保护地桃新品种早醒艳

早醒艳素辽宁农业职业技术学院从１９９２年嫁接、１９９３年定植的冠春桃选育的芽变新品种。该品种需冷量１１７小时,在辽宁省熟岳地区温室中栽培于１１月上中旬升温,１２月中旬开花,果实３月上中旬成熟,比早红珠、早红二号等上２０～３０天成熟。外观美丽,耐贮运,丰产性好。１９９９年通过辽宁省农作物品种审定并命名。     

Effect of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase on the response of guinea pig tracheas induced by peroxynitrite in vitro

AIM and METHODS: to elucidater the effect of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase(PARP) on tracheal hyperreactivity of guinea - pig induced by peroxynitrite, the responses of guinea pig tracheas to histamine af- ter incubation with peroxynitrite in the absence and presence of 3 - aminobenzamide(3 - AB), a highly selective inhibitor for PARP, were observed in vitro. RESULTS: The exposure of tracheal strips to peroxynitrite led to epithelial damage and hyperreacitivity to histamine, both of which were reversed by 3 - AB(lmmol/L or 5mmol/L), whereas incubation of tracheal strips with 3 - AB(5mmol/L) had no effect on the reponses. CONCLUSION: PARP is involved in the epithelial damage and hyperreactivity of guinea - pig tracheas induced by peroxynitrite. The results suggested that inhibition of excessive activation of PARP may represent a novel strategy for the prevention and therapy of airway hyperreactivity in asthma.     

Role and regulation of calcineurin in angiotensin Ⅱ-stimulated cardiac myocyte hypertrophy of rats

AIM: To study the role and regulation of calcineurin(CaN) in angiotensin II(AngⅡ)-stimulated cardiacmyocyte hypertrophy of rats. METHODS: Using AngⅡ to induce the cultured cardiac myocyte hypertrophy of rats, and investigating the effect of CaN inhibitor on [³H]-leucine incorporation of AngⅡ-stimulated cardiomyocytes and the regulation of various factors on CaN activity in cardiomyocytes.RESULTS: AngⅡ can stimulate the CaN activity in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In cardiac myocytes incubated with 10, 100, 1000 nmol·L^-1 of AngⅡ for 12h, the CaN activities increased respectively by 13%,57%(P＜0.05) and 228%(P＜0.01) compared with that in non-stimulated cardiomyocytes. The CaN activities in AngⅡ-stimulated cardiomyocytes were significantly inhibited by losartan(50 μmol·L^-1), H₇(50 μmol·L^-1)and Fura-2/AM(4 μmol·L^-1),while no effect was observed with PD98059(50 μmol·L^-1).The [³H]-leucine incorporation in AngⅡ-stimulated cardiomyocytes increased by 46%(P＜0.01) compared with that in control group, which was dramatically inhibited by cyclosporin A(0.5~5μg/mL). CONCLUSIONS: Calcineurin, a Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, may play an important role in AngⅡ-induced cardiac myocyte hypertrophy. The activation of CaN may dependent on the sustained increases of [Ca²⁺]i and be regulated by some protein kinases (such as PKC,etc.).     

Effect of 2, 3-butanedione monoxime (BDM) on myocardial protection in cold cardioplegia

AIM: The effects of BDM on isolated rat heart in cold cardioplegia were studied. METHODS: Rat heart were subjected to cold cardioplegia at 4℃ for 8, 18 and 24 h.Then each heart was perfused (90 cm H₂O) in Langendorff model at 37℃ for 40 min. In the high K⁺ group(n=24) the hearts were preserved in St.Thomas cardioplegic solution, in BDM group(n=24) hearts were preserved in K-H solution with BDM 30 mmoL/L. RESULTS: After 18 h, heart rate and the coronary flow in BDM group were significantly higher than in high K⁺ group(P＜0.05). Activity of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase in cell membrane and in mitochondrial membrane in the BDM group was significantly higher than high K⁺ group(P＜0.01). After 24 h, all hearts in high K⁺ group were dead, but were alive in BDM group. CONCLUSION: Under given experiment conditions, BDM did enhance the tolerance to cold ischemia significantly. The results showed that BDM may become a useful agent for prolong the storage period of heart in cold cardioglegia.     

CYP450 epoxygenase/EET pathway attenuates adipose inflammation of obese mice through HIF-1α

AIM To investigate the effects of cytochrome P450 （CYP450） epoxygenase/epoxyeicosatrienoic acid （EET） pathway on insulin resistance in obese mice, and to explore the possible mechanisms. METHODS High-fat diet-induced obesity model was established in C57BL/6Cnc mice, and the obese mice were randomly divided into 3 groups, including obesity group （treated with saline; n=10）, EET group （treated with 11,12-EET; n=10） and EET inhibitor 14,15-epoxyeicosa-5（Z）-enoic acid （EEZE） group （n=10）. Normal C57BL/6Cnc mice （n=10） treated with saline served as control. Protein expression of CYP2J2 （one of CYP450 epoxygenases） and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α （HIF-1α） was measured by Western blot. Vessel-like structure was detected by immunofluorescence staining. The serum levels of insulin, tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）, interleukin （IL）-1β, IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 （MCP-1） were measured by ELISA. RESULTS In obese mice, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance （HOMA-IR） values were increased, the protein level of CYP2J2 was reduced, and the protein level of HIF-1α was increased in adipose tissues as compared with the controls （P<0.05）. The serum levels of MCP-1, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were also significantly increased in obese mice （P<0.05）. After treatment with 11, 12-EET, the HOMA-IR values were decreased compared with vehicle-treated obese mice, HIF-1α expression levels were decreased in the adipose tissue, and the serum levels of MCP-1, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were reduced （P<0.05）. Immunohistochemical results of adipose tissue from vehicle-treated obese mice showed a marked decrease in vessel-like structures （CD31-positive） compared with normal control mice （P<0.05）. EET treatment significantly increased the newly formed vessel-like structures in the visceral adipose tissues of obese mice as compared with vehicle-treated obese mice （P<0.05）. CONCLUSION High-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance are closely related to the CYP450 pathway. Exogenous EETs effectively decrease obesity-induced insulin resistance possibly through pro-angiogenesis and attenuation of hypoxia and inflammation.     

接种方法和接种时期对不同玉米杂交组合穗腐病抗性鉴定的影响

为研究不同接种方法和接种时期对玉米拟轮枝镰孢穗腐病(Fusarium verticillioides ear rot,FER)抗性鉴定的影响,选取高抗×高抗、高抗×高感、高感×高感组合各3份,2022年在北京顺义和河南新乡分别用针刺果穗注射法与双牙签法在玉米吐丝后5、10、15 d进行接种。结果表明,吐丝后5、10和15 d接种,针刺果穗注射法分别比双牙签法的平均病情严重度高6.3%、3.9%和1.8%;吐丝后5 d接种,不同组合采用针刺果穗注射法接种未达到显著差异,采用双牙签法达到极显著差异(P<0.01);吐丝后10 d和15 d接种,不同组合使用针刺果穗注射法均达到极显著(P<0.01)差异,牙签法均未达到显著差异。采用双牙签法接种时,建议吐丝后5 d接种;采用针刺果穗注射法接种时,建议吐丝后10～15 d接种。     

玉米小斑病抗性种质鉴定及生理生化分析

以200份玉米优良自交系为材料,2022-2023年夏分别进行小斑病菌的田间接种,综合两年数据共鉴定出高抗小斑病的玉米自交系3份,分别为K22、CML50和齐319;筛选到包括Mo17在内的抗性玉米自交系24份。选取K22和B73两个具有不同抗性水平的玉米自交系进行小斑病菌的室内接种。结果表明,48 h和72 h时,自交系K22叶片的病斑数、病斑面积和病斑面积比等各项指标均显著优于自交系B73,进一步验证田间鉴定的准确性。48 h或72 h时,高抗小斑病自交系K22与感病对照B73相比,5种防御酶活性增加14.32%～70.45%。     

甘肃省河西走廊玉米品种的产量表现及农艺性状评价

通过对玉米品种农艺性状的分析,筛选出对产量影响最大的农艺性状和适宜在特定生态区种植的品种,为后续的品种推广和生态区种植提供理论基础。在2020、2021和2022年3个不同年份间分别种植16个玉米品种(L1～L16),对小区产量、株高等重要指标进行记载。方差分析结果可知,除穗长的品种与年份互作效应(L×Y)、穗行数和千粒重外,其余性状的品种效应(L)、品种与年份互作效应、年份效应(Y)均呈极显著差异(P<0.001)。GGE分析显示,L6(武农科1号)在酒泉市2020和2021年适应性最强,L10(五谷652)在酒泉市2022年的适应性最强;小区产量高且较为稳定的是L6(武农科1号)、L7(RF699)、L13(德圣358)等。相关性和主成分分析可知,小区产量与其余农艺性状之间均呈正相关。L6(武农科1号)、L7(RF699)、L13(德圣358)等品种的产量适应性和稳定性俱佳且其余农艺性状表现较优,适宜在本试验所选择的试点进行推广种植。     

EMS诱变玉米自交系郑58后代变异分析及应用评价

种子是农业的“芯片”,是保障粮食安全的根本,农业种质资源又被称为“种业芯片”。因此,引进、创制和丰富种质资源是攻克“卡脖子”技术的关键,通过人工诱变是种质资源创新的一个重要途径。利用0.67 mg/L EMS诱变玉米自交系郑58花粉,构建1 650个株系的玉米突变体库,从M₂和M₃后代筛选到包括生育期、株型、叶型、穗型、粒型、叶色、轴色、育性等多个农艺性状突变体,表型变异率约为9.6%。结果表明,具有育种应用潜能的代表性材料有Z330、Z641和Z1433等,可供用于选育矮秆、低穗位、耐密植、抗倒伏型新品种;Z636、Z848和Z930等新种质材料可用于测配或改良玉米穗型、粒型、轴色、粒色及品质性状。     

利用SNP芯片对部分黄淮海玉米自交系遗传多样性分析

利用4 434个SNP标记对47份玉米自交系进行种质遗传多样性和杂种优势类群研究。采用Admixture软件对自交系的遗传结构进行分析,采用Treebest软件对自交系进行聚类分析和类群划分。结果表明,47份自交系分为6个类群,分别为瑞德群、兰卡斯特群、塘四平头群、PB群、旅大红骨群和自330亚群。10个自选系组配的杂交种主要利用的杂种优势模式为PB×塘四平头和瑞德×塘四平头,均为近年来黄淮海地区主要利用的杂种优势模式。