不同漫反射样品池间近红外数学模型的转移

研究用斜率/截距(Slope/Bias)校正法来实现傅里叶变换近红外光谱仪上两种漫反射样品池间数学模型的转移。结果表明:普通漫反射样品池与积分球样品池上的模型可以相互转移,且两种样品池上不同粒度样品的数学模型也可以转移。     

崖城系列甘蔗亲本遗传多样性的AFLP标记分析

采用15对多态性较好的AFLP引物对52份崖城系列甘蔗亲本品系的遗传多样性进行分析,结果表明,每对引物的多态性位点平均为61.40,多态性位点率为77.30%.52份材料的遗传相似系数在0.483 2～0.961 4之间,平均为0.680 6,遗传多样性属中等水平.来自同一组合"CP72-1210×崖城82-108"品系的遗传相似性系数很高,在0.783 6～0.839 8范围内,平均是0.811 7.以遗传相似系数阈值约为0.670 0划分,聚类分析把52份材料分为5大类,系谱记录中亲缘关系密切的品系,大多数都能归为同一类.不同年代品系的遗传多样性指数差异明显,最高是20世纪90年代,为0.315 5,最低是20世纪的50～70年代,为0.265 4;来自相一组合的后代品系遗传多样性指数较低.建议在亲本创新过程中,同一亲本不宜过多重复使用.     

蚯蚓粪对龙眼断根生长及根际环境的影响

为了研究蚯蚓粪对果树根系生长和根际的影响,以“石硖”龙眼为试材,把龙眼的根系剪断后分别插入装有蚯蚓粪、牛粪和果园土的根际袋中,研究断根后龙眼根系的生长情况、根际袋中蚯蚓粪的养分变化情况以及根际微生物的情况。结果表明：与果园土相比,蚯蚓粪和牛粪诱导新根生长的量分别提高了342.3%和231.6%。蚯蚓粪中氮的含量分别比牛粪和果园土高144.3%和434.1%,磷的含量分别高366.5%和1256.0%,钾的含量分别高248.9%和392.0%。蚯蚓粪和牛粪中放线菌的数量分别比果园土高240.5%和211.1%,细菌的数量分别比果园土高255.9%和229.6%,蚯蚓粪中真菌的数量与果园土相差不大,而牛粪中真菌的数量比果园土高204.6%。蚯蚓粪是最适宜龙眼根系生长的基质。     

无人机多光谱遥感反演不同深度土壤盐分

快速、精准获取作物覆盖下的土壤盐分信息,可以提高区域土壤盐渍化治理的有效性。该研究在内蒙古河套灌区沙壕渠灌域内试验地获取无人机多光谱遥感图像数据,并同步采集不同深度的土壤盐分数据。通过遥感图像数据提取光谱反射率并计算传统光谱指数,在此基础上引入红边波段建立新的光谱指数,同时使用Elastic-net算法（ENET）对光谱变量进行筛选,并将筛选后的光谱变量分为原始光谱变量组和改进光谱变量组;运用BP神经网络（Back Propagation Neural Networks,BPNN）、支持向量机（Support Vector Machine,SVM）和极限学习机（Extreme Learning Machine,ELM）3种机器学习方法,构建作物覆盖下不同土壤深度的土壤盐分反演模型,并基于最佳反演模型绘制试验区不同深度土壤盐分反演图。结果表明,使用ENET变量选择方法可以有效筛选出最优光谱变量,且基于改进光谱变量组构建的反演模型精度均高于原始光谱变量组;ELM模型反演效果优于SVM模型和BPNN模型,其验证集的决定系数为0.783,均方根误差为0.141,一致性相关系数为0.875;研究区域内,作物覆盖下的土壤盐分最佳反演深度为10～20 cm;在不同土壤深度下,基于改进光谱变量组构建的最佳反演模型绘制的土壤盐分反演图可以较为真实的反映试验区内的盐渍化程度,这说明引入红边波段构建光谱指数可以用于土壤盐分的反演。该研究为无人机多光谱遥感监测农田土壤盐渍化以及农田盐渍化治理提供了一种新途径。     

安康市汉滨区水稻直播配套集成技术

通过对陕西省安康市汉滨区不同茬口直播水稻开展高产技术研究,集成配套适合汉滨区的水稻直播绿色高效栽培技术,并在全区各镇办大力示范推广,节本增效明显。     

Rice bioinformatics in the genomic era:Status and perspectives

Rice is one of cereal crops and a model species for monocots. Since the release of the first draft rice gen-ome sequences in 2002, considerable progress has bee...     

Resistance in the highly DDT-resistant 91-R strain of Drosophila melanogaster involves decreased penetration,increased metabolism,and direct excretion

Resistance to 4,4′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) in the 91-R strain of Drosophila melanogaster is extremely high compared to the susceptible Canton-S strain (>1500 times). In addition to enhanced oxidative detoxification, the 91-R strain also has a reduced rate of DDT penetration, increased levels of reductive and conjugative metabolism, and substantially more excretion than the Canton-S strain. Contact penetration of DDT was ∼30% less with 91-R flies, which also had significantly more cuticular hydrocarbons and a thicker, more laminated cuticle compared to Canton-S flies, possibly resulting in penetration differences. DDT was metabolized ∼1.6-fold more extensively by 91-R than Canton-S flies, resulting in dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), two unidentified metabolites and polar conjugates being formed in significantly greater amounts. 91-R flies also excreted ∼4-fold more DDT and metabolites than Canton-S flies. Verapamil pretreatment reduced the LD₅₀ value for 91-R flies topically dosed with DDT by a factor of 10-fold, indicating that the increased excretion may involve, in part, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. In summary, DDT resistance in 91-R is polyfactorial and includes reduced penetration, increased detoxification and direct excretion.     

Numerical simulation of internal stress profiles and three-dimensional deformations of lower extremity beneath medical graduated compression stocking (GCS)

The most significant medical function of graduated compression stocking (GCS) is to provide controlled support and pressure to the skin surface and the underlying tissues of the lower extremity, to prevent and treat venous disease, thus improving the blood circulation. However, due to lack of suitable technologies for the experimental measurements, the transfer mechanisms of the external pressure applied by GCS and internal stress states within the leg soft tissue were not well examined, which bring some difficulties to GCS compression design. The present study numerically simulated and analyzed surface pressure applied by GCS and the cross-sectional deformations at the target region of leg. The underlying tissues stress profiles as well as their dynamic alterations with time processing were presented and quantitatively investigated. Moreover, the medical significance of the cross-sectional inner stress distributions was discussed. The validation results indicated that the simulated pressure profiles applied by GCS agreed reasonably well with the measured ones. The developed biomechanical model can be used for prediction and analysis of the pressure functional performances applied by GCSs, thus helping us more understanding mechanisms of compression action and improving their medical functions.     

Effects of material properties and fabric structure characteristics of graduated compression stockings (GCS) on the skin pressure distributions

Graduated compression stockings (GCS) have been widely used for the prophylaxis and treatment of venous diseases. Their gradient pressure function largely related to their fabric structure and material properties. By combing fabric physical testing and wear trials, this study investigated the GCSs fabric structure and material properties at different locations along the stocking hoses, and quantitatively analyzed the effects of fabrics on skin pressure longitudinal and transverse distributions. We concluded that, Structural characteristics and material properties of stocking fabrics were not uniform along the hoses, but a gradual variation from ankle to thigh regions, which significantly influenced the corresponding skin pressure gradient distributions; Tensile (WT, EM) and shearing properties (G) generated most significant differences among ankle, knee and thigh regions along the stocking hose, which significantly influenced the skin pressure lognitudinal gradient distribution. More material indices generating significant gradual changes occurred in the fabric wale direction along stocking hose, meaning that materials properties in wale direction would exert more important impact on the skin pressure gradient performances. And, the greater tensibility and smoother surface of fabric in wale direction would contribute to put stocking on and off, and facilitate wearers’ leg extension-flexion movements. The indices of WT and EM of stocking fabrics in series A have strong linear correlations with skin pressure lognitudinal distribution, which largely related to their better performances in gradual changes of material properties. Skin pressure applied by fabric with same material properties produced pronounced differences among four different directions around certain cross-sections of human leg, especially at the ankle region; and, the skin pressure magnitudes at ankle region were more easily influenced by the materials properties, which were considered to be largely related to the anatomic structure of human leg.     

拟南芥钾吸收调控基因AtCIPK23、AtCBL9和AtAKT1农杆菌介导共转化甘蔗

本研究通过农杆菌介导方法将拟南芥调控钾离子吸收的三个重要基因At AKT1、At CBL9和At CIPK23共转化到甘蔗品种粤糖00-236中,以期提高甘蔗耐低钾能力。PCR分析结果表明共获得36份携带At CBL9、At CIPK23和At AKT1三个基因的转基因无性系;Southern blot分析结果表明外源At CBL9基因在甘蔗基因组中的拷贝数为2~5个;在钾离子浓度为200μmol/L的营养液中进行低钾胁迫试验,转基因品系的根系和地上部的平均钾含量分别比对照高37%和23%,叶片平均相对电导率比对照低6%,说明超表达At CIPK23、At CBL9和At AKT1显著提高了甘蔗耐低钾胁迫能力,降低了因低钾胁迫造成的质膜伤害,是创制耐低钾甘蔗种质的有效途径。