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201.
F. J. TENDILLO DVM PhD A. M. PERA DVM A. MASCIAS DVM M. SANTOS DVM LA. GÓMEZ DE SEGURA DVM PhD F. SAN ROMÁN DVM PhD J.L. CASTILLO-OLIVARES MD PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1995,24(1):73-77
To determine cardiopulmonary and analgesic effects of lidocaine, alfentanil, and xylazine in pigs anesthetized with isoflurane, 18 healthy Landrace-Large White pigs were studied (six for each drug). General anesthesia was induced with isoflurane in O2 and maintained with 1% to 1.2% end-tidal ISO, ensuring presence of a pain response before epidural drug administration. Heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressures (AP), cardiac output (CO), pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), central venous pressure, respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (TV), minute volume (MV), arterial blood gas data, core temperature (CT), and analgesic effects (by pricking the lumbar area and the abdominal wall) were determined at various times (2, 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 minutes) after epidural administration of lidocaine (5 μg/kg), alfentanil (5 μg/kg), or xylazine (0.2 mg/kg), all diluted in NaCl 0.9% to 0.5 mL/kg. Statistical analysis included two-way analysis of variance for repeated measures and the least significant difference test for determining differences among means. A probability level of P <.05 was used. The following results were statistically significant decreases in systolic AP, HR, TV, RR, MV, CT, pH, PaO2 , and TCO2 and increases in PCWP, PaCO2 , and HCO3 after LID. After ALF, only CT and HCO3 decreased. Core temperature and TV decreased after XYL. Lidocaine provided 45 to 60 minutes of analgesia. Alfentanil had no analgesic effects, and xylazine provided 90 minutes of analgesia. The authors conclude that xylazine, when injected epidurally, provides suitable analgesia in isoflurane-anesthetized pigs. 相似文献
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SUMMARY Effects of body weight, condition score, ovarian cyclic status and insemination regimen on pregnancy rates were investigated in 164 Bos indicus heifers synchronised with norgestomet-oestradiol and pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG). Oestrus detection techniques were also compared. Heifers were inseminated at either a fixed time (group 1, n = 83) of 48.0 ± 0.2 h (mean ± SEM) after implant removal or at 8.9 ± 0.5 h after oestrus was detected (group 2, n = 81). Group 2 heifers that were not detected in oestrus by 72 h after implant removal were inseminated at that time. Oestrus was detected for the purpose of insemination using heatmount detectors. Tail-paint and oestrogen treated, chin-ball harnessed steers were used to compare the efficiency of oestrus detection. The probability of ovarian cyclicity increased with increasing body weight and condition score (P < 0.001). A higher proportion of heifers that were acyclic at the commencement of treatment, compared with cyclic heifers, were detected in oestrus at the time of insemination in the fixed-time inseminated group (P <0.01). Analysis of covariance revealed that intervals from implant removal to oestrus were influenced by ovarian cyclic status (P < 0.01) and insemination group (P < 0.05). A higher pregnancy rate (%± SEM) was obtained in acyclic compared with cyclic heifers in the group 1 heifers (50.0 ± 10 vs 28.1 ± 6; P = 0.055) but not among the group 2 heifers (45.8 ± 10 vs 49.1 ± 7; P = 0.787). The probability of pregnancy was found to be associated negatively with body weight (P = 0.01) while a higher pregnancy rate was obtained in the group 2 compared with group 1 heifers (48.2%vs 34.9%; P = 0.093). The efficiency of oestrus detection was highest using heatmount detectors compared with tail-paint and chin-ball harnessed steers (90.7%vs 37.0% and 23.5%, respectively; P < 0.0001). We conclude that pregnancy rates can be increased in extensive environments when insemination follows oestrus detection using heatmount detectors compared with a fixed-time insemination. The fertility of heifers inseminated at a fixed time is influenced by ovarian cyclic status due to its influence on oestrus-to-insemination intervals. 相似文献
204.
Efficiency of inspection procedures for the detection of tuberculous lesions in cattle 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
LA CORNER L. MELVILLE† K. McCUBBIN‡ KJ SMALL† BS McCORMICK§ PR WOOD JS ROTHEL 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(11):389-392
The sensitivity of the abattoir inspection procedure introduced for Australian export beef in 1976 was compared to a detailed necropsy procedure for the detection of tuberculous lesions in cattle. In a sample of cattle that were reactors to the tuberculin test, abattoir inspection failed to detect an estimated 47% of cattle with lesions. The detailed necropsy examination of cattle with lesions of tuberculosis identified 21 sites of infection compared with 13 to 18 in cattle examined by routine meat inspection procedures. Of the lesions detected during detailed necropsy, 15.9% did not involve the thoracic cavity or the medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes. The failure to detect lesions during abattoir inspection has its greatest significance in an animal with a single lesion. If the 245 cattle found with single lesions during detailed necropsy had been examined by abattoir inspection using the 1976 or the 1986 procedures, 0.8 and 8.9%, respectively, of these animals would not have been detected because the diseased tissues would not have been examined. If meat inspection is to provide an effective means of monitoring the level of bovine tuberculosis during the final stages of eradication, a procedure no less sensitive than that introduced in 1976 should be used. 相似文献
205.
Serna-Saldivar SO Zorrilla R De La Parra C Stagnitti G Abril R 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2006,61(3):121-129
Different sources of DHA and/or n-3 (omega-3) rich oils, oil emulsions and microencapsulated (ME) powders were tested at two different concentrations with the aim of producing fortified pan bread. Three oils (S-algae, fish and flax), two emulsified algae oils (Emulsion-P and Emulsion-L) and two ME oils (ME-S algae and ME-C algae) were compared. The DHA and n-3 oils replaced part of the shortening in order to obtain 32 g slices enriched with 25 or 50 mg DHA, 35 or 70 mg total n-3 from fish oil and 90 or 180 mg linolenic from flax oil. Addition of oils did not significantly affect water absorption but reduced mix time whereas addition of the ME oils decreased both water absorption and mix time. Breads enriched with flax or ME-C oils had lower volume and higher density than the control, ME-S algae, Emulsion-P and Emulsion-L breads. All breads lost texture throughout 14 d storage, the major changes occurred after 3 d. The ME-S algae oil bread had the best softness after 14 d storage whereas breads produced from ME-S algae or ME-C algae oils had the poorest texture. Sensory evaluations indicated that the color of the ME-S algae oil fortified bread was significantly less preferred than the other loaves. After 6 d the control bread had higher acceptability compared with the rest of the breads enriched with high levels of DHA or omega-3 oils. The high-enriched fish oil bread was well accepted during the first days of storage but had the least preferred acceptability after 13 d. The best fortified breads were those supplemented with S-algae oil, Emulsion-P and Emulsion-L oils. 相似文献
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Meropenem synovial fluid concentrations after intravenous regional limb perfusion in standing horses
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209.
Ferenc Tóth DVM PhD DACVS‐LA Jim Schumacher DVM MS DACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2018,47(4):536-542
Repair of hernias of the abdominal wall of horses is often augmented by inserting a prosthetic mesh. In this review, we describe the various characteristics of prosthetic meshes used for hernia repair and present 2 systems that are used by surgeons in the human medical field to classify techniques of prosthetic mesh herniorrhaphy. Both of these classification systems distinguish between onlay, inlay, sublay, and underlay placements of mesh, based on the location within the abdominal wall in which the prosthetic mesh is inserted. We separate the published techniques of prosthetic mesh herniorrhaphy of horses using this classification system, ascribing names to the techniques of herniorrhaphy where none existed, and report the success rates and complications associated with each technique. By introducing a classification system widely used in the human medical field and illustrating each technique in a figure, we hope to clarify inconsistent nomenclature associated with prosthetic mesh herniorrhaphy performed by veterinary surgeons. 相似文献
210.