Analysis of High Reproductivity on Wild Yak Bull

Sperm concentration of wild yak bull is 2. 13 billion per milliliter. Survival time at 0-4 ℃ is 57hrs. After thawing survival time at 37 ℃ is 12 hrs. Resistance coefficient is 144,000. Abnormal sperm rate and acrosomal integrated rate of post-thawing is 9.17% and 87.53% respectively. Moving viscosity is 1. 169 cp. Total nitrogen is 1 437.7 mg/100 ml. Head of sperm is significantly shorter and end piece is significantly longer than that of domestic yak and yellow cattle. Activity of hyaluronidase is highly stronger than the domestic yak,and the activity of LDH is higher than the domestic yak by 48 %. Hence,the fertility of the wild yak bull is powerful and the artificial inseminated rate with domestic yak and yellow cattle is 88.9% and 71.58% respectively.     

广西猪瘟流行毒株全基因组的克隆与序列分析

参考已发表的猪瘟病毒(CSFV)Shimen株、HCLV株、Paderborn株的核苷酸序列，设计并合成11对引物。应用RT—PcR技术，成功地分11个片段扩增了CSFV广西流行毒株GXWZ02的全基因组，将这11个基因片段克隆，并测定了其核苷酸序列。应用计算机生物软件Vector NT1将11个基因片段进行拼接。确认CSFV GXWZ02株全基因组序列的长度为12296个核苷酸(GenBank收录号AY367767)。将GXXZ02株与国内外已发表的Slhimen、HCLV、39、Brescia、Eystrup、Glentorf、Alfort187、Pader190rn、CS、ALD、GPE、P97、LPC毒株进行全基因组核苷酸序列和推定的氨基酸序列比较，核苷酸同源性分别为85．4％、84．6％、88．7％、85．7％、85．7％、85．3％、85．6％、95．3％、85．7％、85．7％85．4％、83．4％、84．3％，推定的氨基酸同源性分别为92．6％、91．7％、94．2％、93．1％、92．9％、92．3％、93．0％、97．7％、92．6％、93．0％、92．6％、90．5％、90．6％。GXWZ02与Shimen、HCLV的全基因组序列及推定的氨基酸序列有明显差异，表明GXWZ02株在遗传性和抗原性上发生了较明显的变化。系统发育树分析，所比较的14株CSFV被分为2个群：GXWZ02、Paderborn和39这3个毒株被归为群Ⅰ，其余的11个毒株被归为群Ⅱ，GXWZ02与Paderborn的亲缘关系最接近。将GXXZ02与Shimen、HCLV基因组中单个基因分别进行核苷酸及推定的氨基酸序列同源性比较，结果显示，基因E^ms、E2、P7、NS2、NS5A的遗传变异程度大。而NS3、NS4A、NS4B的遗传性则相对保守。     

高丹草遗传图谱构建及农艺性状基因定位研究

本文以高丹草(So rghumSudan grass)(314A×ZKSD)的F_2:3家系作为构图群体, 构建了高丹草AFLP和RAPD遗传图谱。将248个F_2:3家系按随机区组重复3次的田间设计在两个试验点种植, 考察了包括产量在内的10个重要农艺性状。利用复合区间作图法分析10个性状的数量性状基因座位(QTL)以及基因效应值和基因作用方式, 并采用遗传分离分析法进行多世代联合分析, 主要结果如下。     

青海牦牛肉食用品质及安全性的分析研究

对年龄2周岁左右的12头青海牦牛肉的食用品质及安全性指标进行了系统研究。结果表明：牦牛肉食用品质较好，肉质安全，无污染。具有肌红蛋白含量高、亲水率高、多汁性好，香味浓郁，肉质细嫩，口感适宜等特性。肉中肌红蛋白含量极显著高于黄牛（P＜0．01），肉中重金属元素和有毒有害物质限量均符合GB18406．3和NY5044的要求，是生产优质牛肉制品的原料，也是一种具有较高生物学价值的安全的肉食品，具有很大的开发价值。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病继发大肠杆菌感染的诊断研究

笔者饲养的200多只蛋鸡用种公鸡于50日龄左右突然发病，主要症状为食欲剧减甚至废绝，羽毛逆立，缩颈嗜眠。倒提时口内流出大量黏液状液体，排恶臭白色或微黄带泡沫稀粪，呈水样。发病率达80％，死亡率达32％。剖检可见部分鸡胸肌和腿肌出血，法氏囊水肿出血，个别鸡法氏囊内有黄色较硬的球状分泌物，有的鸡有心包炎和肝周炎，肠道、脾脏和肾脏有出血点。综合以上症状和实验室病毒学和细菌学检测，确诊为传染性法氏囊病继发大肠杆菌感染。     

以催乳素受体基因作为撒坝猪部分生产性能候选基因的研究

此文运用PCR-RFLP技术检测催乳素受体(PRLR)基因在撒坝猪群体中的多态性分布,并采用最小二乘分析模型初步统计分析基因多态性与部分生产性能的相关性。结果表明,PRLR基因等位基因B及其基因型BB在群体中占优势,频率分别为0.6594和0.4438;PRLR基因在群体中处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态;头胎繁殖性状有利等位基因B对生长性状无不利影响。     

基因枪轰击不同剂量小鹅瘟病毒VP3基因疫苗在雏鹅体内的动态分布

本文开展了检测小鹅瘟病毒(GPV)VP3基因的实时荧光定量PCR(FQ-PCR)方法的建立和基因枪轰击不同剂量(1、3和6μg)GPV-VP3基因疫苗(pcDNA-GPV-VP3)在30日龄四川白鹅体内(心、肝、脾、肺、肾、法氏囊、胸腺、哈氏腺、十二指肠、空肠、回肠、直肠、盲肠、胰腺、血液、脑及注射部位皮肤)分布规律的研究。结果表明:①建立的FQ-PCR特异性强、灵敏度高、重复性好,核酸模板数与FQ-PCR测定的Ct值相关系数达到0.999,具有很好的直线相关性;②pcDNA-GPV-VP3各剂量免疫雏鹅1 h即可在各组织中检测到,其中注射部位含量最高,肝、肾、淋巴器官(脾、法氏囊、胸腺、哈氏腺)含量较高;③到免疫后217 d时,1μg组免疫雏鹅各个组织器官内仍检测到pcDNA-GPV-VP3的存在,但多数组织器官中的含量比1 h时约少了4个数量级,其中免疫部位减少了7个数量级;④血液中pcDNA-GPV-VP3的含量较少,且免疫后1 h~217 d各时间点的差异不显著(P≥0.05);⑤不同剂量pcDNA-GPV-VP3免疫雏鹅各组织中的含量呈现的总体规律为6μg组>3μg组>1μg组,但差异不显著(P≥0.05)。因此,FQ-PCR是定量检测pcDNA-GPV-VP3在免疫雏鹅体内含量的可靠方法,pcDNA-GPV-VP3免疫雏鹅后1 h时可分布至雏鹅体内各组织器官中并持续存在217 d以上。     

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED Exergy as an ecological application used in the recovery process of benthic communities

Exergy, the thermodynamic function that represents the distance of an open system from equilibrium, is proposed as an ecological indicator for summarizing the complex dynamics occurring in a disturbed community during its recovery processes. These complex dynamics can be difficult to capture by using classical indices. In this study, we sampled macrobenthos using the BACI scheme (before versus after; control versus impact) in tidal wetlands of west Chongming Island, China, an area that has been disturbed by ecological engineering measures. Exergy storage is estimated for benthic communities. The control area is proposed as dynamic reference for estimating local exergy storage of the benthic community. Three different methods were used for estimating exergy on the basis of coefficients: (a) taken for taxa groups; (b) estimated from coding genes given for broad taxonomic groups; and (c) estimated from genome size taken as close as possible to the taxonomic level of the species, providing a basis for inferring similarities. We found a decrease of local exergy content in the disturbed area 9 days after the disturbance. Subsequently, the reference exergy of the benthic community increased (i.e. in the surrounding control area) in accordance with the proposed hypothesis regarding the dynamics of exergy storage during a system's development. Estimates of local exergy arrived at using the three methods provided comparable results. Based on this, we then discuss the feasibility of using the more readily available genome size data for estimating exergy. This result may have important implications for broader application of this indicator to biological systems. Moreover, the adjacent control samples seem to represent an appropriate dynamic reference for estimating the local exergy of disturbed communities. We found that exergy was a useful indicator that integrates the processes underlying the recovery of the benthic community after disturbance.     

鸡舍真菌气溶胶潜在危害的定量评估

本文采用6级Andersen生物空气采样器和常用真菌计数培养基,在鸡舍入口处收集气溶胶真菌,经培养和纯化鉴定出78种真菌,其中包括黄曲霉、烟曲霉、黑曲霉及镰刀菌等在内的50余种真菌。研究表明鸡舍入口处空气真菌污染程度与鸡舍内没有显著差异。早晨气溶胶真菌浓度明显低于中午(P=0.07)和晚间(P=0.05)的浓度,且夏秋季节浓度相对较高,峰值在7月份。鸡舍内气溶胶真菌的年平均浓度为2.3×103 CFU/m3。黄曲霉、烟曲霉、黑曲霉在鸡舍空气中的浓度相对较高,分别超过真菌气溶胶组成平均浓度77.7 CFU/m3、63CFU/m35、7.1 CFU/m3,而镰刀菌是常见的空气真菌,其总平均浓度为74.6 CFU/m3,比平均值高出45.3 CFU/m3。平均CMD值分别为3.1μm;GSD分别为2.1。每分钟可沉积到支气管和直接侵入肺泡的活性真菌量分别是居室的3.4倍和3.3倍。本研究探讨了真菌气溶胶不同时间和季节的变化规律,并从其组成、浓度及粒子大小定量评估采样点鸡舍真菌气溶胶的危害,为有效控制禽类真菌病的流行提供科学依据和预警资料。     

动物应激的研究进展

对动物应激的研究已有几十年,但有关应激的基础理论体系仍不健全,对于应激的概念及其应用也有很多模糊的地方,致使很多时候人们对应激研究的结果不能进行准确解释。本文对应激的概念、应激的一般反应及应激反应的机理等几个方面进行了综述,希望能引起人们对有关应激理论的思考。