连云港沙质海岸防护林地的土壤特性

测定了连云港沙质海岸刺槐纯林、杨树纯林、刺槐×杨树混交林、美国白蜡×桑混交林、苦楝×桑混交林5种模式防护林林地土壤理化性质,以附近未造林的草地为对照,分析了各林地的土壤理化性质,对5种模式防护林地的土壤理化特性进行聚类分类。结果表明:防护林能减少土壤密度,增大孔隙,改善土壤颗粒组成,增加土壤有机质和速效养分,降低pH值;不同林龄和树种改土能力不同;表层(0刺槐×杨树混交林>杨树纯林>新造林和对照地。     

东方蝾螈、太行隆肛蛙、丽纹龙蜥心脏的比较组织学研究

采用H．E．染色、显微镜观察法对东方蝾螈、太行隆肛蛙、丽纹龙蜥的心脏进行研究．结果显示：东方蝾螈、太行隆肛蛙心脏结构基本相同,丽纹龙蜥的心脏与二者有一定差别．3种动物的心脏均为两心房一心室,但丽纹龙蜥的心室开始出现不完全分隔,为不完全的双循环系统;红细胞均为有核红细胞;心脏壁有内、中、外3层结构,分别为心内膜、心肌层及心外膜．心内膜位于心脏内层,表面是一层不规则的多角形内皮细胞,胞核为椭圆形．心肌层主要由心肌纤维构成,心肌纤维间充满结缔组织和血管．心肌纤维由心肌细胞组成,胞核呈圆形或椭圆形,位于细胞中央．心外膜位于外层,由结缔组织构成,内含较多弹性纤维．3种动物心脏结构的差别是两栖类、爬行类动物在进化过程中对环境不断适应的结果．     

氮肥运筹对玉米氮素动态变化和氮肥利用的影响（英文）

[目的]探讨氮肥运筹对雨养条件下玉米氮素动态变化和氮肥利用的影响,以期为雨养条件下玉米单产进一步突破提供理论依据与技术支撑。[方法]选择先玉335作为试验材料,设置两个播种密度（8.5万株/hm2和9.5万株/hm2）。化肥施用总量一定,磷钾肥作为底肥施入,氮肥按不同比例分期施用,以尿素作为追肥肥料,在拔节期和吐丝期施入。分别于拔节期、吐丝期、吐丝后15 d、吐丝后30d、吐丝后45 d、吐丝后60 d测量叶、茎、鞘、苞叶、籽粒、穗轴、雄穗和花丝的氮含量。[结果]氮素积累量在吐丝后45 d前后达到最大;高密度有利于氮量积累;植株总氮量与产量呈正相关,高密度下相关系数大;高密度下籽粒氮含量和氮收获指数均与产量呈显著正相关性;吐丝期氮肥比例相对高有利于叶片和穗部（籽粒＋苞叶＋穗轴）氮素在生育后期的积累及茎鞘氮素的转运,前期氮肥比例大易造成穗部氮代谢延后。氮素吸收高峰在吐丝到吐丝后15 d;吐丝期氮肥比例高的施肥方式提高了生育后期的氮素吸收速率,在较高密度下吸收速率前移。[结论]氮肥施用比例适当后移,对氮肥利用有利;前期氮素累积太多对后期氮素吸收利用有抑制作用。     

Effects of High Fluoride and Low Iodine on Thyroid Function in Offspring Rats

Thirty-two Wistar rats were divided randomly into four groups of eight with six females and two males in each group. The rats were exposed to high fluoride drinking water (45 mg F- L-1 from 100 mg NaF L-1), low dietary iodine (0.0855 mg kg-1), or both together in order to assess the effects of these three regimens on the thyroid function of the offspring rats. After the animal model was established, the offspring rats were bred and 10-, 20-, 30-, 60-, and 90-d-old rats were used for the experiment. The treatments for the offspring rats were the same as those of their parents. In comparison with control rats, the relative thyroid glands were changed by three regimens, but the mean values of thyroid weight in the experimental groups saw no marked difference. Serum TT3 levels were increased in all stages in the low iodine (LI) group. In the high fluoride (HiF) group, increase in TT3 levels was observed except in 20-d-old rats. Decrease in TT3 at 20- and 90-d and increase in TT3 at 30- and 60-d were found in HiF+LI group. Serum TT4 levels first saw an increase, and then dropped in the LI and HiF+LI group. However, an increase in TT4 was found in the HiF group. The levels of TSH in serum rocketed at d 20, and then dropped in the next stages in experimental groups. The results suggested that thyroid disorder could be induced by high flroride in drinking water, low iodine diet, or both of them. Exposure time to fluoride or low iodine diet was one of the important factors that fluoride can induce the development of thyroid dyfunction.     

International harmonisation of anthelmintic efficacy guidelines

The "International Co-operation on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Veterinary Medicinal Products (VICH)" is an international programme of co-operation between regulatory authorities and the animal health industries of the European Union, Japan, and the United States of America which aims to harmonise the technical requirements for the registration of veterinary medicinal products. Australia and New Zealand participate as active observers. The objective of the present paper is to present the guidelines established by the working group on Anthelmintic Efficacy Guidelines: (1) efficacy of anthelmintics: general requirements (VICH GL7); (2) efficacy of anthelmintics: specific recommendations for bovines (VICH GL12); (3) efficacy of anthelmintics: specific recommendations for ovines (VICH GL13); (4) efficacy of anthelmintics: specific recommendations for caprines (VICH GL14). These guidelines do not consist of rigid stipulations, but make clear recommendations on the minimal standards needed. To the veterinary profession, livestock producers and animal owners, harmonisation should mean quicker access to safer and more effective veterinary anthelmintics. In general, products should be relatively more affordable because of the reduction in registration costs and efficient use of resources by the regulatory authorities.     

美洲斑潜蝇: 一种国际上重要的检疫害虫

根据文献报道，本文对美洲斑潜蝇的分布，寄主，为害特征，生物学特性，主要寄生性天敌以及防治等问题进行了综合性的介绍，该虫的分类特征也作了详细的描述     

在高度饥馑条件下,大蒜幼苗发育过程中细胞内含物由衰老器官向新生部位的转移

在缺乏光照的条件下,把大蒜的蒜瓣培养在蒸馏水中,研究了新长出的叶片、根与蒜瓣之间在生长过程中细胞内含物再分配与再利用的进程及其与物质转移方式的可能关系。本工作表明,新长出的根、叶所需的营养物质最初全部来自蒜瓣的细胞内含物;并且是以新老器官更替的方式,由蒜瓣顺序转移到新生叶片中,并由先形成的叶片依次转移到尖端新生叶片及根中,使蒜瓣的细胞内含物反复多次地被再分配、再利用;同时,测定结果显示出第四片新叶中所含全 N 的三分之一是来自撤退的根系细胞内含物,最后由于根系的衰退而导致幼苗的过早死亡。此外、衰老器官向新生器官输出细胞内含物时,N.P.K 的输出与干物质的输出存在着明显的相关关系(r=0.98—0.99),表明细胞内含物的再分配是按着原有比例由衰老叶片陆续撤离的。这很难用通常的见解——细胞内含物的撤离必须先降解成溶质后再行转移——来解释,却有助于支持原生质主动撤离的假说。     

Effects of propranolol on thyroid function in the dog

The effect of propranolol on thyroid function was evaluated in 6 mature euthyroid Beagles. Propranolol was administered orally in doses of 20 mg given 3 times daily for 2 weeks and then increased to 40 mg given 3 times daily for an additional 2 weeks. Six age- and sex-matched, euthyroid Beagles served as controls. Serum base-line concentrations of tetraiodothyronine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) were measured before propranolol administration and at weekly intervals thereafter. Thyroid response to 5 IU of aqueous thyroid stimulating hormone administered IV was monitored before propranolol administration and at the 2- and 4-week treatment intervals. The T4, T3, and rT3 concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. There were no significant differences in base-line or postthyroid stimulating hormone serum concentrations of T4, T3, or rT3 in any individual or between the treatment or control groups at any treatment interval (P greater than 0.05). Seemingly, the therapeutic use of propranolol in euthyroid dogs should not alter thyroid hormone metabolism.     

Evaluation of urine sulfated and nonsulfated bile acids as a diagnostic test for liver disease in dogs

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate 3 methods for measuring urine bile acids (UBA) and compare their diagnostic performance with that of the serum bile acids (SBA) test and other routine screening tests in dogs with hepatic disorders. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 15 healthy dogs, 102 dogs with hepatic disorders, and 9 dogs with clinical signs of hepatic disorders that were found to have nonhepatic disorders. PROCEDURES: Blood and urine samples were collected from sick dogs and healthy dogs for serum biochemical analyses, and determination of concentrations of SBA and UBA. Urine samples were obtained from 15 healthy dogs to establish an upper cutoff value for UBA concentrations. The UBA were measured by use of a quantitative-linked enzymatic colorimetric method. Three analytical modifications were evaluated; 1 quantified only urine sulfated bile acids (USBA), 1 only urine nonsulfated bile acids (UNSBA), and 1 quantified both (USBA plus UNSBA). The UBA values were standardized with the urine creatinine concentration. RESULTS: The UNSBA-to-creatinine ratio and USBA plus UNSBA-to-creatinine ratio tests had the best diagnostic performance of the UBA tests; each had a substantially higher specificity, slightly higher positive predictive value, slightly lower negative predictive value, and lower sensitivity than the SBA test. These UBA-to-creatinine values were positively correlated with SBA values. The USBA-to-creatinine ratio had poor sensitivity, indicating a low rate of bile acid sulfation in dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The UBA can be measured in dogs with sufficient repeatability and accuracy for clinical application. The UNSBA-to-creatinine ratio and USBA plus UNSBA-to-creatinine ratio identified dogs with hepatic disorders nearly as well as the SBA test.