerows on water and soil conservation,crop productivity and nutrient budget for slope farmland in the Three Gorges Region (TGR) of China

Soil erosion has long been recognized as a major environmental problem in the Three Gorges Region (TGR) where slope farming is commonly practiced but the local topography is hilly. In consideration of the poor socioeconomic position of local farmers, low cost hedgerows had been introduced as a soil conservation measure to the TGR in the late 1980s. A collaborative research programme was initiated by the Chinese University of Hong Kong, the Chinese Academy of Science, the Huazhong Agricultural University, and the Bureau of Soil and Water Conservation of Zigui County to study the potential of adopting hedgerows in the TGR. Six experimental plots (10 m × 2 m, gradient = 25°) were constructed at Zigui County, Hubei Province to study effects of hedgerows on erosion, nutrient loss and crop productivity. Results indicated that there were significant relationships between rainfall and runoff, and rainfall and soil loss, respectively. Conventional slope farming could not be considered a sustainable agricultural practice because it resulted in severe erosion and low crop yield. Hedgerows per se seemed not to be effective in reducing soil loss and boosting crop productivity, but performances could be greatly improved when they combined with the use of fertilizers. Current farming and fertilization practices, however, generally did not meet N demands of crops. Results and findings of this paper will contribute towards a technical reference for the promotion and adoption of hedgerows in the TGR.     

鸡生长激素基因内含子4新等位基因的序列分析

试验以粤黄鸡矮脚黄系等不同肉鸡、蛋鸡品种（系）作为试验材料，对新发现的生长激素基因内含子4等位基因的PCR产物作纯化测序，研究多态性产生的机理及碱基变异情况。结果发现cGH内含子4长约1170bp，内含子4的A、B、C、D等位基因长分别为1170bp、1164bp、1168bp，它们之间存在不同程度的碱基差异，而第580碱基的突变（A→G）和第688碱基的突变（A→G）分别产生了MspⅠ酶切位点，是多态性形成的根本原因。“PCR产物双带”的形成是由于cGH基因内含子4其中一条链上第420－470位碱基全部缺失，不同等位基因间存在碱基缺失、插入和替换，测序结果与酶切后电泳结果相吻合。     

Effect of Different Combinations of Cryoprotectants on In Vitro Maturation of Immature Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Oocytes Vitrified by Straw and Open‐Pulled Straw Methods

This study was designed to evaluate effects of different combinations of cryoprotectants on the ability of vitrified immature buffalo oocytes to undergo in vitro maturation. Straw and open‐pulled straw (OPS) methods for vitrification of oocytes at the germinal vesicle stage also were compared. The immature oocytes were harvested from ovaries of slaughtered animals and were divided into three groups: (i) untreated (control); (ii) exposed to cryoprotectant agents (CPAs); or (iii) cryopreserved by straw and OPS vitrification methods. The vitrification solution (VS) consisted of 6 m ethylene glycol (EG) as the standard, control vitrification treatment, and this was compared with 3 m EG + 3 m dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 3 m EG + 3 m glycerol, and 3 m DMSO + 3 m glycerol. Cryoprotectants were added in two steps, with the first step concentration half that of the second (and final) step concentration. After warming, oocyte samples were matured by standard methods and then fixed and stained for nuclear evaluation. Rates of MII oocytes exposed to CPAs without vitrification were lower (54.3 ± 1.9% in EG, 47.5 ± 3.4% in EG + DMSO, 36.8 ± 1.2% in EG + glycerol and 29.9 ± 1.0% in DMSO + glycerol; p < 0.05) than for the control group (79.8 ± 1.3%). For all treatments in each vitrification experiment, results were nearly identical for straws and OPS, so all results presented are the average of these two containers. The percentages of oocytes reaching telophase‐I or metaphase‐II stages were lower in oocytes cryopreserved using all treatments when compared with control. However, among the vitrified oocytes, the highest maturation rate was seen in oocytes vitrified in EG + DMSO (41.5 ± 0.6%). Oocytes cryopreserved in all groups with glycerol had an overall low maturation rate 19.0 ± 0.6% for EG + glycerol and 17.0 ± 1.1% for DMSO + glycerol. We conclude that the function of oocytes was severely affected by both vitrification and exposure to cryoprotectants without vitrification; the best combination of cryoprotectants was EG + DMSO for vitrification of immature buffalo oocytes using either straw or OPS methods.     

利用抗病基因多样性持续控制水稻病害

 利用抗病基因多样性持续控制水稻病害,已经成为近年来国内外的研究热点之一。由于该技术可大幅度减少农药的施用量,具有明显的增产增收效果,并为实现农业的可持续发展提供了一个崭新的思路,因此得到了国内外科学家和广大农民的普遍认可。作者对这一领域的研究现状、存在的问题及今后的发展前景作一评述。     

trans-10,cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid isomer exhibits stronger oxyradical scavenging capacity than cis-9,trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid isomer

Although studies have been performed to test whether conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) acts as an antioxidant, the results were not conclusive. In addition, the CLA widely used in previous research contains 43% cis-9,trans-11 isomer, 45% trans-10,cis-12 isomer, and 10 other minor isomers. The objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of cis-9,trans-11- and trans-10, cis-12-CLA isomers using high-purity CLA isomers (>98%) by total oxyradical scavenging capacity assay (Winston, G. W.; Regoli, F.; Dugas, Jr., A. J.; Fong, J. H.; Blanchard, K. A. Free Radical Biol. Med. 1998, 24, 480-493). At all concentrations (2-200 microM), t10, c12-CLA performed as an antioxidant with a 15-min lag phase, which was more effective than c9,t11-CLA and alpha-tocopherol at lower concentrations (2 and 20 microM). On the other hand, c9,t11-CLA possessed weak antioxidant activity at 2 and 20 microM, whereas at 200 microM it acted as a strong pro-oxidant, which suggests that discrepancies of the results of the previous studies on the antioxidant properties of CLA may be due to the balance of the antioxidant properties of t10,c12-CLA and the pro-oxidant properties of c9,t11-CLA in different oxidation conditions.     

MODELLING LEACHING OF INORGANIC Hg(II) IN A SCANDINAVIAN IRON-HUMUS PODZOL - VALIDATION AND LONG-TERM LEACHING UNDER VARIOUS DEPOSITION RATES

Increasing mercury contents are reported from freshwater systems and fish in northern Europe and North America. Mercury input from soils is a major source with the leaching being affected by increased atmospheric mercury deposition compared to pre-industrial times and by other environmental conditions such as acid rain. The results of a mathematical model-calculation of vertical inorganic Hg(II) leaching in a Scandinavian iron-humus podzol under different atmospheric input rates of mercury are presented. Leaching under background rain conditions was calculated to be considerably stronger than under acid rain conditions. Increasing fractions of deposited soluble or solute atmospheric mercury were leached from the O _f(h)-horizon with decreasing soil content of soluble mercury under acid rain conditions; this effect was less pronounced under background rain conditions. The steady state concentrations of soluble mercury of the upper soil horizons were calculated and compared with the actual concentrations of total (= soluble + insoluble mercury) and extractable (= estimate of soluble) mercury measured in these horizons. The results indicate that even if the deposition of airborne mercury to soil is strongly reduced, the total mercury content of the soil decreases only slowly. It may take decades or even centuries before a new steady state concentration of total mercury is established in the soil. The decrease of the mercury concentration in the O _f(h)-horizon is probably largely dependent on the turnover of organic matter, binding most of the deposited airborne mercury in an insoluble form. Hence, present day mercury leaching is likely to be dominated by mercury deposited during former times and temporarily retained in an insoluble form in the organic matter.     

Evaluation of P-glycoprotein expression in feline lymphoma and correlation with clinical outcome

P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is a transmembrane protein pump involved in drug resistance in canine and human lymphoma. There are no published clinical studies evaluating Pgp expression in feline lymphoma. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the level of Pgp expression in feline lymphoma and correlate it with clinical outcome. Two human Pgp monoclonal antibodies, C219 and C494, were used to detect Pgp expression in tissue samples from 63 cats with lymphoma. Demographic results appear comparable to recently published feline lymphoma studies. The Kaplan–Meier median remission and survival times were 164 and 571 days, respectively. Fourteen cats had positive expression of Pgp using MAb C219, and 40 were positive with C494. Variables statistically associated with survival included bone marrow involvement, stage, substage, and use of radiation therapy as a part of treatment. Pgp expression as assessed by MAb C219 and C494 is not predictive of remission or survival time in cats with lymphoma.