神农架大九湖生物多样性及湿地恢复技术探讨

大九湖湿地是湖北省境内海拔最高的高山湿地。笔者研究了大九湖的生物多样性,并对其进行了评价,提出了湿地的恢复技术。     

Identification of a conservative site in the African swine fever virus p54 protein and its preliminary application in a serological assay

BackgroundASF was first reported in Kenya in 1910 in 1921. In China, ASF spread to 31 provinces including Henan and Jiangsu within six months after it was first reported on August 3, 2018. The epidemic almost affected the whole China, causing direct economic losses of tens of billions of yuan. Cause great loss to our pig industry. As ELISA is cheap and easy to operate, OIE regards it as the preferred serological method for ASF detection. P54 protein has good antigenicity and is an ideal antigen for detection.ObjectiveTo identify a conservative site in the African swine fever virus (ASFV) p54 protein and perform a Cloth-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting the ASFV antibody in order to reduce risks posed by using the live virus in diagnostic assays.MethodWe used bioinformatics methods to predict the antigen epitope of the ASFV p54 protein in combination with the antigenic index and artificially synthesized the predicted antigen epitope peptides. Using ASFV-positive serum and specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), we performed indirect ELISA and blocking ELISA to verify the immunological properties of the predicted epitope polypeptide.ResultsThe results of our prediction revealed that the possible antigen epitope regions were A23–29, A36–45, A72–94, A114–120, A124–130, and A137–150. The indirect ELISA showed that the peptides A23–29, A36–45, A72–94, A114–120, and A137–150 have good antigenicity. Moreover, the A36–45 polypeptide can react specifically with the mAb secreted by hybridoma cells, and its binding site contains a minimum number of essential amino acids in the sequence 37DIQFINPY44.ConclusionsOur study confirmed a conservative antigenic site in the ASFV p54 protein and its amino acid sequence. A competitive ELISA method for detecting ASFV antibodies was established based on recombinant p54 and matching mAb. Moreover, testing the protein sequence alignment verified that the method can theoretically detect antibodies produced by pigs affected by nearly all ASFVs worldwide.     

基于“三生”空间视角的中国农业文化遗产研究文献分析与评述

本研究基于"生产、生活、生态"的空间理论视角,揭示中国农业文化遗产"三生"空间人地关系的研究现状。以"农业文化遗产"为关键词,采用Citespace5.5文献计量分析工具和归纳方法,梳理了近年来中国农业文化遗产的研究成果,结果表明:2005—2020年中国农业文化遗产的研究经历了初步探索、波动增长、平稳发展三个阶段,各个阶段上的研究热点具有明显差异。目前中国农业文化遗产在景观价值挖掘、旅游开发、乡村振兴等领域的研究成果已初具规模,但在基础性理论方面尚未形成权威的认知。农业文化遗产在"三生"空间上的研究对于解决"三农"问题具有重要的实践意义,今后应更加关注基础理论的更新、强化实证研究、贯彻"分层"保护思维、完善社区参与、加快农业文化遗产地的评价指标体系构建和动态保护,以期实现农业文化遗产的高效利用及可持续发展。     

樱桃小茎尖培养后的早熟变异与RAPD鉴定

樱桃品种Ｘｅｓｐｈｙｅ（Ｐｒｕｎｕｓ　ａｖｉｕｍ）的休眠芽通过小茎尖分生组织培养后,发现一株组培苗结果后成熟期明显早于Ｘｅｓｐｈｙｅ及同批其它试管苗,该株经无性繁殖试栽后早熟性状稳定,并且综合性状良好,具栽培价值,暂定名“早丹”。经ＲＡＰＤ技术鉴定,该早熟变异株的ＤＮＡ指纹图谱与原Ｘｅｓｐｈｙｅ品种不同,早熟变异株比原 Ｘｅｓｐｈｙｅ品种多扩增一条 ＯＰＵ０３－９５０ ＤＮＡ谱带,说明该株系发生了ＤＮＡ的变异。     

早熟梨新品种区域性比较试验

七月酥、早美酥是分别用幸水×早酥和新世纪×早酥杂交培育而成。区域性试验研究表 明二者具有早果、丰产、优质的特性,在外观、色泽、品质等方面优于我国目前广泛栽培的早酥梨, 是有推广前途的极早熟或早熟梨新品种。     

聚类分析在我国果树研究中的应用及问题分析

对近１０年来聚类分析在我国果树研究中的应用情况进行了简要总结。涉及十余种果树及系统聚类和模糊聚类两种聚类分析方法。文中对有关问题进行了分析和讨论。     

Curcumin attenuates rat lung ischemia/reperfusion injury by interfering with autophagy

AIM To investigate the role of curcumin （CUR） in lung ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） injury （LIRI） and its relationship with autophagy. METHODS 40 SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation （sham） group, I/R group, solvent （DMSO） group, CUR group and CUR+rapamycin （CUR-Rap） group. The rats were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline, DMSO, CUR or CUR+Rap before operation. After the rat LIRI model was established, the lung tissues were taken to measure W/D, TLW, IAR, and the contents of SOD and MDA were also measured to indicate the oxidative stress level. Light and electron microscopes were used to observed the morphology and ultrastrucure of lung tissues. The expression levels of autophagy-related proteins were determined by Western blot to evaluate autophagy levels. RESULTS Compared with sham group, wet weight/dry weight （W/D）, total lung water （TLW）, injured alveoli rate（IAR） and malondialdehyde （MDA） content in all other groups were increased, superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity was decreased, the levels of autophagy were increased （P<0.05）, and lung tissue injury and cell ultrastructural damage were aggravated in CUR group. Compared with DMSO group, W/D, TLW and IAR and MDA content were decreased, SOD activity was decreased, autophagy levels were also decreased （P<0.05）, and lung tissue and cell ultrastructural damage were attenuated. Compared with CUR group, W/D, TLW, IAR and MDA content were increased, SOD activity declined, the autophagy levels were increased （P<0.05）, and damage of lung tissues and cells were more serious in CUR-Rap group. CONCLUSION Curcumin attenuates the lung I/R injury in rats, and its mechanism may be related to the reduction of oxidative stress and the inhibition of autophagy.     

猴头菌提取物对大鼠胃粘膜损伤保护作用的研究

用三种不同主式得到的猴头菌提取物(猴头菌子实体粗多糖、猴头菌菌丝体粗多糖、猴头菌菌丝体全提物)对乙醇致大鼠胃粘膜损伤的治疗作用进行研究。结果表明,当以等原生药量计时,子实休机多糖疗效最明显,菌丝体全提物次之,菌丝体粗多糖较差,溃疡抑制率分别达70.8％、51.4％和41.5％;当以等多糖含量计时,则三个样品的疗效接近,溃疡抑制率达到60％左右。这进一步证实猴头菌多糖是猴头菌保护大鼠胃粘膜的主要活性物质。     

中国农业装备产业发展战略研究

该文深入分析了中国农业装备产业发展现状与态势、发展中存在的问题与制约因素,提出振兴中国农业装备产业要实施自主创新战略、现代制造技术改造提升战略、组织结构优化战略、品牌培育战略以及市场拓展战略5大具体战略,以实现2010年农业装备制造业工业总产值翻一番,装备技术自主创新能力显著增强;2020年农业装备工业总值将在2010年基础上再提高50％,步入世界农业装备制造强国行列的阶段战略目标。探讨了中国农业装备科技创新体系建设的重点在于强化国家农业装备工程技术研究中心建设、打造大型农业装备制造企业、推进中小企业间合作创新,以增强共性技术研发能力、逐步培育农业装备产业创新主体和构建农业装备技术集成与推广服务平台。最后提出了完善农业装备科技创新机制的政策建议,重点在于建立新型农业装备科技创新运行机制,整合创新资源引导建立产学研合作创新的长效激励机制,建立多元化农业装备创新资金投入机制。