Two-dimension Opto-electronic Test Method to Determine the Cancellous Bone Porosity

A two dimension opto electronic test method has been developed to determine the distribution characteristics of cancellous bone porosity. The fresh pig tibiae concellous bone in behind leg was sectioned. A total of 36 cancellous bone sections were divided two groups. The first group consisted of 18 transversal sections along the axial direction, and the second group consisted of 18 axial sections along the transversal direction of the tibiae. Their images were examined microscopically and processed quantitatively. The total area, solid matrix area and pore area of each specimen and its porosity were determined, too. The cancellous bone porosity is gradually decreased along the axial direction of tibiae and approaching to the compact bone, but almost constant along the transversal direction. Cancellous bone is modeled as a transversely isotropic, liquid saturated porous solid. The two dimension opto electronic test method can be used to relatively accurately determine the distribution characteristics of the cancellous bone porosity from different directions if the cancellous bone sections are enough.     

温室葡萄一年两熟果实品质差异研究

北方葡萄一年两熟技术是将促早栽培技术与延迟栽培技术有机结合的综合栽培方式,实现了葡萄第一熟在5—7月,第二熟在元旦、春节期间。通过对‘京香玉’‘瑞都科美’的物候期、果实性状与经济效益的调查分析认为,这两个品种适宜在温室内进行一年两熟栽培,但不同品种间在物候期、果实性状与产量方面差异较大,造成这种差异主要与光照和温度的变化有关。     

Effect of hypothalamic PVN exogenous orexin-A on food intake in obese rats and regulation by NPY receptor signaling pathway

AIM:To investigate whether neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptor signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of orexin-A on food intake and glucose-sensitive (GS) neuronal excitability in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of diet-induced obese (DIO) rats. METHODS:Fluorescence immunohistochemistry experiment was used to observe the expression of orexin-A receptor (orexin receptor 1, OX1R) and NPY receptor Y5 (NPY-5R) in the PVN. The effect of orexin-A on the excitability of GS neurons in PVN was observed by single cell discharge recording. The cannula was implanted into the PVN of SD rats and DIO rats. The orexin-A, OX1R antagonist SB-334867 and NPY-5R antagonist CGP-71683 were injected through the cannula to observe the 0~2 h and 0~4 h food intake of the rats. RESULTS:The expression of OX1R and NPY-5R in the PVN of DIO rats was significantly higher than that in the SD rats. Orexin-A inhibited glucose-inhibited (GI) neurons and excited glucose-excited (GE) neurons in the PVN. However, the effects of orexin-A on GS neurons were partially blocked by the NPY-5R antagonist CGP-71683. Compared with the SD rats, orexin-A had more pronounced excitatory and inhibitory effects on PVN GS neurons in the DIO rats. Injection of orexin-A in the PVN increased food intake in the SD rats and DIO rats. However, the orexin-A-induced feeding was partially blocked by the NPY-5R antagonist CGP-71683. The effect of orexin-A on feeding was stronger in the DIO rats than that in the SD rats. CONCLUSION:The hypothalamic PVN orexin-A regulates food intake and GS neuronal excitability mainly through the OX1R signaling pathway, and NPY-5R signaling is also involved in this process, in which the regulatory effect on DIO rats is more sensitive.     

日光温室内黄瓜群体结构参数分析

日光温室由于其特殊的光环境,黄瓜群体结构也具一定的特殊性,试验观测了日光温室内南北部的光环境及黄瓜不同生育时期的群体结构参数.结果表明:日光温室内南部的辐射强度明显高于北部,黄瓜的叶倾角、叶方位角、叶面积指数、叶面积密度等黄瓜群体结构因素在不同时期有明显的变化.植株南面叶片的叶倾角大于植株北面叶片的叶倾角.在整个生育期黄瓜以30°～40°叶倾角的叶片为分布主体.植株南面方位角分布频率也高于植株北面的方位角分布频率.叶面积指数和叶面积密度在生育前期上升,后期下降,这些变化与差异对黄瓜群体内的辐射分布有重要影响,所以此结果为探讨日光温室内的黄瓜群体结构与群体内辐射分布的关系和建立群体内辐射分布的数学模型奠定了基础.     

菠萝AcSERK1 启动子的转录起始位点及胚性细#br# 胞特异性鉴定

 AcSERK1 是菠萝（Ananas comosus）体细胞胚发生初期特异表达的基因,为探讨其转录调控 规律,对其5′上游调控序列的转录起始位点及启动特性进行了鉴定。采用hiTAIL-PCR 技术从菠萝基因组 DNA 中克隆了AcSERK1 完整的5′上游调控序列,利用5′RACE 技术鉴定出其转录起始位点位于起始密码 子（ATG）上游258 nt（G）处。以AcSERK1 5′上游完整调控序列取代pBI121 中的CaMV 35S 启动子,构 建植物表达载体AcSERK1（–2 090/+258）︰︰GUS,并在菠萝不同组织器官中进行瞬时转化分析,发现AcSERK1 5′上游完整的调控序列（–2 090/+258）能够启动GUS 在胚性细胞中特异性表达,与AcSERK1 表达规律相 同,说明该启动子为胚性细胞特异性启动子,对调控外源基因在体细胞胚早期特异表达有重要意义。     

Effect of livin-modified BM-MSCs transplantation on cardiac function following acute myocardial infarction in a rat model

AIM: To study the effect of livin gene-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BM-MSCs) transplantation on the cardiac function following acute myocardial infarction in a rat model and the expression of livin, caspase-3, caspase-7 and caspase-9 in the livin gene-modified BM-MSCs. METHODS: The MSCs were obtained by the whole bone marrow culture method, and the apoptosis of the MSCs after infection with adenovirus vector carrying enhanced green fluorescent protein(EGFP) gene and livin recombinant vector(rAd-livin) were detected by flow cytometry. The expression of livin, caspase-3, caspase-7 and caspase-9 was detected by Western blot. After permanent left anterior descending artery occlusion, the rats were randomized to receive intramyocardial injection of DMEM without cells(vehicle group), or containing MSCs(MSCs group), MSCs(EGFP)(rAd-control/MSCs group) or MSCs(livin)(rAd-livin/MSCs group). Left ventricular systolic pressure(LVSP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure(LVEDP), the maximum increased rate of left ventricular pressure(-dp/dt_max) and the maximum decline rate of left ventricular pressure(+dp/dt_max) were recorded for evaluating the cardiac functions. RESULTS: The apoptosis of rAd-livin/MSCs was significantly decreased as compared with MSCs and rAd-control/MSCs(P<0.05). Meanwhile, the expression of caspase-3, caspase-7 and caspase-9 was significantly downregulated as compared with the other 2 groups(P<0.05). The cardiac function in rAd-livin/MSCs group was significantly improved as compared with DMEM group, and those in the other 2 groups got the similar results, but the function in rAd-livin/MSCs group was better improved. Meanwhile, the number of surviving cells in rAd-livin/MSCs group was significantly improved as compared with the other 2 groups. CONCLUSION: The apoptosis of MSCs is decreased after rAd-livin transfection, and the expression of caspase-3, caspase-7 and caspase-9 is also significantly downregulated while the expression of livin is significantly upregulated. Transplantation of livin-modified BM-MSCs by lentiviral vector results in better prognosis for treating myocardial infarction by enhancing cell survival.     

Activation of Rip1 promotes necroptosis in LNCaP-AI cells via inhibiting SHARPIN

AIM: To explore the role of SHARPIN in regulation of Rip1 in castration-resistant prostate cancer LNCaP-AI cells. METHODS: The LNCaP-AI cells were treated with TNF-α+Z-VAD(an inhibitor of pan-caspase) to activate necroptosis, which were compared to the cells treated with TNF-α+Z-VAD+Nec-1(an inhibitor of Rip1). A blank group and a TNF-α-treated group were set up as controls. The cell viability in each group was measured by MTS assay. In addition, SHARPIN was knocked down by siRNA, and the inhibitory efficiency was evaluated by RT-qPCR. The expression of Rip1 at mRNA and protein levels after knocking down SHARPIN was determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot to explore the underlying mechanism of regulatory network of necroptosis in prostate cancer. RESULTS: Compared with blank control group and TNF-α-treated group, the viability of LNCaP-AI cells treated with TNF-α+Z-VAD decreased by 28%(P<0.05). After treated with TNF-α+Z-VAD+Nec-1, the LNCaP-AI cells showed no significant difference in the viability compared with blank control and TNF-α-treated groups. Taken together, necroptosis may be an important way of cell death in LNCaP-AI cells. Besides, the expression of Rip1 at protein level was up-regulated following the inhibition of SHARPIN using siRNA, indicating that down-regulation of SHARPIN enhanced necroptosis via activating Rip1 in LNCaP-AI cells. CONCLUSION: Necroptosis is an important way of cell death.Inhibition of oncogenic factor SHARPIN enhances necroptosis via activating Rip1 in LNCaP-AI cells.     

甜瓜种质资源苗期对枯萎病和白粉病的抗性评价

采用单一接种法和复合接种法对从国内外搜集的126份甜瓜种质资源进行苗期枯萎病和白粉病抗性鉴定。结果表明:单一接种条件下,枯萎病抗性评价结果为高抗种质7份,抗病种质42份,中抗种质61份,感病种质15份,高感种质1份;白粉病抗性评价结果为高抗种质9份,抗病种质42份,中抗种质72份,感病种质3份。复合接种条件下,筛选出甜瓜双抗种质1份,种质名称为PI164331,引自印度。通过两种接种方法相关性分析可知,复合接种鉴定结果与单一接种鉴定结果呈显著性正相关。     

桑叶的营养价值及其在畜禽生产中的应用研究进展

桑叶含粗蛋白质、维生素(维生素A、维生素C)、微量元素(铁、锰、铜、锌)等营养组分及黄酮类等多种活性成分,是理想的动物蛋白质资源。研究发现,在猪生产中,添加15%桑叶可能会影响育肥猪的生长,但添加适量的桑叶(6%左右)可延缓宰后肌肉pH降低,增强肌肉的抗氧化能力,同时,桑叶可提高肌肉脂肪沉积,对肌肉氨基酸和脂肪酸组成(增加不饱和脂肪酸的含量)均有影响,并改善肉的风味。在家禽生产中,添加桑叶能降低鸡肉的pH,且可通过改变肌肉脂肪酸组成改善肉品质。此外,桑叶的活性成分已被证实能提高细胞或小鼠的抗氧化能力,具有降血脂、血糖及动脉粥样硬化等作用。本文简述了桑叶的营养价值及其在猪、肉鸡、蛋鸡生产中的应用,旨在为其作为蛋白质资源进一步应用于畜禽生产提供一定参考。     

牛支原体新疆株的分离鉴定

为调查新疆规模化奶牛场病牛死亡原因并确定病原,本研究无菌采集7份肺炎病死牛病变肺组织样,通过牛支原体液体培养基和固体培养基分离到1株支原体,采用形态学观察和生化试验鉴定该分离株,采用支原体特异性引物和牛支原体16S rRNA通用引物扩增基因序列并测序,使用DNAStar软件将分离菌株测序结果与GenBank中的标准株序列进行同源性比对,采用Mega 6.0软件中的邻接法(Neighbor-Joining,NJ)依据16S rRNA序列构建分离株系统进化树。结果显示,分离株菌落呈典型的"煎蛋样",菌落中心凹陷深入培养基,周边菲薄而透明,经Dienes染液染色后,菌落中心呈深蓝色。该分离株不分解葡萄糖、尿素、不水解精氨酸,血细胞吸附试验和溶血试验均呈阴性,氯化三苯基四氮唑还原反应呈阳性,产生膜和斑。PCR反应扩增出大小为1 911 bp的牛支原体特异性目的片段;分离株16S rRNA基因序列与牛支原体标准株PG45的序列同源性为99.8%,与牛支原体地方株(Mb NM2012、Mb HB0801、Mb Hubei-1、Mb Ningxia-1、Mb CQ-W70和Mb 08M)的同源性为99.3%～99.7%。系统进化树显示,分离株16S rRNA基因与Mb Ningxia-1株和Mb 08M株亲缘关系较近,处于同一分支。本研究结果证实了引起病牛死亡的病原为牛支原体,为新疆牛支原体病的防治提供了科学依据。