广西5种人工林地土壤微生物数量及土壤酶活性分析

为当地珍贵速生树种人工林的发展及合理利用提供理论依据。分析广西5种珍贵树种人工林土壤微生物数量及土壤酶活性差异,以相同立地条件下12年生的黑木相思(Acacia melanoxylon)、老排(Mytilaria laosensis)、红椎(Castanopsis hystrix)、黧蒴椎(Castanopsis fissa)和火力楠(Michelia macelurei)人工纯林为研究对象,采用稀释平板涂布法和土壤酶活性测定法,测定和分析该5种人工林地土壤微生物数量及酶活性。结果表明:5种林地的土壤微生物总数和细菌数量大小均为:火力楠黧蒴锥红椎黑木相思米老排。但5种林地的土壤酶活性大小不一,蔗糖酶、脲酶、蛋白酶、酸性磷酸酶活性在5种林地之间的差异极其显著,而过氧化氢酶活性不显著。5种林地中土壤酶活性相对较强的是米老排人工林,较弱的是黑木相思林和火力楠林。土壤酶活性与微生物数量的相关分析表明,土壤中蔗糖酶活性与放线菌数量呈极显著正相关关系,其余相关性没有达到显著水平。     

我国绿系蜂胶的探讨

绿系蜂胶的概念主要来自巴西蜂胶。近些年来，我国出现的大炒巴西蜂胶的现象源于对巴西蜂胶狭隘和浅薄的认识及商业利益的驱动。我们通过赴巴西对巴西蜂胶及相关情况的实地考察，引发了我们对以巴西蜂胶为代表的绿系蜂胶的探讨。     

华北落叶松针叶碳、氮、磷含量及化学计量比的季节变化

【目的】碳(C)、氮(N)和磷(P)在林木的生长发育中有着重要作用,三者的含量变化和元素比值控制着林木的营养和生长状况。本研究主要分析了秦岭山区同一树种不同林龄叶片的C、N、P含量及化学计量比随季节变化的规律,为林木施肥管理提供依据。【方法】在林木生长季的不同月份(2012年5月到10月每月中旬),对秦岭5年生(5a)、10年生(10 a)、20年生(20 a)3种林龄的华北落叶松针叶进行定期采集,并测定不同月份各林龄针叶的C、N、P含量和化学计量比值,对不同林龄不同生长季华北落叶松针叶的C、N、P及C∶N、C∶P、N∶P的动态变化进行分析,并对其C∶N与氮含量、C∶P与磷含量进行相关性分析。【结果】1)3种林龄针叶的碳含量从生长初期(5 6月)到生长旺盛期(7 8月)逐渐增加,生长末期(8 9月)逐渐降低,但到落叶期(10月)又小幅回升。2)3种林龄华北落叶松针叶的氮含量在整个生长季内(5 10月)均呈现先降低后升高再降低的趋势,各林龄针叶氮含量升高和降低的时间存在差异,5 a和20 a林龄的针叶N含量从6月到生长旺盛期(7月、8月)基本上保持上升趋势,而10 a林龄针叶的氮含量6 7月份先逐渐降低,7 9月份急剧升高,落叶前期到落叶(9 10月)这段时间3种林龄针叶的N含量均急剧下降为最低值。3)3种林龄针叶磷含量在整个生长季节内的变化趋势基本一致,均先降低后升高再降低最终维持稳定。4)5 a、10 a和20 a林龄的华北落叶松在生长季节内针叶的C∶N变化范围分别为21.83 56.42、18.4358.49和22.54 87.83,变异系数分别达到了37.74%、42.05%和68.42%,随着树龄的增长其变异系数逐渐增大。5)5 a、10 a、20 a林龄的华北落叶松在生长季节内针叶C∶P的变化范围分别为169.17 402.85、180.54 395.01和213.02 398.75,变异系数依次为31.35%、31.43%和22.88%。6)针叶的N∶P,5 a、10 a、20 a在生长季节内的变化范围分别为6.77 15.42、6.38 20.13和4.44 14.45,变异系数分别为39.65%、50.86%和33.03%。7)各林龄针叶的C、N、P平均含量以及各比值之间的差异均不显著(P0.05)。【结论】3种林龄的华北落叶松针叶的C∶N、C∶P均与相应的N、P含量呈显著负相关(P0.05),随着N、P含量的变化以对数方程的形式减小。同时发现,氮是秦岭地区幼、中林龄华北落叶松生长的主要限制性因子,土壤中的氮养分不足会制约林木的生长,因此对本研究区的土壤应及时补充氮肥以满足华北落叶松正常生长的营养需求。     

Evaluation on Tolerance of Montmorillonite as a Mycotoxin Adsorbent

In order to study the tolerance dose of Kunming mice to montmorillonite as a mycotoxin adsorbent in diets,the experiment selected 60 healthy male Kunming mice with initial average body weight of (17±0.12)g,randomly divided them into 5 treatments with two replicates per group and 6 mice per replicate.Five experimental diets were added to 0 (control group),0.5%,1%,2% and 5% montmorillonite,respectively.After 30 days,the growth performance,nutrients apparent digestibility,serum biochemical indices and internal organization were tested to determine the tolerance dose of montmorillonite for Kunming mice.The results showed that the ADFI was significantly increased in 0.5% group (P< 0.05),while there were no significant differences in ADFI and ADG between 1% group and control group (P> 0.05),then the ADFI was significantly decreased with the increasing of montmorillonite supplemental level (P< 0.05).The ADG in 2% group had no significant difference when compared with the control group (P> 0.05),while significantly lower than that in 0.5% and 1% groups (P< 0.05).The apparent digestibility of DM,CP and EE showed no significant effect at any level of montmorillonite (P> 0.05).Serum ALT,AST activities and MDA content were gradually increased with the montmorillonite supplemental level increasing,and that in 1%,2% and 5% groups were significantly higher than that in control group (P< 0.05),but there were no significant differences between 0.5% group and control group (P> 0.05).Tissue sections showed that mice livers were damaged in varying degrees when the montmorillonite supplemental level was 5%.In conclusion,based on a comprehensive consideration of all indexes,it could be seen that the tolerance dose of the tested montmorillonite for Kunming mice was between 0.5% and 2% when mycotoxin contents in diets were in security range.     

桑园施沼液好处多

随着各地新农村建设不断深入开展,农村旧村改造以及城镇旧城改造进一步扩大,农民人居环境得到了不断改善,从事畜禽生产的农户急剧减少,并逐渐向专业大户养殖发展。农户在种植土地上施用农家肥也越来越少,     

园林机械（以割草机为代表）用改性PP材料开发与应用

文章从PP材料的改性原理、园林机械用改性PP材料的性能要求出发,全面阐述了园林机械用改性PP材料的开发研制过程,开发出了一系列园林机械用改性PP材料并全面在ZS系列园林机械上得到了应用。     

产甲壳素酶菌株的筛选与诱变

以胶体甲壳素作为惟一碳源,从自然界微生物中筛选并诱导到一株产甲壳素酶活性较高的菌株,经16S r DNA鉴定为Aeromonas sp.。并以该菌株作为出发菌株,经过一次紫外诱变,酶活是初筛菌株的1.48倍。再经过二次紫外诱变或者紫外-Li Cl复合诱变,酶活分别是初筛菌株的3.16和3.87倍,最高酶活达到3.48 U/m L。最后通过连续传代培养,确定了菌株HMX-16经过紫外和复合诱变后突变性状稳定性良好。     

国家经济安全审计实施路径研究

国家经济安全审计是指审计机关依赖有效的审计制度对被审单位财政、财务收支和经济活动的真实性、合法性和效益性进行审计的基础上，针对经济安全的关键领域，识别、评估、预警和报告危害经济安全的风险，确保财产权益安全完整的一种审计模式。该模式奠定了审计监督在国家经济安全体系中的基础性地位。创新审计模式及审计策略、变革国家审计体制、构建以审计监督为基础的新型国家经济安全体系是国家经济安全审计的三大实施路径。     

Preparation of Adjuvant Diluent for Live Vaccine against Classical Swine Fever and Evaluation of its Immune Effects

The aim of this study was to develop a novel oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion as adjuvant diluents (AD) for live vaccine against classical swine fever (CSF) that could effectively enhance the immune effect of vaccine.The AD was prepared by high-pressure homogenization technique.Formulations and preparation parameters were optimized with response surface design.Its stability, particle size, polydispersity (PDI) and Zeta potential were characterized.The humoral immune response and cellular immune response of the AD were evaluated with BALB/c mice by intramuscular injection.The particle size of the AD prepared by optimized formulation and parameters was 100.4 nm, PDI was 0.147, and Zeta potential was —28.7 mV.The experiment results showed that the AD had good stability.The AD was inoculated combined with live vaccine against CSF into BALB/c mice by intramuscular injection.The results showed that the live vaccine against CSF specific immune responses could be evoked in mice by co-inoculation with AD and vaccine.The cellular immune response levels in co-inoculated groups were significantly higher than control group (P<0.05), with obvious phenomena of higher levels of IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-4 in serum.The result revealed that cellular immune capability significantly improved with the AD.The results strongly revealed that cellular immune capability significantly improved by introducing AD for effective immune-adjuvant for live vaccine against CSF.     

新媒体时代计算机专业就业指导课程教改探索

新媒体技术的广泛应用,对大学生尤其是计算机专业的大学生的思想行为和学习生活产生了深远的影响,在很大程度上拓展了教学空间,给计算机专业就业指导课程教学改革带来机遇。本文通过对计算机专业就业指导课程教学现状分析,把握新媒体技术带来的机遇,引入慕课教学和O2O模式教学,对新媒体时代计算机专业就业指导课程教学改革提出了可行的建议。