基于土壤水分梯度鉴定法的栽培稻抗旱标识品种筛选

利用土壤水分梯度鉴定法,对20份在田间表现不同抗旱性的栽培稻进行了抗旱性研究。结果表明,干旱处理24 d后,正常和干旱处理的土壤含水量分别为42.0%和7.9%,在同一田块实现正常供水和干旱处理,可鉴定栽培稻的抗旱性。以抗旱指数为指标,把20份栽培稻划分为高抗、抗、中抗、中感、感5个抗旱级别。根据抗旱指数和综合农艺性状,筛选出了IR55459-05(高抗)、MARAVILHA(抗)、MONOLAYA(中抗)、IR30358-084-1-1(中感)和IR7790-18-1-2(感)5个抗旱级别的标识品种。这一套栽培稻抗旱鉴定流程和标识品种,为水稻节水抗旱研究提供了参考。     

产量和株型性状良好的抗晚斑病花生新种质创制

花生晚斑病抗性常与不良的产量和株型性状相连锁,为发现更多综合性状优良的抗晚斑病品种,以感病亲本中花5号和抗病亲本ICGV 86699及其杂交构建的重组自交系群体（recombined inbreed lines, RIL）为材料,进行晚斑病抗性、产量和株型相关性状的调查,以筛选综合性状优良的抗病新种质。结果表明,4个环境下共发现18个稳定高抗和26个稳定中抗晚斑病的家系;在两个环境中对百果重和单株结果数进行考察,筛选出38个百果重（≥180.0 g）和单株果数（≥20.0个）都比较大的家系;同样,在两个环境中筛选出主茎高（30～60 cm）和总分枝数（≤20.0个）适中的家系54个。综合分析晚斑病病害等级、产量和株型相关性状,共鉴定出4份产量和株型相关性状优良的抗晚斑病新种质,其中1份高抗晚斑病,3份为中抗晚斑病。该研究结果为培育综合性状优良的抗晚斑病花生品种奠定了理论和材料基础。     

Locomotion Score and Its Impacts on Production Performance and Blood Routine Indexes in Chinese Holstein

To investigate the influencing factors of locomotion score (LS) and its impacts on production performance and blood routine index in Holstein,body condition score (BCS),LS and DHI (dairy herd improvement) of 1 486 lactating cows from two dairy farms,and the blood routine indexes of 101 lactating cows from one farm in Beijing were measured.The fixed model was used to analyze the impacts of herd,parity and lactation stage on LS,and the impacts of LS and BCS on daily milk yield,somatic cell score,milk composition and blood routine indexes in dairy cows.The results showed that both parity and lactation stage had significant impacts on LS.The LS increased with the increase of parit,the LS increased by 0.71 from first lactation to fifth and above lactation.The LS of cow in lactation stage Ⅲ(100-199 d) and Ⅵ (after 350 d) were significantly higher than cow in stage Ⅱ (45-99 d)(P<0.05),and both were higher than 2.The LS had no significant impacts on daily milk yield,milk composition and somatic cell score (P>0.05).However,the milk yield of the cow with LS≥4 was the lowest,and a decrease of 2.29 kg was found compared with the cow with LS=1.Among the various blood routine indexes,LS had significant impacts on red blood cell count,hemoglobin content,mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and lymphocyte count (P<0.05),and had no significant impacts on white blood cell count (P>0.05).With the increase of LS,the red blood cell count,hemoglobin content,mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and lymphocyte count of cows decreased with different extents.There were some problems on the body immunity and hematopoiesis of cows with poor LS.In dairy farm,regular evaluation of LS could be used to find the management problems of feet and legs,which had a great significance to reduce the loss of production performance and early culling caused by hoof disease.     

基于增苗减氮技术构建晚籼稻高产氮高效群体

[目的]增施氮肥是实现水稻高产最为重要的措施之一,但过量施用氮肥会降低氮肥吸收利用率并造成氮素面源污染.合理的每穴苗数通过调节稻田基本苗数构建高产群体起点,但通过增加每穴苗数降低施氮量能否同步实现水稻高产及氮素高效利用目前还不清楚.旨在探索每穴苗数及氮肥用量对构建晚籼稻高产氮高效群体的协同调控效果.[方法]于2017—2018年,选用五优308及天优华占为晚籼稻材料,设CK(每穴2苗和N 180 kg/hm2)、T1(每穴3苗和N 144 kg/hm2)及T2(每穴4苗和N 126 kg/hm2)等3个处理,测定了水稻干物质生产、叶面积指数、产量及氮素吸收利用.[结果]随着增苗减氮调控程度增加,两品种产量均先增后降.与CK处理相比,五优308及天优华占品种T1处理产量分别增加0.36％～0.38％及8.73％～10.01％,其中天优华占T1处理与CK处理产量间差异达显著水平;天优华占T2处理产量增加0.95％～1.72％,而五优308品种T2处理产量却显著降低7.46％～7.96％.增苗减氮促进晚籼稻有效穗数增加,每穗粒数降低,结实率先增后降,千粒质量无显著变化.两品种抽穗期及成熟期的叶面积指数及幼穗分化期至成熟期的光合势均先增后降,五优308作物生长速率、总干物质量降低,而天优华占作物生长速率、总干物质量却均先增后降.总吸氮量降低,氮素偏生产力增加、氮素吸收利用率、生理利用率及农学利用率均先增后降.[结论]T1处理可同步协调"增苗"与"减氮"二者关系,可有效构建晚籼稻高产氮高效群体,但具体调控效果因品种而异.     

不同农事操作对转基因棉田生物群落和多样性的影响

 研究了转基因棉田防除杂草、整枝打顶、喷施缩节胺、设置黄板等农事操作对棉田生物多样性的影响。结果表明：与防除杂草、整枝打顶、设置黄板转基因棉田相比,不防除杂草、不整枝打顶、不设置黄板棉田生物多样性指数、均匀性指数上升,优势集中性降低,个体数增加（设置黄板棉田降低）,物种数、害虫种类和天敌种类增加;与喷施缩节胺棉田相比,不喷施缩节胺棉田生物多样性指数、均匀性指数下降,优势集中性升高,个体数增加,物种数、害虫种类减少,天敌种类数相同。     

北美白云杉引种育苗试验初报

本文对引进的10个种源北美白云杉、3个种源的内陆红皮云杉3个年龄段苗木生长状况进行了分析，结果表明：各种源的苗木高生长差异显著，自云杉种源间、红皮云杉种源间及各种源之间3a生苗木地径生长差异达极显著水平；白云杉3a生苗高和地径生长表现最佳的种源是3^#、9^#和7^#，红皮云杉种源为CK2的地径及苗高生长量最大，其次是CK3和CK1，而且白云杉3^#种源苗高生长略超过红皮云杉CK3。     

交通运输专业实践教学管理与改革研究

从交通运输专业实践教学体系的结构与作用出发,分析我校交通运输专业实践教学的现状及存在的问题,对交通运输专业实践教学内容和管理进行研究：从优化实践教学内容、完善实践教学体系、加强实践教学管理等方面,探讨交通运输专业实践教学管理与改革的具体任务及措施,为提高交通运输专业实践教学质量和取得较好的教学效果提供保障。     

不同Mg肥种类对烤烟产量、质量、产值的影响

 不同种类的Mg肥对烤烟产量、外观质量影响不显著。但是仍有一定的增产、增值效果。磷酸铵镁对增加烟叶含Mg率、改善吸食品质有较好效果,其次是硫酸镁和氯化镁,蛇纹石肥效缓慢。不施用Mg肥烟叶产、质量都是最差的。     

Physiological but not morphological adjustments along latitudinal gradients in a human commensal species,the Eurasian tree sparrow

Human commensal species take advantage of anthropogenic conditions that are less likely to be challenged by the selective pressures of natural environments. Their morphological and physiological phenotypes can therefore dissociate from habitat characteristics. Understanding how these species adjust their morphological and physiological traits across latitudinal gradients is fundamental to uncovering the eco-physiological strategies underlying coping mechanisms. Here, we studied morphological traits in breeding Eurasian tree sparrows (ETSs; Passer montanus) among low-latitude (Yunnan and Hunan) and middle-latitude (Hebei) localities in China. We then compared body mass; lengths of bill, tarsometatarsus, wing, total body, and tail feather; and baseline and capture stress-induced levels of plasma corticosterone (CORT) and the metabolites including glucose (Glu), total triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), total protein, and uric acid (UA). None of the measured morphological parameters varied with latitude except in the Hunan population, which demonstrated longer bills than those in other populations. Stress-induced CORT levels significantly exceeded baseline levels and decreased with increasing latitude, but total integrated CORT levels did not vary with latitude. Capture stress-induced significantly increased Glu levels and decreased TG levels, independent of site. However, the Hunan population had significantly higher baseline CORT, baseline and stress-induced FFA levels, but lower UA levels, which differed from other populations. Our results suggest that rather than morphological adjustments, physiological adjustments are mainly involved in coping mechanisms for middle-latitude adaptation in ETSs. It is worth investigating whether other avian species also exhibit such dissociation from external morphological designs while depending on physiological adjustments.     

全蚕粉复合物降血糖及降血脂效果的比较

通过动物试验和糖尿病患者服用试验,比较了全蚕粉复合物(SPC)与全蚕粉(SP)的降血糖和降血脂效果。动物试验表明,SPC的降血糖效果优于SP和拜糖平,并能显著提高糖尿病小鼠的C肽水平,降低小鼠血浆总胆固醇水平。糖尿病患者服用SPC后,不仅能降低空腹血糖和餐后血糖,而且能降低糖化血红蛋白水平,未发现低血糖及其它不良反应。