梯形渠道跌水口量水的试验研究

跌水是一种较为常见的渠系建筑物,当水流经过跌水口时必然产生缓流向急流的过渡。在梯形渠道上通过2种不同的连接渐变段(扭面与隔墙)以及不同的堰厚和缺口宽度组合,进行了系统的跌水口量水试验,应用量纲分析法建立了2种连接渐变段在不同堰厚下的流量公式,得出流量计算的平均相对误差最大值为3.002%。     

大青叶樱桃根际微生物种群结构及其变化动态

利用选择性培养基,对2年生大青叶樱桃(Cerasus pseudocerasus)根际微生物进行了分离、鉴定和分类,分析了不同物候期根际微生物种群结构的变化。结果表明,从大青叶樱桃根际分离纯化获得的细菌分别属于15个属,以芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)为主;放线菌属于链霉菌属的6个类群,以白色类群(Albosporus)、黄色类群(Flavus)为主;真菌以镰刀菌(Fusarium)和木霉属(Trichoderma)为主。不同生育期根际微生物种群结构不同,落叶期根际细菌种群结构最丰富,萌芽期最少。     

油菜苗期抗旱性鉴定及抗旱指标评价

为提高油菜苗期抗旱性鉴定效率,筛选抗旱优异种质,以具有代表性的79份油菜为研究材料,通过PEG 6000模拟干旱胁迫和盆栽苗期干旱存活率试验,分析油菜苗期在干旱胁迫下鲜重、干重、叶面积、相对含水量和抗氧化酶活性等12个指标的变化规律,结合抗旱系数和抗旱度量值(D值)为衡量指标,对油菜材料进行了抗旱性综合评价.结果表明,...     

叶片被毛对干旱区短命植物狭果鹤虱生理生态特征的影响

以荒漠短命植物狭果鹤虱为研究对象,通过野外控制实验,研究叶片被毛(leaf hairs)对狭果鹤虱生理生态特征的影响。结果表明:对于叶片有被毛的植物,模拟凝结水能显著提高叶厚、叶重、叶片水势、净光合速率、气孔导度以及地上生物量(干重),而对根径、根长与地下生物量(干重)表现出较小的效应;对于人工去除叶片被毛的植物,模拟凝结水对其根长、根径、叶厚、叶重、叶片水势、净光合速率、气孔导度、地上与地下生物量的影响不大。由此可知,被毛的存在能显著增加狭果鹤虱叶片吸附凝结水的量,同时也能增强其对干旱环境的适应能力。     

土地利用变化与生态服务功能冲突——以安塞县为例

安塞县位于黄土丘陵沟壑区,经济落后,农业生产水平较低.从土地利用和生态服务功能变化与冲突的角度,分析安塞县农业、环境与生态保护的变化过程与相互作用,指出安塞土地利用变化突出表现为坡地耕垦所引发的土地利用结构的改变;生态服务功能的冲突则主要表现为食物生产与水土保持之间的矛盾.通过资源的有效利用,在实现食物安全的同时,水土流失得到有效控制是完全可能的.     

Periodical characteristics of baseflow in the source region of the Yangtze River

Baseflow,which represents the drainage of groundwater aquifers,is an essential component of runoff in hydrological basins.In the source region of the Yangtze River,the change of baseflow typically reflects the interactions between groundwater system and climatic factors in cold and arid areas.With modified Kalinen separation method,annual baseflow between 1957 and 2009 in this region was estimated and calculated.In comparison with the inner-annual variations of total streamflow,baseflow showed a weaker fluctuation.Before the 1980s,it was in a steady state;and after then,it demonstrated dramatic variations and large amplitudes.Based on the calculation results of baseflow,the real Morlet wavelet method was applied to reveal the periodical characteristics of baseflow as well as the precipitation and air temperature in the study area.It was found that annual baseflow has a 43-year trend as well as a 21-year period and a 7-year period.The 21-year period is most significant,with its wavelet coefficient having the largest fluctuation and amplitude.Summation of wavelet coefficients on these periods exhibits a similar change pattern with respect to that of annual baseflow.The summation curve takes a"W"shape,which means that the baseflow follows a four-stage sequence of descending–ascending–descending–ascending.As analyzed,the relationship among baseflow,precipitation and temperature is implied in the correlation between their normalized wavelet coefficients at different temporal scales.By the significant positive linear correlations both between precipitation and baseflow(correlation coefficient is 0.98)and between temperature and baseflow(correlation coefficient is 0.90)for the 43-year wavelet coefficients,it is suggested that the long-term increasing trends of precipitation and air temperature will lead to an increasing trend of baseflow.For wavelet coefficients of 21-year and 7-year periods,the positive linear correlation between precipitation and baseflow is significant.However,the correlation between air temperature and baseflow is not so evident,especially for the 21-year period.As a conclusion, correlation analysis with normalized wavelet coefficients showed that the change of annual baseflow was contributed mostly by the change of precipitation and secondly by the change of temperature.     

东莞市"绿韵"生态园区生物变化调查

东莞市"绿韵"生态园区经过近4年的建设,植物种类从原来的175种上升到263种,各类品种资源丰富,布局合理;鸟类、蛙类、蜘蛛、蛇类等野生动物日渐增多,有害昆虫种类数从原来的41种降到36种,主要害虫的种群密度在下降,有益昆虫种类数从原来的8种上升到14种,大多数有益昆虫的种群密度在上升;作物病害的种类数从原来的55种下降到34种,一些主要作物病害发病率在下降。     

塔里木河下游农业生态系统的能值分析——以尉犁绿洲为例

采用能值分析的理论和方法,通过典型能值分析指标的计算,研究了尉犁绿洲1995-2006年间农业生态系统能值的动态变化,评价该绿洲农业生态系统的发展现状。结果表明:塔里木河中下游典型绿洲尉犁的能值总投入明显上升,其中购买能值比重较高,且增长迅速;尉犁绿洲能值总产出12年来稳步上升,种植业处于其主导地位,且上升趋势明显;尉犁绿洲农业经济和农牧民生活水平稳步提高,但系统产业结构过于单一,环境负荷率逐年增加,农业生态系统的可持续性不断降低。     

基于AHP法的信阳毛尖茶内销影响因素研究

信阳毛尖是中国传统历史名茶,近十年来其销售规模扩大了3倍、公用品牌价值增长了66.37％,是茶叶区域公用品牌发展较快的典型案例.本文通过实地调研与问卷调查的方式,基于AHP法对信阳毛尖茶内销影响因素的准则层、指标层进行分析,结果显示对信阳毛尖茶内销影响的主次因素分别是消费者个人可支配收入、茶叶原产地与口感、信阳毛尖茶品...     

超声波预处理对全株青贮玉米品质的影响

为研究超声波预处理对全株青贮玉米品质的影响,设置空白对照组、超声处理组(5、10、15、20、25 min)和乳酸菌对照组进行青贮玉米品质研究.结果表明:15 min和20 min超声处理后,全株玉米青贮饲料感官评定属于优良级.与对照组相比,超声处理后饲料的pH和氨氮比分别降低7.71％和7.82％,乳酸和乙酸含量分别...