西藏拉鲁湿地土壤酵母菌多样性及产胞外 酶活性菌株分布特性研究

采用平板稀释法从西藏拉鲁湿地土壤中分离酵母菌,开展城市湿地酵母菌多样性研究。结合经典分类法及26S rDNA D1/D2区域序列分析,对获得的酵母菌菌株进行系统分类,并进行产胞外酶活性菌株的皿内初筛。结果显示,分离得到的83株酵母菌分属于隐球菌属Cryptococcus、假丝酵母属Candida、原囊菌属Protomyces、红酵母属Rhodotorula及孢囊线黑粉酵母Cystofilobasidium等5个属16个种,其中胶红酵母Rhodotorula mucilaginosa相对丰度最高,约26%,其次为维多利亚隐球酵母Cryptococcus victoriae和山杨隐球酵母Cryptococcus aspenensis;多样性分析表明,LhWS6样点的酵母菌多样性最丰富,LhWS9样点则最低;产胞外酶活性菌株初筛结果表明,25℃下产脂肪酶活性菌株比例最高,为67%,而4℃下产淀粉酶活性菌株数最多,为49株。另外,低温条件下产淀粉酶、果胶酶、纤维素酶和几丁质酶的活性菌株比例均高于常温条件。结果表明拉鲁湿地土壤酵母菌总体种类较丰富,但每个样点的种类相对单一,说明湿地生境或人为活动一定程度影响到该生态环境酵母菌的种群分布,开发青藏高原耐低温、产胞外酶等活性菌株具有一定的应用前景。     

基于遥感植被指数的西藏那曲地区畜牧业旱灾指数保险产品设计研究

青藏高原是我国重要的畜牧业基地,畜牧业生产长期受到旱灾的影响,在当地开展旱灾指数保险产品设计具有重要意义。以青藏高原中部的那曲地区为例,深入分析了当地畜牧业旱灾的主要特点。该地区春夏两季出现的干旱主要引起牧草长势差、牲畜入冬膘情不足、越冬死亡风险上升的情况。针对该情况,在保险支撑防灾的保险产品设计理念下,拟定了通过旱灾指数保险补偿牧民补饲所需的草料成本的指数产品设计框架。在此框架下,综述了几类主要的可表征草场和畜牧业旱灾的气象指标和遥感植被指数,确立了以遥感植被指数估算草地鲜重,测算相对减产率作为赔付依据的旱灾指数方案。利用那曲地区2001—2014年间的牧草生长季MODIS-NDVI数据,测算了保险赔付的触发标准,厘定了保险费率,并以2003年为例对该指数产品的赔付流程进行了说明。研究结果可为当地开办相关指数保险产品,防范畜牧业旱灾风险,促进边疆民族地区经济社会可持续发展提供科学依据。     

云南农业大学信息服务与用户调查研究分析

 通过对云南农业大学的教师、研究生和本科生的信息需求调查,了解到各类用户利用文献信息的状况和对文献信息的需求,为图书馆开展信息服务提供了依据。     

低氮胁迫下拟南芥低氮耐性突变体lnt1的氮代谢特征

A growth experiment on agar medium and a hydroponics experiment were carried out to study the nitrogen (N) metabolism of a low-N tolerant mutant (lnt1) of Arabidopsis thaliana under different N levels as compared with the wildtype (WT) Arabidopsis. On the agar medium, no apparent growth differences were observed between the lnt1 and WT plants under a normal N level of 9 mmol L^-1 NO₃^-. However, under a low N level of 0. 18 mmol L^-1 NO₃^-, the growth of the WT plants was greatly retarded, while the lnt1 plants were not affected by low-N stress and showed similar growth with those grown under a normal N level. In the hydroponics experiment, the lnt1 mutant had higher activities of glutamine synthetase (GS) and NADH-dependent glutamate synthase (NADH-GOGAT) in both leaves and roots under N-deficient conditions. Moreover, they accumulated less ammonium (NH₄⁺) but more free amino acids in leaves compared with the WT plants. These observations suggest that better N assimilation might contribute to the low-N tolerant phenotype of the lnt1 mutant.     

成熟期短时渍水胁迫对烤烟碳氮代谢关键酶及主要碳、氮化合物含量的影响

以烤烟云烟97为材料,采用田间试验研究了成熟期短时渍水处理对烤烟碳氮代谢关键酶活性及主要碳、氮化合物含量的影响。结果表明,在烤烟成熟期渍水处理3 d,中部叶片硝酸还原酶活性低于对照,降幅为20.39%;转化酶和淀粉酶活性高于对照,增幅分别为33.14%,56.70%;烟叶淀粉、总氮和烟碱含量有降低趋势,分别下降了2.9,0.74,0.77个百分点,而总糖和还原糖含量有增加趋势,分别上升了1.33,0.46个百分点。说明渍水胁迫使叶片生理代谢紊乱,氮代谢减弱,碳水化合物积累减少。研究结果有助于从生理生化角度揭示成熟期渍水胁迫对烤烟生长和品质形成影响的机制。     

Lactobacilli counts in crop,ileum and caecum of growing broiler chickens fed on practical diets containing whole or dehulled sweet lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) seed meal

1. Four experiments with growing broiler chickens were carried out to study the effects of the inclusion in their diets of lupin (Lupinus angustifolius ) seed meal on E. coli and lactobacilli counts in crop, ileum and caeca at 3 or 4 weeks of age. 2. Diets were formulated to contain the same amounts of metabolisable energy (12.55 MJ/kg) and protein (210 g/kg). Raw whole (heat-untreated) or dehulled sweet (low in alkaloids) lupin seed meal (400 and 320 g/kg respectively) were used to prepare the lupin-based diets, whose protein content was completed with either defatted soyabean meal or casein. 3. Final body weight and food intake of chickens fed on whole lupin seed meal diets were lower than controls, but gain: food ratios were not different. However, birds given the diet with dehulled lupin seed meal had similar body weight, food intake and gain: food values as those of controls. 4. While E. coli counts were not affected, lactobacilli numbers were consistently increased compared to controls in all intestinal sections of chickens fed on the whole or dehulled lupin-based diets, irrespective of the age of the birds or the presence of soyabean meal or casein in the diet. The lactobacilli species isolated were: Lactobacillus fermentum, L. acidophilus, L. salivarius and L. brevis 5. The results suggest that the use of whole or dehulled sweet lupin seed meal in diets for growing broilers might enhance the growth of lactic acid-fermenting bacteria in the gut.     

Associated luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and luteinizing hormone secretion in ovariectomized gilts.

The secretion of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) and its temporal association with pulses of luteinizing hormone (LH) was examined in ovariectomized prepuberal gilts. Push-pull cannulae (PPC) were implanted within the anterior pituitary gland and LHRH was quantified from 10 min (200 microliters) perfusate samples. Serum LH concentrations were determined from jugular vein blood obtained at the midpoint of perfusate collection. Initial studies without collection of blood samples, indicated that LHRH secretion in the ovariectomized gilt was pulsatile with pulses comprised of one to three samples. However, most pulses were probably of rapid onset and short duration, since they comprised only one sample. Greater LHRH pulse amplitudes were associated with PPC locations within medial regions of the anterior pituitary close to the median eminence. In studies which involved blood collection, LH secretion was not affected by push-pull perfusion of the anterior pituitary gland in most gilts, however, adaptation of pigs to the sampling procedures was essential for prolonged sampling. There was a close temporal relationship between perfusate LHRH pulses and serum LH pulses with LHRH pulses occurring coincident or one sample preceding serum LH pulses. There were occasional LHRH pulses without LH pulses and LH pulses without detectable LHRH pulses. These results provide direct evidence that pulsatile LHRH secretion is associated with pulsatile LH secretion in ovariectomized gilts. In addition, PPC perfusion of the anterior pituitary is a viable procedure for assessing hypothalamic hypophyseal neurohormone relationships.     

A role for DNA characterisation in ovine footrot

Bacteroides nodosus involved in several outbreaks of ovine footrot over a number of years were subjected to DNA restriction endonuclease analysis. Individual isolates were found to have characteristic Bam HI profiles which permitted their accurate identification and differentiation from other isolates. Bam HI profiles of B. nodosus isolates were used in epidemiological investigations involving consecutive outbreaks of footrot on individual and neighbouring farms. The relationship of given isolates to a common source could be established by this means. Restriction endonuclease analysis provides an additional epidemiological tool in ovine footrot investigations as it accurately identifies interstrain differences in a manner not possible by conventional bacteriological and serological means.