抗菌肽饲料添加剂对小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响

对试验小鼠饲喂1‰和3‰抗菌肽饲料添加剂,鸡红细胞吞噬试验检测小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能,研究抗菌肽饲料添加剂对小鼠免疫功能的影响.结果表明,抗菌肽饲料添加剂可以显著提高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的吞噬率和吞噬指数,增强小鼠非特异性免疫功能.     

Characterization of culture supernatant proteins from Brucella abortus and its protection effects against murine brucellosis

In this study, we characterized the secreted proteins of Brucella abortus into the enriched media under the bacterial laboratory growth condition and investigated the pathogenic importance of culture supernatant (CS) proteins to B. abortus infection. CS proteins from stationary phase were concentrated and analyzed using 2D electrophoresis. In MALDI TOF/TOF analysis, more than 27 proteins including CuZn SOD, Dps, Tat, OMPs, Adh, LivF, Tuf, SucC, GroEL and DnaK were identified. Cytotoxic effects of CS proteins were found to increase in a dose-dependent manner in RAW 264.7 cells. Upon B. abortus challenge into phagocytes, however, CS proteins pre-treated cells exhibited lower bacterial uptake and intracellular replication compared to untreated cells. Immunization with CS proteins induced a strong humoral and cell mediated immune responses and exhibited significant higher degree of protection against virulence of B. abortus infection compared to mice immunized with Brucella broth protein (BBP). Taken together, these results indicate that B. abortus secreted a number of soluble immunogenic proteins under laboratory culture condition, which can promote antibody production resulted in enhancing host defense against to subsequently bacterial infection. Moreover, further analysis of CS proteins may help to understand the pathogenic mechanism of B. abortus infection and host–pathogen interaction.     

华亭县肉牛养殖业发展现状及对策建议

华亭县自古以来就是黄牛的主产区之一,又是秦川牛、早胜牛的边缘产区,养牛已成了当地农户发展致富的主导产业。本文在调查研究的基础上,对华亭县肉牛养殖业发展中存在的问题进行了综合分析,基础母牛保护力度不大、资金短缺、技术匮乏、基础设施落后,产业加工链短是制约华亭县肉牛养殖业发展壮大的主要瓶颈,针对以上问题,提出了一些可行的对策建议,以促进该县进一步加快肉牛改良、扩繁和规模化发展,降低养殖户养殖成本,提高经济效益。     

基于体外细胞模型的霉菌毒素毒性评价

霉菌毒素是由多种真菌产生的次级代谢产物,广泛存在于食品和饲料中。霉菌毒素污染的粮食和饲料会给畜牧业生产和畜产品质量安全带来极大隐患。研究霉菌毒素致毒机理,为今后研究其对动物及人的影响开展更深入更全面的研究提供理论依据。细胞模型作为一种常用的体外试验方法广泛用于毒理学研究中。本文简述了黄曲霉毒素B_1(AFB_1)、赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)和展青霉素(PAT)的一般特性,并综述了利用细胞模型进行AFB_1、OTA、DON、ZEA和PAT毒性、联合毒性及致毒机理研究的进展。     

Survey and Analysis of Common Diseases of Laboratory Monkeys in Kunming Area

Survey and analysis of common diseases of laboratory monkeys are great significance to understand disease epidemiology, and formulate a set of scientific and reasonable measures for prevention and control disease, to improve the quantity and quality of laboratory monkeys, to ensure the accuracy of the animal experiment results. Through the investigation of the sick and dead animals of a large-scale laboratory monkeys breeding facility in Kunming area in 2014, the animals were classified depends on the main diseases, and the diseases were classified according to adult and juvenile animals, data were analyzed by Excel Office 2010 software. The results showed the common diseases of laboratory monkeys included the digestive system, respiratory system, trauma, reproductive system, and locomotor system disease, which were 47.45%, 13.06%, 12.10%, 11.46% and 8.92% separately; Common diseases included diarrhoea, soft tissue injuries, abortion, lobar pneumonia, dysentery, arthritis, intestinal pneumatosis, chronic colitis, and extreme bad nutrition, the ratio were 18.47%, 11.15%, 8.91%, 8.28%, 8.28%, 7.96%, 5.10%, 5.10% and 5.09% separately. Comprehensive analysis of common diseases and disease occurrence causes of the laboratory monkeys, suggesting that providing better quality laboratory monkeys for scientific research only by constantly improving the scientific breeding management level, constantly strengthening veterinary capacity, mastering the theoretical knowledge and scientific diagnosis method.     

基质对黑果腺肋花楸幼苗生长的影响

以黑果腺肋花楸(Aronia melanocarpa)为试验材料,选用田园土、泥炭土、珍珠岩和黄沙,采用正交试验设计,研究不同基质配比对黑果腺肋花楸成苗率以及幼苗形态指标和生理指标的影响。结果表明,不同育苗基质对黑果腺肋花楸出苗率、苗高、地径、主根长、侧根数和高径比等形态指标以及根系活力、可溶性糖、淀粉和蛋白质等生理指标的影响差异显著,综合分析各项指标,筛选出适合黑果腺肋花楸容器育苗的栽培基质为田园土(40%)+泥炭土(30%)+黄沙(30%)、田园土(40%)+珍珠岩(30%)+黄沙(30%)、田园土(40%)+泥炭土(30%)+珍珠岩(30%)和田园土(60%)+泥炭土(20%)+黄沙(20%)。     

芩花口服液抗鸡新城疫病毒体外研究

为研发抗新城疫病毒(NDV)新药,将黄芩、金银花、前胡、甘草等中药制成的芩花口服液稀释至安全范围浓度,在鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)培养系统中进行抗NDV感染试验.用MTT法测定NDV感染CEF能力的变化.结果显示:先加芩花口服液后接种NDV、先接种NDV后加芩花口服液、芩花口服液和NDV同时加入,芩花口服液浓度为0.0625、0.125、0.25、0.50、1.0、2.0 mg/mL时均有显著抗NDV感染CEF作用.此试验初步为寻求抗NDV药物提供一条新途径.     

饲粮策略对不同遗传品系二郎山山地鸡生产性能和屠宰性能的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮策略对不同遗传品系和性别的二郎山山地鸡生产性能和屠宰性能的影响。试验采用4×2×2因子设计,4个二郎山山地鸡遗传品系[SD02、SD03、SD03×SD02(SD0302)、SD02×SD03(SD0203)]、2个饲粮策略[1~28 d、29~49 d、50~67 d的赖氨酸水平分别为1.15%~1.00%~0.85%(高赖氨酸)、1.00%~0.85%~0.70%(低赖氨酸)]、公母2个性别。每个处理公母各4个重复,每个重复30只鸡,共计1 920只。试验考察了山地鸡各阶段的生产性能、28 d血清生化指标及67 d屠宰性能。结果表明:饲粮策略对各阶段二郎山山地鸡采食量无显著影响(P>0.05),高赖氨酸饲粮显著提高了山地鸡1~67 d死淘率(P<0.05),极显著提高了山地鸡67 d体重、1~67 d体增重(P<0.01),显著降低了1~49 d(P<0.05)和1~67 d料重比(P<0.01),但对山地鸡屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、左胸肌率、左腿肌率无显著影响(P>0.05),对67 d胸肌肉色及屠宰后45 min pH也无显著影响(P>0.05)。品系SD02的28、67 d体重和1~28 d、1~49 d和1~67 d体增重在各品系中均最高,且遗传品系均极显著影响以上指标(P<0.01);品系SD0302的49 d体重最高,品系SD02次之,均极显著高于品系SD0203(P<0.01);品系SD0302和SD02的1~28 d采食量显著高于其他2个品系(P<0.05);品系SD02的屠宰率、腹脂率均显著低于另外3个品系(P<0.05)。饲粮策略、性别和遗传品系之间在山地鸡67 d体重、1~67 d体增重上表现了极显著的交互效应(P<0.01)。综上所述,高赖氨酸饲粮策略可显著改善二郎山山地鸡67 d体重、1~67 d体增重、1~49 d和1~67 d料重比;对生产性能和屠宰性能综合评估可知,4个遗传品系优劣顺序为:品系SD0302、SD02>品系SD03>品系SD0203;各遗传品系公鸡的生产性能均优于母鸡;饲粮策略、性别和遗传品系之间在体增重上表现了显著的互作效应,应区别饲养。     

潜伏期马立克氏病病鸡血清型病毒L-meq、meq基因的比较及遗传分析

从潜伏期感染马立克氏病病毒(MDV)鸡淋巴组织中提取基因组DNA,采用梯度PCR的方法获得MDV的L-meq、meq基因,将其插入pMD18-T克隆载体,经测序并进行了序列分析。结果表明,L-meq、meq基因同源性很高,L-meq中只有180bp与meq不同。但是采用同样的方法在发病期病鸡淋巴组织中却只能获得MDV的meq基因。为了进一步研究发病期L-meq基因消失的原因,试验对L-meq、meq基因的氨基酸序列的结构域进行了分析。结果表明,L-meq基因中含有9个PRR(proline-rich-reapts)区域,meq中含有6个PRR区域,从而推断PRR区域可能与基因的转录激活及调控病毒DNA复制的功能有关,该180bp插入序列也许能解释初期感染MDV不致瘤的原因,同时也意味着L-meq基因对于潜伏期的维持是必要的。     

论中国的肉牛育种问题

中国是世界养牛大国，也是第三大牛肉生产国，然而还未有自己培训的专门化肉牛品种。肉牛育种问题十分迫切。中国的肉牛育种有良好的黄牛选育基础，特别是母牛基础较好。着重肉用性能选育、瞄准国际先进水平是由役用黄牛培育专门化肉牛的基本技术路线。按肉用指数（BPI）衡量，目前较多黄牛品种还处于“役肉兼用”阶段，个别是黄牛品种（母牛）可达到“肉役兼用”水平。“本品种选育、适量导血”可能是培育我国特色专门化肉牛新品种的较快而稳妥的途径。育种核心目标可以包括保留黄牛若干特征性状，但关键指标是使其BPI达到一定水平；公牛5．6，母牛4．0，以参于国际竞争，并支撑我国肉牛产业持续、健康发展。培育条件是选育肉牛新品种的极大限制因素，应大力加强。