大青叶樱桃根际微生物种群结构及其变化动态

利用选择性培养基,对2年生大青叶樱桃(Cerasus pseudocerasus)根际微生物进行了分离、鉴定和分类,分析了不同物候期根际微生物种群结构的变化。结果表明,从大青叶樱桃根际分离纯化获得的细菌分别属于15个属,以芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)为主;放线菌属于链霉菌属的6个类群,以白色类群(Albosporus)、黄色类群(Flavus)为主;真菌以镰刀菌(Fusarium)和木霉属(Trichoderma)为主。不同生育期根际微生物种群结构不同,落叶期根际细菌种群结构最丰富,萌芽期最少。     

不同基因型番茄耐盐性的研究

以‘JF544’(国家番茄种质资源圃提供)、‘LA1579’(醋栗番茄,L.pimpinelli folium)、‘LA0407’(多毛番茄,L.hirsutum esp glabratum)和‘LA2711’(Edkawi品种,美国番茄遗传研究中心提供)几种不同基因型番茄为试材,设置了5个NaCl浓度梯度,检测盐胁迫下种子发芽率和苗期叶片相对电导率、脯胺酸含量变化及其生物量和根变化,以期对不同品种番茄的耐盐性进行筛选.结果表明:在种子萌发期表现最好的是‘LA0407’,其次是‘JF544'、‘LA2711'和‘LA1579'.在苗期表现最好的是‘LA2711',其次是‘LA0407'、‘LA1579'和‘JF544’.番茄植株在盐胁迫下的反应不仅与其本身耐盐性有关,也与植株的营养状态和植株大小相关.     

油菜苗期抗旱性鉴定及抗旱指标评价

为提高油菜苗期抗旱性鉴定效率,筛选抗旱优异种质,以具有代表性的79份油菜为研究材料,通过PEG 6000模拟干旱胁迫和盆栽苗期干旱存活率试验,分析油菜苗期在干旱胁迫下鲜重、干重、叶面积、相对含水量和抗氧化酶活性等12个指标的变化规律,结合抗旱系数和抗旱度量值(D值)为衡量指标,对油菜材料进行了抗旱性综合评价.结果表明,...     

叶片被毛对干旱区短命植物狭果鹤虱生理生态特征的影响

以荒漠短命植物狭果鹤虱为研究对象,通过野外控制实验,研究叶片被毛(leaf hairs)对狭果鹤虱生理生态特征的影响。结果表明:对于叶片有被毛的植物,模拟凝结水能显著提高叶厚、叶重、叶片水势、净光合速率、气孔导度以及地上生物量(干重),而对根径、根长与地下生物量(干重)表现出较小的效应;对于人工去除叶片被毛的植物,模拟凝结水对其根长、根径、叶厚、叶重、叶片水势、净光合速率、气孔导度、地上与地下生物量的影响不大。由此可知,被毛的存在能显著增加狭果鹤虱叶片吸附凝结水的量,同时也能增强其对干旱环境的适应能力。     

土地利用变化与生态服务功能冲突——以安塞县为例

安塞县位于黄土丘陵沟壑区,经济落后,农业生产水平较低.从土地利用和生态服务功能变化与冲突的角度,分析安塞县农业、环境与生态保护的变化过程与相互作用,指出安塞土地利用变化突出表现为坡地耕垦所引发的土地利用结构的改变;生态服务功能的冲突则主要表现为食物生产与水土保持之间的矛盾.通过资源的有效利用,在实现食物安全的同时,水土流失得到有效控制是完全可能的.     

Periodical characteristics of baseflow in the source region of the Yangtze River

Baseflow,which represents the drainage of groundwater aquifers,is an essential component of runoff in hydrological basins.In the source region of the Yangtze River,the change of baseflow typically reflects the interactions between groundwater system and climatic factors in cold and arid areas.With modified Kalinen separation method,annual baseflow between 1957 and 2009 in this region was estimated and calculated.In comparison with the inner-annual variations of total streamflow,baseflow showed a weaker fluctuation.Before the 1980s,it was in a steady state;and after then,it demonstrated dramatic variations and large amplitudes.Based on the calculation results of baseflow,the real Morlet wavelet method was applied to reveal the periodical characteristics of baseflow as well as the precipitation and air temperature in the study area.It was found that annual baseflow has a 43-year trend as well as a 21-year period and a 7-year period.The 21-year period is most significant,with its wavelet coefficient having the largest fluctuation and amplitude.Summation of wavelet coefficients on these periods exhibits a similar change pattern with respect to that of annual baseflow.The summation curve takes a"W"shape,which means that the baseflow follows a four-stage sequence of descending–ascending–descending–ascending.As analyzed,the relationship among baseflow,precipitation and temperature is implied in the correlation between their normalized wavelet coefficients at different temporal scales.By the significant positive linear correlations both between precipitation and baseflow(correlation coefficient is 0.98)and between temperature and baseflow(correlation coefficient is 0.90)for the 43-year wavelet coefficients,it is suggested that the long-term increasing trends of precipitation and air temperature will lead to an increasing trend of baseflow.For wavelet coefficients of 21-year and 7-year periods,the positive linear correlation between precipitation and baseflow is significant.However,the correlation between air temperature and baseflow is not so evident,especially for the 21-year period.As a conclusion, correlation analysis with normalized wavelet coefficients showed that the change of annual baseflow was contributed mostly by the change of precipitation and secondly by the change of temperature.     

熵权法在草原生态安全评价研究中的应用——以甘肃牧区为例

本文在生态安全评价状态-压力-响应概念框架模型的指导下,以甘肃牧区草原生态安全评价为例,将熵权法与综合评价法有机结合进行了甘肃牧区草原生态安全评价指标权重确定及评价结果计算,在一定程度上丰富和发展了区域生态安全评价方法。研究结果表明,采用该方法得到的评价结果与区域实际情况相吻合,说明其具有科学性和可行性。研究中采用熵权法确定评价指标权重减少了评价过程中的人为主观性的干扰,能够更客观地反映各评价指标对区域整体生态安全状况的贡献率,为区域生态安全定量化评价提供了新的研究手段和方法,在定量化评价研究领域具有一定的实用价值和推广意义。     

东莞市"绿韵"生态园区生物变化调查

东莞市"绿韵"生态园区经过近4年的建设,植物种类从原来的175种上升到263种,各类品种资源丰富,布局合理;鸟类、蛙类、蜘蛛、蛇类等野生动物日渐增多,有害昆虫种类数从原来的41种降到36种,主要害虫的种群密度在下降,有益昆虫种类数从原来的8种上升到14种,大多数有益昆虫的种群密度在上升;作物病害的种类数从原来的55种下降到34种,一些主要作物病害发病率在下降。     

塔里木河下游农业生态系统的能值分析——以尉犁绿洲为例

采用能值分析的理论和方法,通过典型能值分析指标的计算,研究了尉犁绿洲1995-2006年间农业生态系统能值的动态变化,评价该绿洲农业生态系统的发展现状。结果表明:塔里木河中下游典型绿洲尉犁的能值总投入明显上升,其中购买能值比重较高,且增长迅速;尉犁绿洲能值总产出12年来稳步上升,种植业处于其主导地位,且上升趋势明显;尉犁绿洲农业经济和农牧民生活水平稳步提高,但系统产业结构过于单一,环境负荷率逐年增加,农业生态系统的可持续性不断降低。     

低温胁迫对不同种源蒙古莸叶绿素荧光特性的影响

以4个种源(BLG、XS、LJD、JB)的蒙古莸种子培育出的实生苗为试材,对其进行不同温度的处理(3、7、11、15℃),探究不同低温胁迫条件下各种源蒙古莸在不同光强度下叶绿素荧光参数变化规律,旨在阐明其对光照环境条件变化的适应.结果表明:低温胁迫导致其PSⅡ反应中心功能下降,更易失活,对光合器官造成伤害;蒙古莸主要通...