仙草多糖提取工艺条件优化研究

采用水提法浸提仙草，以仙草多糖的提取率为指标，研究料液比、浸提温度、浸提时间及浸提次数4个因素对其提取率的影响，并从中挑取合适的因素水平进行正交试验及SPSS分析。结果表明：在这4个因素中，对提取率影响最大的因素是浸提温度，然后是浸提时间，再次是料液比，最后是浸提次数；在料液比1:60、温度100 ℃、浸提时间3 h的最优条件下，仙草多糖的提取率高达17.89 %，此时仙草多糖的含量为44.13 %。     

美国夏威夷组织培养技术考察报告

对美国夏威夷组织培养技术的应用及现状进行考察学习，及时总结，以期对我国组织培养技术的应用提供借鉴。     

莱豆新品种龙莱1号的选育

征集龙岩市莱豆地方品种13个,按照育种目标进行品种筛选、提纯、繁殖、特征特性观察与栽培技术试验,育成的莱豆新品种龙莱1号具有中熟、品质优、产量高、抗病性较强、适应性广、商品价值高等特点。该文介绍该品种从2003～2010年的选育过程及该品种主要特征特性。     

Nutrient uptake requirements with increasing grain yield for rice in China

Improved estimates of nutrient requirements for rice（Oryza sativa L.）in China are essential to optimize fertilization regulation for increasing grain yields and reducing the potential of environmental negative influences,especially under high-yielding intensive systems.A database involving rice grain yields,nutrient concentrations and accumulations collected from on-field station experiments in the literatures published from 2000 to 2013 in China was developed to understand the relationships between grain yields and plant nutrient uptakes,and to quantify nutrient requirements for different yield levels.Considering all data sets,rice grain yield ranged from 1.4 to 15.2t ha^-1with the mean value of 7.84t ha^-1,and ca.10.4%of yield observations were higher than the yield barrier level of 10 t ha^-1.N requirement to produce one ton grain was 21.10 kg for the yield range<4.0t ha^-1with a high variation of 45.8%.Except of the yield range<4.0t ha^-1,the values of N requirement,firstly increased from 18.78 kg for yield range 4.0-5.5 t ha^-1to 20.62 kg for yield range 7.0-8.5 t ha^-1,then decreased slightly to 19.67 and19.17 kg for the yield range 8.5-10 and>10 t ha^-1,respectively.Phosphorus（P）and potassium（K）requirements showed increasing trends,from 3.51 and 19.87 kg per t grain for<4.0 t ha^-1yield range to 4.10 and 21.70 kg for>10.0t ha^-1range.In conclusion,nutrient requirement varied with increasement of grain yield,and N,P and K presented various response trends,increasing,declining or stagnating,which would be of great benefit for improving fertilizer strategies.     

胸部高分辨率CT在新生儿胸部疾病诊断中的意义

目的 探讨胸部高分辨率CT(HRCT)在新生儿胸部疾病诊断中的意义.方法 收集69例行胸部HRCT检查的新生儿临床资料,分析新生儿胸部疾病的常见HRCT征象,并与DR平片进行对比.结果 HRCT对先天性胸肺发育异常疾病的诊断符合率明显高于DR平片(77.8％ vs 38.9％,P＜0.05);HRCT在发现新生儿重症肺炎特殊征象上明显优于胸部DR平片(71.4％ vs 4.8％,P＜0.01).结论 胸部HRCT对于肺部发育不良、纵膈病变、新生儿重症肺炎等具有较大的诊断意义.     

非繁殖季节奶山羊同期发情处理效果研究

为了探讨两种同期发清处理方法和不同年龄阶段对非繁殖季节奶山羊同期发情效果的影响,选用12∽15月龄初产奶山羊和4∽5胎经产奶山羊分为两组,采用孕激素耳栓埋植和阴道栓塞两种处理,并辅以肌注PMSG及PG-CL、E2,每组试验重复2次.结果显示：孕激素耳栓埋植法和阴道栓塞法两种同期发情处理方法处理初产组奶山羊总发情率分别达到87.5％和100.0％,经产组分别达到77.8％和83.3％,均无显著差异（P＞0.05）.但两种方法0∽24 h内的同期发情率初产组阴道栓法平均为94.1％,耳栓法平均为37.5％,差异显著（P＜0.05）,经产组阴道栓法平均为61.1％,耳栓法平均为44.4％,差异亦显著（P＜0.05）;无论初产、经产组奶山羊阴道栓法处理0∽24 h内的同期发情率（分别为94.1％、61.1％）显著高于24∽36 h发情率（分别为5.9％、22.2％）（P＜0.05）.用阴道栓同一种方法处理初产和经产奶山羊,初产组24 h的同期发情率（86.7％）显著高于经产组（60.0％）（P＜0.05）.阴道栓法处理同期发情效果优于耳栓法,初产奶山羊的同期发情效果优于经产奶山羊.     

Molecular Cloning,Sequence Analysis and Tissues Expression Profile of Part of Mink Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) Genes

The present study was aimed to explore the potential role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on the mink immunity, and accumulate alternative genetic material for the mink breeding for disease-resistant.Four pairs of primers were designed according to ferret TLR sequences in GenBank to obtain the sequences of TLR genes (TLR4, TLR6, TLR7 and TLR8) of mink and then performed bioinformatics analysis of these sequences.In addition, the expression of TLR4 and TLR7 genes in various tissues in young and adult minks were analyzed by RT-PCR. Sequence homology analysis showed that mink had higher homology with carnivora (ferrets, polar bear, panda, walrus, seals, dog, tiger and cat) which had the nearest perimeter in the phylogenetic tree.Tissue expression analysis showed that TLR4 and TLR7 were widely and differently expressed in variety tissues of mink.Interestingly, the expression of TLR4 and TLR7 in young mink were much higher than that in adult mink.     

香蕉TGA转录因子家族的鉴定及枯萎病菌胁迫下的表达分析

尖孢镰刀菌（Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cubense, Foc）引起的香蕉枯萎病是我国香蕉的主要病害之一,严重影响香蕉的产量和品质。TGA防御反应基因在香蕉应对尖孢镰刀菌胁迫的应答转录调控过程中至关重要。本研究以拟南芥TGA转录因子家族成员蛋白为查询序列,在香蕉基因组数据库中Blast筛选出TGA转录因子家族成员,并对该家族成员进行生物信息学分析。共鉴定得到9个香蕉TGA家族成员,分别命名为MaTGA1~MaTGA9;香蕉TGA家族蛋白富含酸性氨基酸,大部分蛋白以α螺旋为主;亚细胞定位主要在细胞核内。进化树分析表明,香蕉MaTGA转录因子家族的9个成员可分为Class Ⅰ和Class Ⅱ两类,基因结构及功能结构域的分布情况也呈现出高度一致。进一步通过RT-qPCR分析发现,MaTGA2、MaTGA3和MaTGA8在香蕉枯萎病菌侵染后的‘威廉斯’（易感病）及‘南天黄’（抗病）中均显著下调表达,MaTGA1、MaTGA6、MaTGA7和MaTGA9均呈现先下降后上升的趋势;然而MaTGA4和MaTGA5仅在‘威廉斯’中上调表达,以上结果表明MaTGA2、MaTGA3和MaTGA8在香蕉抗枯萎病中发挥重要的生物学功能。本研究结果为香蕉TGA转录因子功能挖掘奠定理论基础。     

行政事业单位改革性补贴与奖励性补贴存在的问题与对策

改革性补贴和奖励性补贴作为当前行政事业单位员工收入的组成部分,要将其纳入个人总收入水平的监管范围,在对收入总水平进行宏观调控的基础下,对其实施规范和管理。因此,如何规范改革性补贴和奖励性补贴便成为改革当前收入分配制度,规范收入分配秩序的重要工作内容之一。本论文探讨了改革性补贴与奖励性补贴在现实中存在的一些问题,并提出了相应的对策,希望对当前行政事业单位员工收入改革有所裨益。     

蛋白质变性剂和金属离子对中华皮蝇单体乳酸脱氢酶活力的影响

为了分析蛋白质变性剂和金属离子对从中华皮蝇(Hypoderma sinense)幼虫中纯化的单体乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活力的影响,分别用3种蛋白质变性剂[尿素、盐酸胍、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)]以及8种二价金属离子在体外处理纯化的中华皮蝇LDH,再测定其酶活力。结果表明,中华皮蝇LDH对蛋白质变性剂尿素有一定的耐受性,对SDS敏感;在1~20 mmol/L浓度范围内,大多数二价金属离子对LDH活力有不同程度的抑制作用,但3 mmol/L的Co2+对LDH活力有很强的促进作用,这不同于其他来源的LDH。该研究结果提示中华皮蝇LDH具有较高的抗变性能力,对高浓度Co2+的需求可能是其重要特征之一。