波尔山羊部分生产性状的遗传分析

用 16 8头波尔种羊及其 345头后裔资料计算波尔山羊初生重、 1月龄和 2月龄体重的主效基因指数 ,并对其中 12头公羊的 2 5 6头后裔的窝产羔数、羔羊初生重、 1月龄和 2月龄体重进行遗传分析。结果窝产羔数、羔羊初生重、 1月龄和 2月龄体重的遗传力分别为 0 15 ,0 4 3,0 39和 0 35。产羔数与羔羊初生重、 1月龄和 2月龄体重间的表型相关系数分别为 0 32 ,0 4 5和 0 4 6 ;遗传相关系数分别为 - 0 34,- 0 36和 - 0 4 1。羔羊初生重与 1月龄和 2月龄体重间的表型相关系数分别为 0 5 9和 0 6 2 ;遗传相关系数分别为 0 6 4和 0 72。 1月龄和 2月龄体重间的表型相关系数和遗传相关系数分别为 0 6 8和 0 78。主效基因指数分析表明 ,初生重不存在主效基因遗传 ,而 1月龄和 2月龄体重存在主效基因遗传     

棉花抗病核不育两用系的培育及应用研究

１９７８ 年开始选用含棉花核雄性不育基因ｍ ｓ１４的两用系４７３Ａ、抗枯萎病品种陕棉９ 号及抗枯黄萎病品种中棉所１２, 通过杂交转育、病圃与非病圃、可育株与不育株的双重交叉选择, 成功地培育出抗枯萎耐黄萎和抗枯萎抗黄萎的核不育两用系抗Ａ１ 和抗Ａ２。并对其抗性遗传、抗性与产量的配合力及其利用情况进行了研究, 以抗Ａ１ 和抗Ａ２ 作母本已选配成３ 个杂交种应用于生产。     

Short-term spatiotemporal variation of soil CO2 emission,temperature, moisture and aeration in sugarcane field reform areas under the influence of precipitation events

Soil CO₂ emission (FCO₂) in agricultural areas results from the interaction of different factors such as climate and soil conditions. Our objective was to investigate the spatiotemporal variation of FCO₂, temperature (T_soil), moisture (M_soil) and air-filled pore space (AFPS), as well as their interactions, during the sugarcane field reform. The study was conducted on a 90 × 90 m sampling grid with 100 points at 10 m spacings. Ten assessments of FCO₂, T_soil and M_soil were carried out at each point over a 28-day period. The greatest mean values of FCO₂ (0.74 g m⁻² hr⁻¹) and M_soil (31.7%) were obtained on Julian day 276, 2013, being associated with precipitation events at the study site. Also, the smallest values of AFPS (19.17%) and T_soil (20.90°C) were observed on the same day. The spatial variability of FCO₂, T_soil, M_soil and AFPS was best described by an adjusted spherical model, although an exponential model better fitted some results. The spatial pattern of all soil attributes showed little temporal persistency, indicating a high complexity for FCO₂ during precipitation. Correlation maps assisted in identifying regions where M_soil and AFPS better controlled the emission process and where T_soil was important. A major challenge for world agriculture is to increase the efficiency of conventional soil management practices. We highlight the importance of the spatial pattern of soil properties that directly influence the CO₂ emission dynamics. Future mitigation actions should involve less intense tillage and ensure homogeneous applications of soil inputs, thereby reducing production costs and the contribution of these activities to CO₂ emissions during the sugarcane field reform.     

论个性化的大学英语课程设置

讨论了目前大学英语课程设置单一的现状，并分析其形成原因。文章以ESP研究关于需求分析的理论为依据，提出大学应根据学生的实际需要、新时期国家和社会对人才培养需要，区别不同层次、不同程度、不同专业学生的需求，而专门设置一系列大学英语课程。说明了设置个性化的大学英语课程的理由和好处。     

Lead Contamination in Feed Affects Performance, Egg Quality and Antioxidant Capacity of Laying Hens

本试验旨在研究不同剂量铅对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质以及血清、肝脏和肾脏中与抗氧化性能相关指标的影响.选用40周龄生产性能相近的海兰褐蛋鸡576羽,随机分为4组:对照组、试验1组(T1组)、试验2组(T2组)、试验3组(T3组),每组4个重复,每个重复36羽.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,T1、T2、T3组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加15、30、60 mg/kg铅的试验饲粮.试验期8周.结果表明:1)各组间产蛋率和料蛋比均无显著差异(P＞0.05),1～8周T3组平均蛋重显著低于对照组(P＜0.05),1～8周T1、T2、T3组平均日采食量分别较对照组降低了3.72％ (P ＜0.05)、1.93％ (P ＞0.05)、3.63％ (P ＜0.05).2)与对照组相比,试验组蛋白高度和哈夫单位均有降低趋势,除T3组蛋白高度(P＜0.05)外均差异不显著(P＞0.05);T3组蛋壳强度和蛋壳厚度最低,第4周和第8周时T3组蛋壳强度分别比对照组降低了21.89％、16.84％(P＜0.05);蛋壳厚度的变化趋势与蛋壳强度一致,均随着铅添加量的增加而降低,呈现一定的剂量-效应关系.3)与对照组相比,各试验组血清、肝脏和肾脏中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性均显著降低(P＜0.05);丙二醛(MDA)含量均在一定程度上升高,T3组血清和肝脏中MDA含量均较对照组显著上升(P＜0.05),各试验组肾脏中MDA含量均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);血清、肝脏和肾脏中还原型谷胱甘肽含量和总抗氧化能力以及总超氧化物歧化酶活性均呈现降低趋势.综上所述,饲料中铅污染可以导致蛋品质降低,诱导脂质过氧化作用,降低蛋鸡抗氧化能力.     

四川省玉米弯孢菌叶斑病发生情况调查及分析

 田间调查表明,玉米弯孢菌叶斑病可随种子远距离传播,玉米品种间感病性有差异,病残组织可在四川省田间自然越冬,多雨、高温、高湿有利于病害发生。玉米于苗期即可发病,穗期病情达到最高峰,成熟期病情趋于稳定。     

Structural development of Pacific red snapper Lutjanus peru from hatching to the onset of first feeding

Successful rearing of larval fish requires culture conditions and feeding strategies matching the ontogenetic status of larvae. This study describes the external morphology and development of organs and structures involved in the feeding process (i.e. sensorial organs, mouthparts and digestive system) from hatching until first feeding in Pacific red snapper. Hatching occurred 26 h after fertilization at 26°C and total length (TL) was 2.45 ± 0.08 mm. The larvae showed an undifferentiated eye and digestive tract. At 48 hah, TL was 3.31 ± 0.12 mm. Yolk and oil globule were still present. The mouth was still closed, but the Meckel's, quadrate, hyoid and hyomandibular cartilages were present. The retina was formed by 5 layers, and a thin layer of pigment epithelium was observed in the outer nuclear layer (ONL). At 70 hah, TL was 3.44 ± 0.22 mm. A remnant of oil globule was still present. The mouth and anus were open. At 93 hah, the number of cones in the ONL of the retina have increased and there was more pigment in the pigment epithelial layer. A joint between Meckel's and the quadrate cartilage and also a joint between the hyomandibular cartilage and the skull were present. The presence of live feed was detected in the digestive tract of these larvae. Based on these observations, the Pacific red snapper larvae is functional to start ingesting live feed between the 3rd and 4th day after hatching.     

中国最早的人工鱼礁试验地——防城港市白龙珍珠湾海洋牧场人工鱼礁建设概述

1979年防城港市白龙珍珠湾海域实施中国首个人工鱼礁试验,到2012年开始实施海洋牧场建设。文章从海域自然条件、早期人工鱼礁状况、海洋牧场人工鱼礁建设概况、取得的效果等方面,简要阐述了防城港市白龙珍珠湾海域海洋牧场人工鱼礁建设情况。