魁蚶血细胞分类及其免疫功能的初步分析

借助显微观察和鳗弧菌免疫刺激等手段,首次对魁蚶血细胞进行分类及免疫功能分析.魁蚶血细胞可分为3大类:红细胞、白细胞和血栓细胞,红细胞发育过程大致经历新生、成熟、衰老和死亡4个阶段.白细胞分为:嗜酸性、嗜中性、嗜碱性细胞,以及淋巴细胞和巨核细胞.嗜酸性、嗜中性、嗜碱性细胞和血栓细胞均参与血液的凝固;红细胞、白细胞均有吞噬病原菌能力,红细胞具有被动吞噬作用和免疫吸附作用,白细胞具有主动吞噬作用,嗜酸性和嗜中性细胞是吞噬病原菌的主体,嗜碱性细胞具有吞噬大颗粒异物的作用,魁蚶感染病原菌后白细胞增多并表现炎症.研究表明,魁蚶血细胞在应对外界的免疫刺激时,能作出系统免疫应答,且血细胞免疫分工明确,以抵御外界不良刺激.     

Assessment of affecting factors in measuring activating platelets with the method of flow cytometry

AIM:To investigate the affecting factors of detecting platelet activation by flow cytometry (FCM).METHODS:Using decoagulant of natrium citricum, anticoagnlated peripheral venous bloods from 6 healthy donors were labeled with the method of three-colour immunofluorescence assay.Platelet activation markers fibrinogen receptor (Fib-R, PAC-1) and P-selectin (CD62P) were measured.In the same time, the reproducibility of FCM was assessed.RESULTS:The platelet activation markers PAC-1 and CD62P at each time point showed significant difference(P<0.05).The ratio was increased with time extending.The positive ratio of PAC-1 and CD62P immediately measured (within 10 min) was 2.7% and 3.5% less than those at time point of 30 min.The results were measured several times under different activation levels.The coefficient of variation was less than 5%.CONCLUSION:In room temperature and with decoagulant of natrium citricum, if the measurements of PAC-1 and CD62P are finished within 30 min after sampling, good reproducibility should be achieved.     

Polyamines enhance chilling tolerance of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) through modulating antioxidative system

Cucumber chilling-resistant cultivar Changchun mici and -sensitive cultivar Beijing jietou were used in this study to investigate the effects of exogenous PAs on protection against chilling injury as well as on changes of physiological features, and the fluctuation of free PAs content in the leaves under chilling stress. Upon chilling treatment, free spermidine (Spd), spermine (Spm) and putrescine (Put) were remarkably induced in the leaves of cv. Changchun mici 1 day after treatment. The induction of Put declined thereafter, whereas Spd and Spm levels increased steadily. In the leaves of cv. Beijing jietou, Put content was increased only at 1 day after chilling while Spd content decreased significantly upon chilling treatment. Chilling reduced soluble protein content, and decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxidase dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) only in Beijing jietou. However, these changes could be renovated by exogenous application of Put and Spd. It was also found that pretreatment with Put and Spd diminished the increased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) content caused by chilling in the leaves of both cultivars. Pretreatment of methyglyoxal-bis-(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG), the PAs biosynthetic inhibitor cancelled the effects of PAs in most of the treatments. Moreover, histochemical staining and quantitative measurements showed that exogenous application of Put and Spd eliminated but MGBG exaggerated the hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) accumulation caused by chilling stress, especially in leaves of Beijing jietou. Interestingly, Changchun mici was found to contain higher endogenous free PAs contents compared to Beijing jietou. While no significant difference of SOD, POD and CAT activities was found between non-chilling Changchun mici and Beijing jietou seedlings, the former exhibited higher APX activity than the latter. These results suggest that PAs play important roles in the tolerance of cucumber against chilling stress, which is most likely achieved by acting as oxidative machinery against chilling injury.     

早熟南瓜新品种甘香栗的选育

甘香栗是以自交系03B811为母本,以03C417为父本配制而成的印度南瓜一代杂种。植株蔓生,生长势强;早熟,第1雌花节位 为第9～11节,从开花到果实成熟40 d（天）左右;果形扁圆,果皮深绿色带浅绿色条纹,果面光滑亮泽;果肉橙黄色,肉厚3.2 cm左右 ,肉质致密,口感甜面,粉质度高,具板栗香味,品质极佳。单果质量1.5 kg左右,每667 m²产量一般为2 000～2 500 kg,适宜春露地及 保护地栽培。     

新型保鲜剂处理茂谷柑采后的常温保藏研究

利用不同浓度的新型保鲜剂蔗糖基聚合物和施保克对采后茂谷柑进行涂膜处理后进行常温贮藏,对几项主要生理指标进行检测.结果表明:蔗糖基聚合物涂膜可以减缓Vc、可溶性固形物(TSS)、总糖和可滴定酸等营养物质的损耗,保持较高的糖酸比和固酸比,降低丙二醛(MDA)含量和淀粉酶活性.在延缓果实组织的衰老,延长贮藏寿命方面有较好的效果.施保克也有较好的保鲜效果.     

不同纸袋处理对寒富苹果果实品质发育的影响

以寒富苹果为试材,进行了3种纸袋的套袋处理,以不套袋果实为对照,研究不同纸袋处理对寒富苹果果实内在品质发育的影响.结果表明:套袋处理使果实的淀粉﹑糖﹑酸和Vc的含量降低,但处理间存在一定差异.果实采收时,对照果实的可溶性固形物﹑硬度和单果重均高于套袋处理,其中,"清田"袋果实可溶性固形物含量高于"小林"袋和"彤乐"袋."小林"袋与对照果形指数无显著差异,而与"彤乐"袋差异极显著,且"彤乐"袋和"清田"袋降低了果实的果形指数.     

有机无机肥配施及供氮水平对萝卜硝酸盐累积的影响

以萝卜为试材,分别进行了不同有机无机肥料配施及不同供氯水平对萝卜硝酸盐含量和硝酸还原酶活性(NR)的影响研究,试验结果表明,不同有机无机肥料配施下,追肥一周后随萝卜肉质根膨大硝酸盐舍量呈上升趋势,而NR活性逐渐下降.与不施肥处理相比,不同有机无机肥料配施下萝卜产品器官中硝酸盐、VC、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量显著提高,其中有机肥、化肥分别作基肥和追肥的处理("有+化")具有较低的硝酸盐含量.不同施氮水平下,追肥后随萝卜肉质根的膨大硝酸盐含量呈上升趋势,而NR活性先上升后下降.与不施肥处理相比,萝卜产品器官中硝酸盐、可溶性蛋白含量随施氮量的增加而显著升高,VC和可溶性总糖含量则在常量氮肥处理下达到最大.     

荒漠化地区露地栽培礼品西瓜品种比较试验初报

采用露地爬地栽培对10个不同礼品西瓜品种进行比较分析.试验结果表明,尼克、新小玉的单株坐果性、抗病性、中心舍糖量、种子数量等方面综合表现最佳,适合在西北荒漠化地区露地栽培.     

褐环粘盖牛肝菌人工栽培技术研究

在掌握了褐环粘盖牛肝菌生态学特性、野生增产技术、菌种分离扩繁、菌剂制作、菌根苗培育技术的基础上,开展了在旱地采用栽种褐环粘盖牛肝菌菌根苗的人工栽培试验,试验采用不同基质培育菌根苗,并对栽培出菇效果进行了比较.通过菌根苗移栽与无菌苗就地接种培育菌根苗的栽培试验,研究了催菇处理对出菇的影响,研究表明,采用栽种菌根苗取得了褐环粘盖牛肝菌人工栽培的成功,单产高达283.57 g·m-2,采用带土基质培育的菌根苗出菇效果明显优于无土基质,移栽菌根苗的出菇效果优于就地接种培育菌根苗,催菇处理的效果十分显著.     

异源精子诱导栉孔扇贝雌核发育二倍体的微管动态变化

采用紫外线遗传灭活的长牡蛎（Crassostrea gigas）精子激活栉孔扇贝（Chlamys farreri）卵子,并用6-DMAP诱导染色体加倍的方法,获得第二极体抑制型雌核发育二倍体早期胚胎。多聚甲醛固定、免疫荧光染色后,运用荧光显微镜观察栉孔扇贝正常发育卵子和异源精子诱导的雌核发育卵子,对其受精过程中微管的动态变化过程进行观察和分析。结果表明：（1）正常发育组受精卵内以微管为基础的纺锤体能够顺利地组装并引导卵细胞进行减数分裂和第一、第二极体的排放,以及雌、雄原核融合和第一次卵裂;（2）异源精子诱导雌核发育的卵子经6-DMAP处理后,部分微管变得模糊或消失,纺锤体受到破坏导致染色体的分离无法进行,第二极体的形成受到抑制并使雌核染色体二倍化;去除6-DMAP作用后,微管重新组装,雌核分裂重新启动继而进行卵裂;精核保持固浓缩状态或轻微膨胀形成雄性原核,但卵裂后期则以致密的染色质体（DCB）形式存在于分裂沟上或进入一个卵裂球中。结果证实,长牡蛎精子经紫外线遗传灭活后可顺利进入并激活栉孔扇贝成熟卵子但不参与合子核的形成,6-DMAP也可有效抑制第二极体的排放而获得雌核发育二倍体胚胎。本实验结果为研究异源精子诱导栉孔扇贝雌核发育的可行性提供了细胞学依据。