植物乳杆菌高密度增殖发酵条件的研究

为了研制新型微生态制剂, 对常用益生菌株--植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum) 的增殖条件进行研究.通过单因素和响应面方法对植物乳杆菌Lp-2 的发酵培养基成分进行了筛选和优化, 确定了最佳培养基.最后,研究了大规模培养工艺及其培养过程的放大.试验表明:蔗糖29 g/L,酵母膏31 g/L,蛋白胨25 g/L,K2HPO4 20 g/L,NaAc 6 g/L,柠檬酸氢二铵2 g/L,Tween80 2 g/L,MgSO4 0.1 g/L, MnSO4 0.1 g/L,在25℃、100 r/min的培养条件下在3 t发酵罐培养9.6 h,所得植物乳杆菌的最大产量约为1010 CFU/mL.实验表明了此植物乳杆菌增殖优化方案成效明显,可以放大推广生产.     

Method of Constructing Core Collection for Malus sieversii in Xinjiang, China Using Molecular Markers

The method for constructing core collection ofMalus sieversii based on molecular marker data was proposed. According to 128 SSR allele of 109 M. sieversii, an allele preferred sampling strategy was used to construct M. sieversii core collection, using the UPGMA （unweighted pair-group average method） cluster method according to Nei ＆ Li, SM, and Jaccard genetic distances, by stepwise clustering, and compared with the random sampling strategy. The number of lost allele and t-test of Nei＇s gene diversity and Shannon＇s information index were used to evaluate the representative core collections. The results showed that compared with the random sampling strategy, allele preferred sampling strategy could construct more representative core collections. SM, difference for construction of M. sieversii core collection. Jaccard, and Nei ＆ Li genetic distances had no significant SRAP （sequence-related amplified polymorphism） data and morphological data showed that allele preferred sampling strategy was a good sampling strategy for constructing core collection of M. sieversii. Allele preferred sampling strategy combined with SM, Jaccard, and Nei ＆ Li genetic distances using stepwise clustering was the suitable method for constructing M. sieversii core collection.     

不同施肥模式对甘薯生长发育及高产生理特性的影响

分层施肥是在配方施肥的基础上根据甘薯不同生育期的需肥特点进行养分供给,其增产效果好于配方施肥和普通施肥,高产机理在于通过增加光合面积、提高净同化率、改善光合产物分配来提高经济产量。     

鄂西南山区珍稀濒危药用植物资源调查研究

报道了鄂西南山区32种国家级珍稀濒危药用植物资源,介绍了其保护级别、分布、生境、药用部位、药用价值及资源状况,并结合鄂西南山区珍稀药用植物的现状,对资源保护提出了建议.     

外源海藻糖对NaCl胁迫下番茄幼苗生理指标的影响

在0.4%NaCl胁迫下,利用0.3%~0.5%的外源海藻糖处理番茄幼苗,研究其对番茄幼苗生长及叶片保护酶活性和氧化损伤的影响。结果表明:0.5%的外源海藻糖处理显著提高了番茄幼苗的株高、茎粗、根系活力、叶片叶绿素含量和SOD酶的活性,显著降低了MDA的含量,缓解NaCl胁迫伤害的效果最好,增强了植株的耐盐性。     

优球蛋白法纯化欧鳗免疫球蛋白

采用优球蛋白法与饱和硫酸铵分步盐析法纯化欧洲鳗鲡血清免疫球蛋白(Ig),利用SDSPAGE分析其纯度.试验结果显示:优球蛋白法纯化的欧鳗血清免疫球蛋白出现清晰2条带,纯度高于饱和硫酸铵分步纯化法;ELISA分析优球蛋白法纯化的欧鳗血清效价高于饱和硫酸铵纯化结果;Western-blot结果亦显示纯化的优球蛋白具有抗体免疫学活性.     

饲料中L-肉碱对斑节对虾肌肉中肌苷酸含量的影响

选用平均体重为(8.25±1.18) g的池塘养殖斑节对虾,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个水泥池(100 cm×100 cm×100 cm)养虾60尾,分别投喂添加0、50、100和200 mg/kg L-肉碱的配合饲料4周.在实验的第0、1、2、3、4周分别从每个重复中随机取样,测定肌肉中的肌苷酸含量,研究L-肉碱对斑节对虾肌肉风味的影响.结果显示,1周后,实验组对虾肌肉肌苷酸含量均有所提高,其中50 mg/kg的实验组肌苷酸含量比对照组高27.39%(P＜0.05);2周后50 mg/kg的实验组比对照组高15.85% (P＜0.05),随着肉碱添加浓度升高对虾肌肉中肌苷酸含量呈下降趋势;3、4周后,实验组肌苷酸含量均比对照组低,呈现明显的负相关.与野生斑节对虾相比,池塘养殖对虾肌苷酸含量均比野生的低,但使用实验配制的饲料养殖4周后的对照组则与其有接近趋势.     

不同地区猪源和禽源大肠杆菌耐药性监测

2003—2005年自我国6省1市分离鉴定出133株猪源和455株禽源大肠杆菌临床株.采用微量肉汤稀释法测定了对20种抗菌药物的敏感性.结果表明,无论猪源还是禽源大肠杆菌对12种喹诺酮类药物耐药率非常高(耐药率范围34.96%~96.71%),对8种非喹诺酮类药物(除阿米卡星呈较低的耐药率外)也呈较高的耐药率(22.42%~94.07%);多重耐药现象十分严重,3耐及3耐以上菌株占总菌株94%以上;不同地区来源菌株的耐药模式总体一致,但存在耐药水平高低的差异.     

羽衣甘蓝×芥菜型油菜种间杂种再生和染色体加倍

以羽衣甘蓝和芥菜型油菜种间杂种(ZH201)(2=3x=ABC=27)为试验材料,以花序轴,果柄和子房为外植体,采用不同处理对其进行再生研究;对获得的再生试管苗用秋水仙素和二甲基亚砜进行处理,比较不同因素对染色体加倍的影响;对获得的三倍体和六倍体植株进行形态学和细胞学比较.结果表明:杂种植株再生频率从高到低依次为果柄、子房、花序轴,将外植体直接接种到分化培养基(MS+0.2 NAA+3.0 mg/L 6 BA 3.0 mg/L+5.0 mg/L AgNO3+0.6 mg/L GA3)上再生频率最高.在染色体加倍处理方面,以100 mg/L秋水仙素处理根尖24 h效果最好,获得的六倍体植株与三倍体相比,花朵颜色较深,花瓣较大,花药饱满,荚果能够正常生长,获得部分种子.在细胞学上,三倍体植株在花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ存在着大量单价体,后期Ⅰ、后期Ⅱ发现有大量染色体落后现象.六倍体植株中在花粉母细胞减数分裂后期Ⅰ、后期Ⅱ也发现有染色体落后现象,但是落后染色体比三倍体少.

Abstract：

Rachises, pedicels and ovaries from the interspecific hybrid ZH201 (2n= 3X=ABC=27) between Brassica oleracea var. acephala and B. juncea were used as explants and cultured on different media to study their frequency of regeneration. The regenerated plantlets were treated with colchicine or Dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO) to compare their effect on chromosome doubling and to obtain hexaploid plants. The morphological and cytological characteristics of the triploid and hexaploid plants were compared. The results showed that plantlet regeneration frequency of the explants was in the order of pedicel ＞ ovary ＞ rachis. The highest regeneration frequency was obtained when the explants were directly inoculated on the differentiation medium MS+0.2 mg/L NAA+3.0 mg/L 6-BA+ 5.0 mg/L AgNO3 +0.6mg/L GA3. The treatment of root meristem with 100 mg/L colchicine solution for 24 hours yielded the best results of chromosome doubling. Compared with their triploid counterparts, the hexaploid plants obtained had bigger petals with darker color and well-filled anther and normal pods and, as a result, yielded some seeds. In cytological examination, many univalent chromosomes were observed during meiosis metaphase I of pollen mother cells of the triploid plants and many lagging chromosomes during anaphase I and anaphase Ⅱ. Though lagging chromosomes were also detected during anaphase Ⅱ and anaphase Ⅱ of the hexaploid plants, their number was much smaller than that of the triploid plants.     

从儒教祭祀乐章看古代诗歌的作用

自汉至清,历代封建王朝不仅继承了原始宗教教义,而且也继承了以诗事神的古老传统。他们信奉"感天地,动鬼神,莫近乎诗"的古训,坚持"放郑近雅",以《诗经》雅颂为典范,大力创制与使用儒教祭祀乐章,旨在借助诗歌"感鬼神而通教化"的作用,为国家统治服务。在儒者看来,诗歌的主要作用是祀奉神祗,教化民众。认为祭祀诗歌是中国古代最重要的诗歌,也是最有价值的文学作品。