成都平原及岷江上游地区生态环境的变化

以成都市区为中心的成都平原及其毗邻的岷江上游地区,共同组成了中国西部唯一的一片“森林-水田农业生态区”,也是中国西部最发达的经济区。近50年来,这一地区生态环境发生了明显的变化,成都平原缺水,天气变得干而热,岷江上游森林植被萎缩,干旱河谷扩大,水量减少,水土流失加剧等等。在考察中发现了以下事实成都市区近60年来,降水量减少25％;地下水位由1-3m下降到10-20m;都江堰供水区年缺水量达12亿m     

日粮中添加二氢吡啶对雄性小鼠生殖激素的影响

80只6周龄的健康雄性昆明小白鼠,随机分成4组,其中对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加200mg／kg,400mg／kg,800mg／kg的二氢吡啶,以探讨二氢吡啶对雄性小鼠内分泌机能的影响。结果表明,试验组小鼠血清中的FSH、LH和T均高于对照组,并随饲喂时间的增加,与对照组的差异越明显。     

丛枝菌根真菌诱导玉米根系形态变化及其机理

以高油115和正大619为实验材料,分别通过盆栽和田间试验研究接种摩西球囊霉和地表球囊霉对玉米根系形态和根系内源生长素含量的影响。结果表明,玉米形成菌根后根系形态明显改变,根条数显著多于对照,并且接种处理与对照间的差异随菌根侵染率的上升而加大,差异极显著。生长60 d时,有菌根的玉米单株总根长度为788.61 cm,根系重量达8.26 g,均显著高于无菌根的对照。根系生长素含量随菌根侵染率上升而增加,并且显著高于不接种的对照。丛枝菌根真菌侵染可以促使玉米根内生长素含量上升,根条数增多,增加吸收面积,促进玉米生长。     

菊苣酸对围产期放牧牦牛生长性能、血清生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响

试验旨在研究菊苣酸对放牧牦牛围产期生长性能、血清生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响。选择体况良好、体重接近(195～205kg)的围产期牦牛16头,随机分为2组,每组8头,对照组饲喂精料补充料+燕麦青干草,试验组饲喂精料补充料+燕麦青干草+0.15kg/d菊苣酸。试验期60d(从产前30d到产后30d),于产前第15天、产前第7天、分娩当天、产后第7天、产后第15天采集血液,进行相应指标的测定。结果显示:在产后第15天,试验组牦牛血清尿素氮(BUN)显著低于对照组(P<0.05);在分娩当天和产后第7天,试验组牦牛血清葡萄糖(GLU)含量、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著高于对照组(P<0.05),谷草转氨酶(AST)活性显著低于对照组(P<0.05);在分娩当天,试验组牦牛血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。综合试验结果,添加菊苣酸能有效缓解围产期放牧牦牛氧化应激状态,提高其抗氧化能力。     

四川部分区域鸽源沙门菌耐药表型及耐药基因检测

为了解四川省成都市及周边区域鸽源沙门菌的耐药表型及耐药基因携带情况,通过常规细菌分离鉴定并结合PCR方法,获得42株鸽源沙门菌,采用K-B纸片法,选取20种抗生素,对42株鸽源沙门菌进行药敏试验,并结合PCR方法对其耐药基因携带情况进行检测。结果显示:受检菌对链霉素、四环素、多西环素耐药率为88. 1%;对阿莫西林耐药率为83. 3%;对头孢拉定、氨苄西林、萘啶酸的耐药率为81. 0%。42株沙门菌皆有不同程度的多重耐药性,其中33株同时耐4种以上抗生素,占检测菌株的78. 6%(33/42),主要的耐药谱为CTX-CRO-FLO-CPIOFL-AKN。42株沙门菌喹诺酮类耐药基因aac (6')-Ib-cr检出率最高,为88. 09%(37/32);氨基糖苷类耐药基因aadA1、aph (3)Ⅱ、aac(3)Ⅱ检出率分别为80. 95%(34/42)、76. 19%(32/42)、16. 67%(7/42);β-内酰胺类耐药基因blaTEM-1、bla CMY-2检出率分别为42. 86%(18/42)、19. 04%(8/42);四环素类耐药基因tet M、tet A、tet B检出率分别为40. 4%(17/42)、38. 09%(16/42)、9. 52%(4/42);磺胺类耐药基因sul2检出率为80. 95%(34/42);喹诺酮类耐药基因qnrA检出率为38. 09%(16/42)。结果表明:四川省成都市及周边区域鸽源沙门菌存在普遍耐药,且多重耐药较为严重,耐药基因携带率高。     

RT-PCR技术检测猪瘟病毒的应用研究

本试验应用反转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)对猪瘟进行诊断应用研究.应用RT-PCR对来自广西不同地区的135份疑似猪瘟病料进行检测,84份诊断为阳性,阳性率62.2%.从百色、柳州地区等采集的健康猪扁桃体和淋巴结共276份,经RT-PCR检测,37份为阳性,阳性率为13.4%.其中健康猪扁桃体带毒较高,246份扁桃体中有35份阳性,占14.2%.采自柳州健康猪的26份淋巴结材料全为阴性,只有邕宁县的1份健猪淋巴结阳性.结果表明,RT-PCR技术可应用于猪瘟的临床诊断.     

猪带绦虫TSOL18特异性单克隆抗体的制备及其体外杀虫作用的研究

本研究目的在于制备抗猪带绦虫TSOL18单克隆抗体,并分析单抗对六钩蚴的杀伤作用。采用SephadexG-100纯化在毕赤酵母中表达的猪带绦虫六钩蚴TSOL18蛋白;纯化的蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,运用杂交瘤技术建立能分泌抗TSOL18单克隆抗体的细胞株;通过ELISA叠加试验进行mAb的抗原表位分析;采用间接ELISA法测定TSOL18单克隆抗体特异性及腹水效价;采用抗TSOL18单克隆抗体对激活的猪带绦虫六钩蚴进行体外六钩蚴杀伤试验,观察单抗对猪带绦虫六钩蚴活力的影响。结果成功获得12株稳定分泌抗TSOL18单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,识别2个不同抗原表位,不同抗原表位的2株单克隆抗体腹水效价分别为1×102、1×106。抗体体外六钩蚴杀伤试验结果证明,在有补体的情况下,多抗和单抗作用6 d后,六钩蚴结构模糊,边缘不清晰。表明单抗对六钩蚴有一定的杀伤作用。     

兰州大尾羊肾动脉血管分布铸型研究

为了研究兰州大尾羊肾脏血管的分布情况,试验利用ABS塑胶液的冷塑性,用红色的塑胶液灌注于羊肾动脉,定型后,经过浓度为30%的盐酸腐蚀、自来水冲洗及人工修整等过程,制作羊肾脏铸型标本。结果表明:兰州大尾羊肾动脉入肾门后在肾实质内相继分支形成叶间动脉,在肾脏的皮质与髓质交界处延续为弓形动脉,由弓行动脉发出与肾表面近似垂直的小叶间动脉,小叶间动脉发出球小动脉和直小动脉;直小动脉可由弓行动脉、小叶间动脉和出球小动脉发出,伸向肾髓质。     

Study on Nutritional Characteristics of Cottonseed Hull as a Feed of Sheep

In this paper through digestive and metabolic experiments studied the voluntary intake and apparent digestibility of cottonseed hulls (kernel-contained CH,kernel-free CH) and cornstalk on sheep to evaluate the nutrition value and digestion characteristics of cottonseed hulls.12 of adult Xinjiang merino rams were selected and divided into two groups (n=6 each group),and on the basis of 300 g/(head·day) of mixed concentrate,fed with kernel-free CH by 400 (group 1) or 800 (group 2) g/(head·day) respectively,to estimate the digestibility of CH by difference method;As well,another 18 of adult Xinjiang merino rams were selected and divided into three groups (n=6 each group),and on the basis of 300 g/(head·day) of mixed concentrate,cafeteria feeding with kernel-contained CH (group 3),kernel-free CH (group 4) or ground cornstalks (group 5) respectively,to study the effects of three diets on the voluntary intake,digestion and metabolism of sheep.The results showed that the apparent digestibility of the DM,OM,CP,cellulose,hemicellulose and energy of kernel-free CH by sheep were 46.71%,47.37%,-53.40%,66.60%,62.48% and 42.59%,respectively.There were no significant differences in the intake of DM,OM,cellulose,hemicellulose,energy and Ca between kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P> 0.05);Intake of CP and P in kernel-contained CH group were extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01);Intake of lignin in kernel-contained CH group was extremely significantly lower than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01).There were no significant differences in the apparent digestibility of DM,OM and energy between kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P> 0.05).The apparent digestibility of cellulose and hemicellulose in kernel-free CH group were significantly and extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-contained CH group (P< 0.05;P< 0.01),respectively.The apparent digestibility of CP in kernel-contained CH group was extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01).The apparent digestibility of DM,OM,CP,cellulose and energy in ground cornstalks group were extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P< 0.01),however,the apparent digestibility of Ca and P were lower than that in kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P> 0.05).Intake and retention of nitrogen in kernel-contained CH group were extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01);The was no significant difference in the retention of nitrogen between kernel-free diet group and cornstalk diet group (P> 0.05).It was concluded that CH was a kind of special forage with larger intake,higher digestibility on the fiber substances and energy,but with a serious obstruction on protein digestion;The nutritional value between kernel-free diet and cornstalk diet was almost equal,and with lower nitrogen digestibility on kernel-free diet.     

绵羊PRLR基因内含子9和外显子10多态性与产羔数的关系研究

本研究采用PCR-SSCP技术对绵羊催乳素受体(PRLR)基因内含子9和外显子10部分核苷酸多态性及其与小尾寒羊、中国美利奴(新疆型)绵羊多胎品系、肉用品系、体大品系、萨福克、无角陶赛特、中国美利奴(新疆型)和德国肉用美利奴产羔数间的关系进行了分析。结果发现:①在绵羊PRLR基因内含子9的第259 bp处,存在C→T转换,BB基因型的小尾寒羊平均产羔数分别较AA和AB基因型提高0.81和0.87只(P0.05);②在绵羊PRLR基因外显子10的第304 bp处存在一个G→A转换,该突变导致PRLR基因第387位氨基酸残基由Glu突变为Lys,并使中国美利奴(新疆型)多胎品系中AB基因型的平均产羔数较AA和BB基因型增加0.58和0.80只(P0.05);③在绵羊PRLR基因外显子10第571、585和606bp处分别存在G→A、C→G和C→T突变;其中前2处突变分别导致PRLR基因的第476位氨基酸由Ala突变为Thr,第480位氨基酸由Ser突变为Arg。其中第571 bp处突变导致小尾寒羊AB基因型的平均窝产羔数显著高于AA基因型的窝产羔数,增加0.8只(P0.05)。以上结果提示,PRLR基因可能是控制小尾寒羊和中国美利奴(新疆型)绵羊多胎品系产羔数的主效基因或与之存在紧密的遗传连锁。