基于HYSPLIT和PSCF的防风固沙生态服务功能空间模拟

针对以盐渍化影响和风沙活动为特征的北方农牧交错带,研究其生态系统服务功能空间差异及其流变机制,有助于明确服务提供区（SPA）与服务受益区（SBA）之间的空间关系,制定跨区生态补偿方案。采用混合单粒子拉格朗日积分轨道（HYSPLIT）模型和源贡献潜势（PSCF）模型,模拟了大型盐碱沙尘源地（安固里淖干涸盐碱湖）防风固沙生态系统服务（SSS）对风蚀的影响,确定了在土地覆盖、人口和国内生产总值（GDP）方面的辐射效益,并以辐射效益结果为依据提出跨地区的横向生态补偿方案。结果表明：在2015年,安固里淖干涸盐碱湖生态系统SSS效益显著,固沙量达到367.93万t;研究区SSS传输路径向东部延伸,主要影响我国华北和东北地区,SBA土地面积为189.37万km2,占全国总面积的19.66%,受益范围包括北京市等15个省(市、区),是研究区面积的41.167倍;受益人口达5.27亿人,受益GDP总量为28.37万亿元;研究区生态系统提供的SSS使得SBA降尘量减少147.17万t,直接经济效益达44.26亿元;研究区投入生态建设的资金应由北京市等15个受益省（市）共同承担,黑龙江省和内蒙古自治区补偿金额最大,其次为河北省、吉林省和辽宁省等,浙江省需支付的生态补偿金额最少。本研究通过横向生态补偿促进生态建设,以减轻由土壤风蚀造成的损害,可为有关部门的政策决策者提供参考。     

基于形态重构的叶片性状特征可视化表达方法

针对目前叶片性状特征在信息融合与表达过程中存在单一性及抽象性等问题,提出一种基于形态重构的叶片性状特征可视化表达方法。以温室黄瓜叶片生长为例,将有效积温、生长速率等作为特征参数,建立叶片形态发生模型,利用参数化样条曲线描述叶缘、叶脉的几何形态,采取二分法递归地分割叶缘及叶脉曲线,以实现叶片曲面的网格化细分,结合叶色纹理信息映射模型,提出叶片性状特征的可视化表达方法。实验结果表明,运用该方法得到的叶片性状特征模拟值与观测值之间的相对误差较小,其决定系数均达到0. 95以上,均方根误差不大于0. 236,与传统的建模方法相比,该模型具有更高的拟合度和可靠性,能够有效实现黄瓜叶片性状变化的动态仿真,可为实时掌握和预测植物生长发育状况提供依据。     

高寒山区马铃薯—大白菜一年两熟栽培研究

以早熟马铃薯品种费乌瑞它和大白菜品种秋喜十三号为试验材料,设置马铃薯5个播种期地膜覆盖栽培和大白菜3个播种期露地栽培为试验因子,研究贵州省高寒山区威宁县早春马铃薯最早适宜播种期和夏大白菜的的适宜播种期.试验结果表明:在贵州省高寒山区威宁县,早春马铃薯播种期可以提早到2月上旬,大白菜6～7月均可播种.     

The Ethernet Technology in Water Treatment Automation

Around building a control system for water treatment, the background and the characteristics of technical development of industrial Ethernet are discussed. According to the control system of water treatment from several famous automation companies, the present situation of the technology and application of industrial Ethernet is analyzed. At last, the characteristics of the automatic control system for water treatment are described.     

外源有机酸对两种生态型东南景天吸收和积累锌的影响

通过溶液培养试验,比较研究了外源有机酸对两种生态型东南景天生长和锌吸收与积累的影响。结果表明,外加柠檬酸或草酸能明显增强非超积累生态型东南景天的耐锌毒能力,叶片、茎和根系的生物量均有增加;而对锌超积累生态型东南景天的生长没有显著性影响。外加柠檬酸、草酸或柠檬酸+草酸,锌超积累生态型根系Zn含量显著增加,但叶片和茎组织中Zn含量无明显变化;而非超积累生态型叶片、茎和根系Zn含量均显著增加,尤其是根系Zn含量,与单独Zn处理相比外源有机酸处理增加4～5倍。同样,外加柠檬酸、草酸或柠檬酸+草酸明显提高Zn在非超积累生态型根系和地上部的积累量,且对地上部Zn积累量的促进程度大于根部;柠檬酸的促进作用又比草酸及2种酸混合处理高1倍。然而,有机酸处理对Zn超积累生态型根系Zn积累量有所增加,但对叶片和茎中Zn积累量无影响。叶片和茎中水溶态Zn含量也受外源有机酸的影响,2种生态型叶片、茎中水溶态Zn含量均受有机酸处理而提高。Zn超积累生态型叶片和茎中水溶态Zn含量占总Zn含量比例也受有机酸处理而增大,但非超积累生态型则显著降低。上述结果表明,柠檬酸和草酸可能作为其Zn吸收的配基,促进根系对Zn吸收与积累,叶片和茎中的Zn可能与可溶性有机化合物或无机盐结合。     

草本植物混播对公路边坡的防护效果研究

草本植物混播应用于高等级公路边坡防护,具有减少噪音、防冲减蚀和改善公路沿线生态环境的良好效果。播种当年地表植被覆盖度达89.5%以上,可分别减少径流、泥沙36.5%和82.7%以上,次年地表覆盖度可达95%以上,基本上无水土流失且对土壤的改良作用明显。其中百喜草(50%)+白三叶(50%)的效果最好,高羊茅(40%)+白三叶(40%)+多年生黑麦草(20%)的效果次之,多年生黑麦草(30%)+早熟禾(30%)+白三叶(40%)的效果居第三。     

铜尾矿污染土壤几种牧草的重金属抗性及微生物群落功能多样性研究

Copper （Cu） mine tailings, because of their high content of heavy metals, are usually hostile to plant colonization. A pot experiment was conducted to determine the tolerance of four forage grasses to heavy metals in Cu mine tailings and to examine the variation in the microbial functional diversity of soils from the tailing sites in southern China. All the four grass species survived on Cu mine tailings and Cu mine tailing-soil mixture. However, on pure mine tailings, the growth was minimal, whereas the growth was maximum for the control without mine tailings. The tolerance of grasses to heavy metals followed the sequence： Paspalum notatum 〉 Festuea arundinaeea 〉 Lolium perenne 〉 Cynodon daetylon. The planting of forage grasses enhanced the soil microbial biomass. The Biolog data indicated that the soil microbial metabolic profile values （average well color development, community richness, and Shannon index） of the four forage grasses also followed the sequence： P. notatum 〉 F. arundinaeea 〉 L. perenne 〉 C. daetylon. Thus, P. notatum, under the experimental conditions of this study, may be considered as the preferred plant species for revegetation of Cu mine tailing areas.     

基于137Cs示踪的丹江口市农用地土壤侵蚀与有机质流失分析

运用137Cs示踪技术探讨了丹江口市小流域不同土地利用方式的土壤侵蚀,并分析了137Cs含量与有机质和重金属含量之间的关系。结果表明:农用地土壤侵蚀速率从大到小依次为沟谷旱地>坡耕地>菜田>水田>草地>灌丛,耕作土的侵蚀强度多为中度和强度侵蚀,非耕作土则是微度和轻度侵蚀;不同土地利用方式对土壤有机质和重金属分布影响很大,有机质含量分布规律为草地>灌丛>菜田>水田>沟谷旱地>坡耕地;Pb与Ni含量为灌丛>草地>坡耕地>沟谷旱地>菜田>水田;Cr与Cu含量为灌丛>菜田>坡耕地>草地>沟谷旱地>水田;Zn含量为灌丛>菜田>草地>坡耕地>沟谷旱地>水田。对137Cs含量与土壤有机质、重金属含量进行回归分析的相关系数均在0.7以上,说明在景观简单的小流域,可以利用137Cs含量和数学模型预测土壤有机质和重金属的含量变化。     

外源硝态氮对菊芋耐海水胁迫的影响

A hydroponic experiment with six treatments, i.e., 0% seawater （control）, 10% seawater, 25% seawater, 0% seawater ＋ N （7.5 mmol L-1 NaNO3）, 10% seawater ＋ N （7.5 mmol L-1 NaO3）, and 25% seawater ＋ N （7.5 mmol L-1 NaNO3）, was carried out to study the effect of nitrogen addition on the growth and physiological and biochemical characteristics of Jerusalem artichoke （Helianthus tuberosus） seedlings under seawater stress. The 10% seawater stress treatment had the least effect on plant growth while at 25% seawater growth was significantly inhibited. The malondialdehyde content and electrolyte leakage in leaves under 10% seawater were similar to those of the control, but significantly higher under the 25% seawater stress. The activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase in the leaves increased concomitantly with increasing seawater concentration and time. Proline and soluble-sugars in the leaves and Na^＋, K^＋, and Cl- contents in shoots and roots increased significantly with the concentration of seawater increasing. Nitrogen addition resulted in increasing fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots compared with seawater treatment without N. Nitrogen supplementation also significantly enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes in leaves. Addition of N to seawater enhanced the contents of proline and soluble-sugars in the leaves and K^＋ and total-N in the aerial parts and roots of H. tuberosus, but it resulted in declined concentrations of Na^＋ and Cl- in the aerial parts and roots. Nitrogen addition ameliorated the toxicity of seawater by improving the antioxidative enzymes, accumulating of proiine and soluble-sugars, and altering the distribution of inorganic ions in H. tuberosus.