动物科学专业认知实习课程教学实践

动物科学专业认知实习是引导学生了解专业、树立专业思想的一个重要环节。通过合理设计课程、精心编排内容等一系列实践,探索出了聘请企业指导教师现场讲解、深入现代化企业感知前沿科技、聘请专家和劳模融入情怀教育、校企协同育人长效机制、加强基地建设等方法,使课程内容不断优化,对引导学生全面认知专业、激发学习热情、树立正确的专业思想、坚定学农爱农为农的信念有较好的积极作用,实现了“既认知动物科技、又感知专业情怀”的“双认知”,同时促进了教学质量的提高。     

果园生草养殖奶山羊的畜牧生态化养殖技术探讨

红河州建水县地处低纬度、高海拔的喀斯特地区,是国家“十三五”可持续发展实验区之一。近年来,以种草、养羊为模式的畜牧业迅速发展,成为农户增收的有效途径,但在发展过程中,土地利用率低、养殖效益低下等问题也日益凸显,因此,为了提高效益,促进生态畜牧业的发展,在建水县面甸镇五里冲建设了奶山羊种草养殖现代高效农业示范园区,该园区的建设模式对于缓解当地的能源问题、保护生态环境具有重大而深远的意义,并为今后推广种草养畜技术提供技术和理论指导。     

肉牛微量元素锌锰碘营养状况的评价

在云南省会泽县和昭通市进行了 6个不同阶段的肉牛微量元素补饲试验 ,添加补充料后 ,肉牛日粮、血浆和血清中微量元素Zn、Mn和日粮I、血浆蛋白结合碘 (PBI)含量均有不同程度的增加 ,部分理化指标有显著变化 (P <0 0 5 ) ,表明在农村传统饲养模式下 ,肉牛微量元素Zn、Mn营养充足 ,但至少缺乏微量元素I,添加易吸收Zn、Mn对肉牛生产性能有一定的促进作用     

抗肝片吸虫新药碘醚柳胺的合成研究

以邻二氯苯为起始原料,经硝比、醚化、还原、卤化、缩会等五步反应(总收率约46％),合成了抗肝片吸虫新药碘醚柳胺,并以红外光谱、质谱和元素分析等对此化学结构进行了确证。     

AAHA/AAFP pain management guidelines for dogs & cats

Pain management in dogs and cats has undergone a dramatic evolution in the past decade. Current approaches focus on anticipation and prevention of pain, as well as both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic management techniques. The veterinary team plays an essential role in educating pet owners about recognizing and managing pain in their pets.     

禽霍乱蜂胶灭活疫苗对雏鸡免疫试验

本文报告不同剂量禽霍乱蜂胶灭活疫苗对雏鸡免疫的安全性和效果，按雏难的日龄分成Ⅰ组，Ⅱ组，Ⅲ组，Ⅳ组共４组。结果，Ⅰ组接种０．３ｍｌ，０．４ｍｌ，０．５ｍｌ苗的鸡反应率分别为１６．７４％，１６．７６，１７．７９％，免疫后３个月统计，死亡率分别为３．０９％，２．８５％，２．８９％。Ⅱ组接种０．３ｍｌ，０．５ｍｌ，０．７ｍｌ苗的反应率分别为１２．８２％，１３．８３％，１６．２６％，死亡率分别为４．２９％     

Bile acid concentrations in the diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease in the dog

The clinical usefulness of measuring serum bile acid concentrations as a diagnostic test for hepatobiliary disease, was examined in 150 dogs that were suspected of having hepatic disease. Serum values of total bilirubin (TB), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), and albumin were also measured. Fasting serum bile acid (FSBA) values were determined, using a solid-phase radioimmunoassay for total conjugated bile acids or a direct enzymatic spectrophotometric method. A definitive diagnosis was established by histologic examination of the liver. On the basis of histologic findings, dogs were assigned to groups (1 to 8, respectively) including: extrahepatic bile duct obstruction, cirrhosis, portal systemic vascular anastomosis (PSVA), hepatic necrosis, intrahepatic cholestasis, steroid hepatopathy, neoplasia, and secondary disease. Dogs in group 8 had no morphologic evidence of hepatobiliary disease or had mild hepatic lesions. Test efficacies of FSBA, TB, ALP, ALT, and albumin were expressed using 4 indices: sensitivity, specificity, and positive-predictive and negative-predictive values. The diagnostic efficacy of FSBA was examined alone and in combinations with the other tests. There was wide overlapping of FSBA values among dogs in groups 1 to 7, and there was wide overlapping of ALT and ALP values among dogs in all groups. The specificity of FSBA for the diagnosis of liver disease exceeded 90% at values greater than or equal to 30 mumol/L and reached 100% at greater than or equal to 50 mumol/L. Individual liver tests with the best sensitivity for each group were:FSBA and ALP for extrahepatic bile duct obstruction; FSBA for cirrhosis and PSVA; ALT for hepatic necrosis; and ALP for intrahepatic cholestasis, steroid hepatopathy, and neoplasia. Combinations of tests with the best sensitivity for each group were: FSBA + ALP for extrahepatic bile duct obstruction; FSBA + ALT for cirrhosis and PSVA; FSBA + ALT and TB + ALT for hepatic necrosis; and FSBA + ALP for intrahepatic cholestasis, steroid hepatopathy, and neoplasia. Individual tests had the best sensitivity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

日本鳗鲡繁殖生物学研究概述

日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)是中国和日本最广泛养殖的鱼类之一。其养殖基于对天然玻璃鳗的捕捞,从而导致天然玻璃鳗资源逐渐出现严重的匮乏。为解决此问题,众多研究者致力于玻璃鳗的人工繁殖。主要阐述了30年来日本鳗鲡繁殖生物学研究的相关成果:在亲鳗催熟前需进行强化培育,雌、雄鳗达到性成熟需要不同的催熟药物和催熟时间,17,20-β-二羟孕酮(DHP)的催产效果较好;温度、盐度、水体离子含量等环境因子对胚胎和仔鱼发育影响较大;自由氨基酸、卵黄脂蛋白和硝化甘油是受精卵及卵黄囊期仔鱼的主要能源物质,磷脂是辅助能源物质;用鲨鱼卵冷冻干燥粉末添加复合维生素、磷虾提取液等制成的浆状饵料是仔鱼较适宜的开口饵料;胚胎发育进程为初孵仔鱼体长3.5mm,仅分化出咽,从第7天开始,仔鱼具有消化和吸收食物的能力并出现大幅生长,到100d时,仔鱼已具有较强的免疫能力。     

Epigenetics and transgenerational inheritance in domesticated farm animals

Epigenetics provides a molecular mechanism of inheritance that is not solely dependent on DNA sequence and that can account for non-Mendelian inheritance patterns. Epigenetic changes underlie many normal developmental processes, and can lead to disease development as wel. While epigenetic effects have been studied in wel-characterized rodent models, less research has been done using agricultural y important domestic animal species. This review wil present the results of current epigenetic research using farm animal models(cattle, pigs, sheep and chickens). Much of the work has focused on the epigenetic effects that environmental exposures to toxicants, nutrients and infectious agents has on either the exposed animals themselves or on their direct offspring. Only one porcine study examined epigenetic transgenerational effects; namely the effect diet micronutrients fed to male pigs has on liver DNA methylation and muscle mass in grand-offspring(F2 generation). Healthy viable offspring are very important in the farm and husbandry industry and epigenetic differences can be associated with production traits. Therefore further epigenetic research into domestic animal health and how exposure to toxicants or nutritional changes affects future generations is imperative.