Biomechanical Comparison of the Trocar Tip Point and the Hollow Ground Tip Point for Smooth External Skeletal Fixation Pins

Objective —To compare the insertional characteristics of external fixator pins with hollow ground (HG), modified HG, and trocar (T) points.
Study Design —An acute, in vitro biomechanical evaluation.
Sample Population—Thirteen radii from canine cadavers.
Methods —A total of 16 T-tipped and 16 HG-tipped pins were inserted into 8 canine radii. Ten pins of each modification of the HG tip (length of the cutting edge reduced by 0.127 mm and 0.254 mm, respectively) were inserted into another five radii. All pins were inserted with low-speed power drilling and 80 N drilling load. Differences between peak tip temperature, drilling energy, and pullout force were determined for each pin type at both diaphyseal and metaphyseal locations.
Results —HG-tipped pins showed a 40% lower tip temperature in diaphyseal bone, a 25% reduction in drilling energy in diaphyseal bone, and a reduction of pullout force in both diaphyseal (65%) and metaphyseal (50%) bone compared with T-tipped pins. HG 0.254-mm pins generated higher tip temperatures and had greater pullout than HG pins in diaphyseal bone.
Conclusions —The HG tip was a more efficient design; however, the reduction in pullout force suggests that, because a better hole was drilled, radial preload is reduced. Reduction of the cutting edge by 0.254 mm increased the pullout force but also increased the temperatures.
Clinical Relevance —Thermal and microstructural damage are reduced by the HG tip, but pin-bone interface stability is also compromised. The use of a tip with 0.254 mm reduction in the cutting edge may optimize the biological and mechanical factors at the pin-bone interface.     

依普黄酮对笼养蛋鸡骨质疏松症骨组织病理变化的影响

本试验选用200只24周龄健康海蓝褐蛋鸡,随机分为4组:对照组(基础日粮中含钙3.55%)、低钙组(日粮含钙1.27%)、试验Ⅰ组(8mg依普黄酮/kg低钙日粮)和试验Ⅱ组(20mg依普黄酮/kg低钙日粮),观察依普黄酮对笼养蛋鸡骨质疏松症骨组织病理变化的影响。结果显示,与低钙组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组骨髓腔面积分别显著下降7.81%(P0.05)和10.26%(P0.05),骨皮质平均厚度分别显著升高23.78(P0.05)和27.60(P0.05),并且骨小梁增厚、变密,骨陷窝变浅,成骨细胞增多,破骨细胞减少。结果表明,低钙日粮中添加依普黄酮能显著改善蛋鸡骨质疏松症的临床症状,与其促进成骨细胞生成,抑制破骨细胞活性,使其骨量增加,骨结构得到改善密切相关。     

植物乳杆菌微胶囊化的研究

为了保证足够的乳酸菌在动物肠道中发挥益生作用,试验以海藻酸钠、脱脂奶粉、乳糖为壁材,采用挤压包埋和冷冻干燥结合的方法对植物乳杆菌进行微胶囊化研究。通过正交试验找到最佳的微胶囊化条件及载体的添加量。结果表明,海藻酸钠浓度为3％,脱脂奶粉浓度为4％,乳糖浓度为6％,CaCl₂浓度为2％时,制备的微胶囊中活菌数最高,达到7.67×10¹⁰ CFU/g,且产品具有耐酸性。     

维他昔布咀嚼片体外溶出度的测定

为了建立了维他昔布咀嚼片体外溶出度的测定方法,以0.8％十二烷基硫酸钠溶液为溶出介质,采用桨法(50 r/min),用紫外-可见分光光度法测定溶出度.结果显示,维他昔布浓度在0.002496 ～0.017472 mg/mL范围内,与吸收度呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9995),加样回收率为102.9％(RSD为1.36％),三批样品30 min时溶出度在80％以上.建立的溶出度测定方法重现性,均一性良好,样品溶出度大于80％,可用于维他昔布咀嚼片中溶出度的测定.     

日粮添加酵母硒对蛋鸡血清生化指标的影响

本试验在蛋鸡日粮中添加不同浓度的酵母硒,测定蛋鸡血清生化指标,旨在探究酵母硒对蛋鸡肝脏功能的影响。结果表明:日粮添加酵母硒对蛋鸡血清谷草转氨酶(Aspartate aminotransferase,AST)、谷丙转氨酶(Alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、总胆红素(Total bilirubin,TBIL)无显著影响;日粮添加酵母硒显著降低了血清总胆固醇(Total cholesterol,TC)含量,其中0.80 mg/kg的酵母硒效果最好,第28天比对照组下降了38.06%。认为日粮添加酵母硒没有对蛋鸡肝脏功能产生不良影响,且有保护心血管的作用。     

桑园施沼液好处多

随着各地新农村建设不断深入开展,农村旧村改造以及城镇旧城改造进一步扩大,农民人居环境得到了不断改善,从事畜禽生产的农户急剧减少,并逐渐向专业大户养殖发展。农户在种植土地上施用农家肥也越来越少,     

EIAV驴白细胞弱毒疫苗株减毒过程第61代毒前病毒全基因组DNA的克隆与分析

马传染性贫血病毒(EIAV)的毒株DLV是EIAV驴强毒株DV在驴白细胞中传代125代减毒而成.为阐明EIAV 疫苗致弱及作用机理,本研究克隆和分析了减毒过程中第61代毒前病毒基因组DNA.以该代次毒基因组DNA为模板,设计了特异性引物,进行3次LA-PCR(Long accurate PCR)扩增,均获得了7941 bp的DNA片段,并将PCR产物克隆至pMD18-T载体.经PCR鉴定、酶切鉴定及核酸序列测定,得到了16株DLV第61代的全基因组克隆及其基因组核苷酸序列.根据所测序列,对该基因组中各主要基因序列的多样性以及与已发表的我国EIAV强毒辽宁株LV和疫苗株DLV等的相应序列进行了比较分析.本研究结果为进一步探讨马传贫疫苗的致弱机理及免疫保护机制提供了有益的参考数据.     

复合处理麦秸、青贮玉米秸和精料的组合及比例对奶牛体外瘤胃发酵的影响

本文旨在研究复合处理麦秸、青贮玉米秸和精料的组合及比例对奶牛体外瘤胃发酵的影响。将复合处理麦秸、青贮玉米秸、精料两两组合,且每种组合均设6个组合比例(0∶100、20∶80、40∶60、60∶40、80∶20、100∶0),筛选出最优复合处理麦秸与青贮玉米秸比例后再与精料以这6个比例组合,每个组合3个重复。通过短期人工瘤胃技术测定体外瘤胃发酵参数的变化。结果表明:3种饲料的组合和比例对瘤胃液pH影响不显著(P>0.05),所有组合氨氮浓度均在正常范围内;综合考察微生物蛋白质(MCP)产量和挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度,得出各组合中的最优比例分别为复合处理麦秸∶青贮玉米秸=40∶60、复合处理麦秸∶精料=60∶40、青贮玉米秸∶精料=60∶40以及最优复合处理麦秸与青贮玉米秸组合(40∶60)∶精料=80∶20。综上所述,复合处理麦秸、青贮玉米秸和精料最优的组合比例是32∶48∶20。     

绒山羊骨骼肌miRNAs及其靶基因表达谱分析

本试验选取了miR-1、miR-133、miR-24、miR-122、miR-103、miR-143、let7 7个miRNAs,旨在对其表达量及靶基因表达谱进行分析.选用4只绒山羊的背部和后腿肌肉提取RNA,反转录后,利用SYBR荧光定量PCR来检测各miRNAs的表达量,并采用靶基因指纹图谱(MTFP)技术获得各miRNAs的靶基因表达谱.结果表明,miR-NA表达量依次为:miR-1＞ miR-133＞ miR-24＞ let7＞ miR-143＞ miR-103＞ miR-122,其中miR-1和miR-133表达规律相似,且这7个miRNAs在成羊中的表达量均高于羔羊;此外,miRNAs表达量的差异还受性别影响,且miR-NA表达量与靶基因个数及其表达量之间具有相关性.对5个miRNAs的10个靶基因测序并比对,表明靶基因分别编码与信号转导、细胞周期等相关的蛋白.通过这7个miRNAs与其靶基因表达的分析,揭示了肌肉发育相关miRNAs及脂肪发育相关miRNAs在绒山羊骨骼肌中的异同,有利于绒山羊肉质基因的研究.