几种抗球虫药物对獭兔球虫感染和幼兔生长性能的影响

在福建省福安市某獭兔场共检测出16种艾美耳球虫,均为混合感染。选取210只断乳1周、球虫卵囊阳性的獭兔幼兔,随机分为7组,进行抗球虫药物试验。在抗球虫药物试验组中,2.5%妥曲珠利组的獭兔幼兔按有效剂量30 mg/kg体重、5%肠球双效(盐酸氨丙啉+胺喹噁啉钠)组和5%优球乐(癸氧喹酯)组按有效剂量50 mg/kg体重灌服,分为1次用药组和2次用药组;对照组灌服等量生理盐水。结果显示,妥曲珠利组獭兔幼兔用药后第1周,粪便中的球虫卵囊数(OPG值)比用药前减少78.39%,也显著低于其他药物组和对照组(P<0.01);用药后第2周,球虫OPG值比用药前减少88.35%,感染率也降至最低;用药后第8周,粪便中球虫OPG值比用药前减少92.99%。至用药后第8周,各试验组与对照组獭兔幼兔球虫OPG值均转归为相对较低水平,感染率则仍保持较高水平;妥曲珠利组獭兔幼兔死亡率显著低于对照组(P<0.05),其他组间死亡率差异不显著;其平均增重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),料重比则显著低于对照组(P<0.05)、极显著低于5%肠球双效1次用药组(P<0.01)。     

Parthenolide enhances the apoptosis induced by 4-hydroxyphenyl-retinamide in human hepatoma cells

AIM:To detect the signal pathway of apoptosis induced by 4-hydroxyphenyl-retinamide (4-HPR) and the biological effect of parthenolide-induced apoptosis. METHODS:TUNEL staining, FCM analysis, electrophoretic mobile shift assay (EMSA) were used to determine the actual effects and its mechanism of parthenolide on the 4-HPR-induced apoptosis in human hepatoma Hep-3B and SK-Hep-1 cells. RESULTS:The results of TUNEL and PI staining showed that parthenolide selectively enhanced 4-HPR-induced apoptosis in Hep-3B and SK-Hep-1 cells. Subsequent observations using EMSA assay indicated that parthenolide effectively inhibited NF-κB activation during fenretinide-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION:These findings indicate that parthenolide suppresses 4-HPR-induced apoptosis via inhibition of NF-κB activation and that NF-κB activation during fenretinide-induced apoptosis might have an anti-apoptotic effect.     

桑园暴发枝枯菌核病的原因及防治对策

枝枯菌核病严重危害桑园生产。文章总结桑园暴发桑枝枯菌核病的为害症状、病源、发病特点,分析其发病原因,根据多年桑蚕生产技术经验,提出防治措施,以供参考。     

冻融循环条件下SBS改性沥青混合料的水稳定性研究

在我国北方寒冷地区,冬、春季更替时沥青路面材料长时间处于含水、低温冰冻状态及温度交替变化过程中,因水分和温度的共同作用引起的冻融循环而导致路面开裂现象较为普遍.本文对SBS改性沥青混合料试件进行多次冻融循环后进行劈裂试验,利用空隙率和冻融劈裂抗拉强度随冻融循环次数增加的变化规律来评价SBS沥青混合料的水稳定性.研究结果表明:SBS改性沥青混合料的强度及水稳定性受多次反复冻融影响衰减显著.     

鸵鸟雏鸟下丘脑室旁核发育的组织学及GABA的表达

【目的】观察鸵鸟雏鸟下丘脑室旁核（paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus,PVN）的显微结构和细胞凋亡的发育特点,探明γ-氨基丁酸（γ-aminobutyric,GABA）阳性细胞在PVN内的年龄增长性变化。【方法】以1、45和90 d健康非洲鸵鸟雏鸟为实验动物,利用H.E染色技术、原位缺口末端标记（TUNEL）技术和免疫组化定位表达（SABC）技术,研究鸵鸟雏鸟下丘脑PVN的发育特点。【结果】①鸵鸟雏鸟下丘脑PVN的组织学结构随日龄的增长而逐渐发育成熟,其中PVN小细胞占细胞总数的比例在45 d时最低,明显高于1和90 d的小细胞核;②鸵鸟雏鸟下丘脑PVN内存在细胞凋亡现象,凋亡呈年龄增长性减少;③鸵鸟雏鸟下丘脑PVN内可检测到GABA阳性产物,表达量呈年龄增长性增加的趋势,其中 PVN大细胞部（mPVN）和小细胞部（pPVN）的平均积分光密度均在45 d时最高,显著高于1和90 d的（P＜0.01）。【结论】随着日龄的增长,鸵鸟雏鸟下丘脑PVN的结构和功能不断完善,其在出生后早期（1—45 d）发育较快。     

Optimization of electroless nickel plating on polyester fabric

Electrical conductivity is an important property of electroless nickel plated fabric. The optimized electroless nickel plating method can provide useful information for textile industries to obtain optimum surface resistance and stable plating. In this study, a screening experiment with factorial design and response surface method (RSM) with central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the electroless nickel plating on polyester fabric. A two-level full factorial design (FFD) was used to determine the effects of five factors, i.e. the concentrations of nickel sulfate, sodium hypophosphite and sodium citrate, pH and temperature of the plating solution on surface resistance of the electroless nickel plated fabric. It is found that the nickel sulfate concentration and temperature of the plating solution are the most significant variables affecting the surface resistance of electroless nickel plated fabric. The optimum operating condition is finally obtained by using a desirability function. The test for reliability for predicting response surface equations shows that these equations give an excellent fitting to the observed values. In addition, the deposit composition, surface morphology, crystal structure and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE) were studied. The EMI SE of the nickel plated polyester fabric obtained under the optimal condition is about 60 dB at the frequency ranging from 2 to 18 GHz.     

广西地区罗非鱼寄生车轮虫形态分类的研究

采用银染色方法对广西地区奥尼罗非鱼鱼苗体表寄生的车轮虫进行抽样检测,运用国际通用的方法“统一定位法”和“齿体定位描述法”对检测的车轮虫进行形态学描述,发现寄生于广西奥尼罗非鱼幼鱼体表的车轮虫有两种：异齿车轮虫（Trichodina heterodentata Duncan 1977）与紧密车轮虫（Trichodina compacta Van As＆Basson,1989）,其中紧密车轮虫为国内首次报道,而罗非鱼是国内发现异齿车轮虫的新寄主。     

Effects of dietary n‐3 PUFA supplements on composition of n‐3 PUFA and expression of fatty acid elongase 5 (AJELOVL5) in sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus

This is the first comprehensive study on the effect of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels on the expression of fatty acid elongase 5 (AJELOVL5), PUFA composition, and growth in juvenile sea cucumbers. The specific growth rate (SGR_w) was improved in n‐3 PUFA‐rich diets compared to low n‐3 PUFA diets. AJELOVL5 expression was apparently upregulated in juveniles fed lower PUFA diets relative to higher PUFA diets, with higher expression in the body wall and respiratory tree of juveniles fed diets without ɑ‐linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n‐3) compared to juveniles fed higher ALA level diets; similar results were also detected in juveniles fed diets with lower eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n‐3), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n‐3), and none of ALA, EPA, or DHA respectively. The concentrations of ALA, EPA, and DHA in tissues were positively related to the content of dietary corresponding PUFA, with higher ALA content in juveniles fed diet ALA_12.71 than in the ALA_7.46 and ALA₀ groups. Similar results were also obtained in sea cucumber fed diets enriched with either EPA or DHA. Interestingly, considerable levels of EPA and DHA were found in the tissues of juveniles fed diets of CK₀ and DHA₀, with no specific input of EPA or DHA, showing that the sea cucumber was capable of biosynthesizing EPA and DHA from their corresponding precursors as ALA and linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n‐6).     

Fulicur与Caramba防治小麦赤霉病的效果

室内试验表明:Fulicur与Caramba对小麦赤霉菌的菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发有强烈的抑制作用,效果略高于对照药剂多菌灵;抑制中浓度(EC50)分别为0.47μL/L与0.54μL/L。田间药效测定表明:接种前2d喷药与接种后2d喷药,与对照相比,Fulicur可使小麦赤霉病病情减少80.3%和70.6%,产量增加11.46%与8.03%;Caramba可使小麦赤霉病病情减少80.5%与68.0%,产量增加10.24%与10.28%。初步认为这两种药剂可以作为防治小麦赤霉病的替代品种。     

基因组学在植物病理学中的应用

基因组学研究开创了一个新的生物学世纪,特别是在农业领域。随着遗传模式植物的利用,农业上重要生物的序列测定以及生物信息学和功能基因组学的结合使用促进了农业领域基因组学的发展。笔者就利用基因组学研究方法在植物病理学学科中所取得的一些进展进行了综述。这些研究对深入了解植物-病原菌的互作关系,最终提高植物对有害生物的抗性提供参考。